Fredsstudier og konfliktløsning

The transition from medieval feudalism to the modern capitalist world -- like that from ancient slavery to feudalism itself -- is considered to be one of the major historical transitions of humanity. The most common explanations for this passage, however, suffer from being more descriptions for this passage than actual explanations for it. This book offers a more acceptable explanation for this passage: The secularization of the Peace of God movement of the early eleventh century.

This Open Access book uses Mary Kaldor¿s concept of ¿New Wars¿ to explore how ethnic conflict reshaped the social and environmental landscape of the Southern Caucuses following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It relies on remote sensing data and qualitative historical research to explore how armed conflict between non-state actors generated the region¿s largest epidemic of P. vivax malaria since the 1960s. This book is an important addition to the literature on the Karabakh conflict and conflict studies more broadly because the infectious disease outbreaks associated with warfare often kill more people than the armed conflicts themselves. Warfare itself has also changed dramatically since the collapse of the USSR, and the Karabakh conflict provides an excellent case study of the way ¿New Wars¿ transform the natural and social environment to facilitate outbreaks of preventable disease. This extended case study will be useful to researchers froma variety of academic disciplines, including medical anthropology, geography, conflict studies, disease ecology, global health and public health. It also reveals the fragility of twentieth century malaria control in temperate regions and will assist in predictive modeling for future outbreaks.

In diesem Open-Access-Buch werden Prozesse und Dynamiken der Zusammenarbeit zwischen verschiedenen Akteur*innen in Projekten des zivilen Friedensdienstes in Kenia, Sierra Leone und Liberia betrachtet. Das durch lokale und internationale Akteur*innen gemeinsame Bearbeiten von Konflikten und Herausforderungen der Friedenskonsolidierung hat in der deutschen Friedensarbeit eine lange Tradition und wird in einer globalisierten Welt immer wichtiger. Deswegen geht das Buch der sowohl für die Wissenschaft als auch für die Friedenspraxis relevanten Frage nach, inwiefern im Kontext der Zivilen Konfliktbearbeitung eine gleichberechtige Partnerschaft vorliegen kann. Indem sich die Arbeit auf die Chancen und Herausforderungen der Zusammenarbeit konzentriert, gelingt es, den Blick auf die alltäglichen Aktivitäten zu legen, die eigentlichen Prozesse und Reibungspunkte der Friedensarbeit zu analysieren und einen wertvollen Beitrag zur kritischen Friedensforschung und der Diskussion um Hybridität und Friction zu leisten.

This book explores the complex linkages between power politics of the international arena, the profit-seeking, often elitist and at-times corrupt world of professional international sport, and the promise for harnessing sport to promote human rights, inclusive development, and sustainable peace in a violent world.

This handbook takes stock of the African Union¿s Vision 2020 to rid the African continent of wars, civil conflicts, human rights violations, and humanitarian disasters ¿ including violent conflicts and genocide ¿ and provides recommendations on how to address contemporary threats to peace and security in Africa. It explores the continent¿s current peace and security landscape, including new actors, emerging threats, and the prospects for achieving sustainable peace. With contributions from highly respected experts in the field, both academics and practitioners, the volume unpacks the sources of conflict, instability and the challenges of peace and development, and provides research-based policy advice to guide and inform African governments, policy makers, practitioners, and scholarly audiences on the continent and beyond.

This edited collection expands the applicability of peace journalism research beyond war to present readers with new and unique perspectives on terrorism and radicalization. Flora Khoo curates an expansive range of global case studies on diverse instances of terrorism, extremism and radicalization. Chapters examine news portrayal of war and peace in national and international conflicts, TV and film portrayal of war and peace in the entertainment world, as well as global terrorism, domestic extremism and radical movements. Essays are drawn from global range of locations including Kenya, London, Paris and Orlando, and a variety of organizations including ISIS, Al-Shabaab, Antifa and Army of God to deepen our understanding of peace and war journalism and related issues in new and diverse ways."Examining Terrorism, Extremism and Radicalization Through a Peace Communication Perspective is a scholarly foundation for those of us who want to enjoy learning about the breadth and depth of peace journalism. This book will arouse interest and generate a complex view of timely case studies spanning four different continents. Readers will enjoy a fresh perspective of peace journalism and its implications and applications in the world today." ¿Shahira S. Fahmy, Professor of Communication, The American University in Cairo; Associate Editor, Journal of Communication; Author, Media, Terrorism & Society: Perspectives and Trends in the Digital Age "This edited volume offers a timely and compelling reexamination of international conflicts and terrorism through the lens of peace journalism. It expands our understanding of peace journalism through an interdisciplinary approach that is not only theoretical in scope and depth, but also highly applied." ¿Seow Ting Lee, Professor of Strategic and Health Communication, University of Colorado Boulder

This book explores how international sanctions on Iran reshaped the contours of East Asia's interactions with the Middle Eastern state. Almost all East Asian political entities, from the industrialized and developed nations of Japan and South Korea, to the communist and developing countries of China and North Korea, have become major international partners of Iran over the past several decades. In addition, East Asian states were, by and large, thought to be among leading foreign beneficiaries of Iran sanctions, and the overall impacts of sanctions in transforming both the scope and size of their rather multifaceted connections to the Middle Eastern country have been consequential. Despite its significance, academic studies about this topic have remained sparse and scattered. This book aims to partially fill that research lacuna by surveying all relevant information and data available in the archives of several languages, including Chinese, English, Japanese, Korean, and Persian. While the book strives to cover the entire sanctions period, most of the analysis focuses on the past one and a half decades, when Iran came under the severest sets of international sanctions. It was during this particular time period that international quandary over the Iranian nuclear program led to a slew of far-reaching penalties and stringent restrictions levied against Iranians by the United Nations and the United States. These recent waves of international sanctions and limitations transformed many quintessential characteristics of East Asia's interactions with Iran. Such sanctions-induced critical developments and changes, moreover, are bound to play an instrumental role in the direction and volume of exchanges between East Asian states and Iran in the coming years and decades.

Spätestens seit der ausgerufenen ¿Zeitenwende¿ muss Sicherheitspolitik nicht nur neu, sondern auch anders gedacht werden. Der Dreiklang von Sicherheit, die Frieden schafft und Entwicklung ermöglicht, ist nicht mehr im Sinne von humanitären Interventionen zu denken, sondern in einem unübersichtlichen und mannigfaltigen politischen Umfeld neu zu verorten. Dieses Buch leistet einen Diskussionsbeitrag zu den Herausforderungen, Zielen und Konflikten in diesen interdependenten Politikfeldern. Die unterschiedlichen Perspektiven aus Sicht der Friedens-, Sicherheits- und Entwicklungspolitik werden durch Fallbeispiele illustriert.

The book analyses the management of the internal displacement caused by activities of Boko Haram¿s terrorist insurgence in Nigeria. With over 3.1m persons displaced, the humanitarian crisis is at teeter ends with acute malnourishment, inadequate wash and non-relief materials, improper hygiene facilities, and lack of access to basic relief aid for displaced persons. The array of humanitarian organisations belies the concrete living conditions of displaced persons and calls to question the huge resources assumed to be expended on managing the humanitarian crisis in the northeast of Nigeria and the Lake Chad Basin in general. Based on ethnographic research in IDP camps, the book chronicles the concrete living conditions of displaced persons and argues that IDPs in Northeastern Nigeria have been victimised first by Boko Haram¿s terrorism, and then victimised again by inefficient, un-coordinated, and unsuitable displacement management programs. This book also explicate the roles played by the Nigerian government and international aid agencies in managing this displacement, vis-à-vis a comparative analysis of similar, but better managed displacement situations in Kenya, Lebanon, and Turkey.

This book follows the author's 22-year journey through Cyprus and surrounding countries beyond in an exploration of conflict resolution with regard to the Cyprus Problem. The struggle is emblematic of numerous international attempts over the years to resolve this identity-based ethnic conflict historically referred to as the Cyprus Problem. So far all have failed miserably. The current situation indicates any solution other than a formal partition of the island between the two communities seems increasingly remote as the years pass.This has led the author to conclude a resolution to the Cyprus Problem no longer is a realistic political goal, but rather one eclipsed by the need for a non-political solution, which at least may succeed in convincing people on both sides to live together peacefully for their joint benefit.

This book provides an up--to--date discussion of the effect of crises on European identities in the post--Soviet states. In doing so, the book presents an original study on dynamics of European identities during four crises in Georgia and Ukraine. More specifically, it considers the comparative impact of two colour revolutions and wars involving Russia on European identity constructions in Georgian and Ukrainian public identity discourses, studied through national mass media. It compares outcomes of change and continuity during such "e;big bang"e; events in identity discourses and establishes scope conditions that allow or inhibit change. The major finding of the study is that the selected events can indeed instigate sudden shifts in European identity discourses but only when the elite power structure also changes in such hybrid regimes, as Ukraine and Georgia. These changes include shifts in elite groups and in the relative power they hold in the overall power structure.

Dieses Buch untersucht den Regionalismus in der Entwicklungsgemeinschaft des Südlichen Afrika (SADC) und beleuchtet die Einflussnahme der Europäischen Union (EU) als außerregionaler Akteur auf die Organisation und den Integrationsprozess. Die SADC, eine ehrgeizige Organisation, die die Zusammenarbeit in einer Reihe verschiedener Politikbereiche fördert, ist eine Fallstudie darüber, wie erfolgreicher Regionalismus als Strategie für politische Sicherheit und wirtschaftlichen Wohlstand dienen kann, ähnlich wie das erfolgreiche Beispiel des europäischen Integrationsprozesses. Muntschicks Studie zeigt, dass Südafrika eine regionale Schlüsselrolle als Motor für die Integration spielt, während der externe Einfluss der EU ambivalenten Charakter hat, da er sowohl eine unterstützende als auch eine behindernde Wirkung auf den Regionalismus in der SADC entfaltet. Der Autor argumentiert, dass die EU auf der Grundlage von Mustern asymmetrischer Interdependenz Einfluss auf regionale Integrationsprozesse in der SADC gewinnt und zu einem "gamechanger" wird, insofern sie Lösungen für regionale Kooperationsprobleme entweder erleichtert oder behindert.

This collection presents interdisciplinary perspectives on educating for peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It explores a range of theories, contexts, pedagogies and practices within formal education settings and draws attention to the multiple roles that teachers play in fostering socially transformative learning. The volume offers readers a critical exploration of peace pedagogy as an imagined ideal and fluid space between post-war educational politics, institutional and curricular constraints, and the lived experiences and identities of teachers and students in socially and historically situated communities.The book highlights local voices, initiatives and practices by illustrating good examples of how classrooms are being connected to communities, teacher education programs and teachers¿ continued professional development. It demonstrates why and how the grammars of peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina are still in a state of flux and negotiation, and what the implications are for classroom practice and pedagogy. Recommendations are offered for policymakers, curriculum developers, teacher educators and teachers on how peace pedagogies can be promoted at all levels of the education system and through pre-service and in-service teacher education, taking into account the structural uniqueness of the country.

This monograph examines the roles and functions of Swahili in war/conflict situations, and the impact of wars on the destiny of the language. Covering a period of over a century, the monograph explores this sociolinguistic theme in the context of six wars/conflicts: the Maji Maji resistance against German rule, the two World Wars, the anti-colonial resistance to British colonialism, the wars of the Great Lakes region, the cold wars, and the ongoing war against terrorism. In geographical focus, some of the war situations explored here are ¿local,¿ others are ¿transnational,¿ and others still rather ¿global¿ in scope and ramifications. In the final analysis, the monograph provides important snapshots of the conflict-based history of the Swahili language, demonstrating once again that language is a malleable tool that can be appropriated and galvanized to serve the interests of either party in a conflict and sometimes as a means of creating hegemonic and anti-hegemonic meanings.

This book focusses on the interaction between different kinds of violence and radicalization. Current research criticizes linear models of radicalization and assumes that individuals are involved in radical actions even without extremist preferences. In recent years, the research on radicalization and the use of violence has increasingly been focused on this phenomenon of individual radicalization. However, radicalization is a manifold phenomenon on various levels and exists in miscellaneous variations.The book provides an impetus for analysing social situations that contain the potential for the emergence of conflict. This is done through new outlooks on the role of emotions, the influence of narratives and representations, the connection between (non)violence and emancipation and, lastly, new approaches and perspectives on deradicalization.

This book investigates the history and role of the United Nations Command (UNC), which is important not only for the Korean Peninsula but also for East Asian security. The UNC has played a crucial role in maintaining peace on the Korean Peninsula divided by South and North Korea for the past 70 years. However, little is known about how the U.S. administration has perceived the role of the UNC and what policies it has implemented. It is known that the Nixon, Ford, and Carter administrations tried to dismantle the UNC in the 1970s, but eventually decided to reduce it rather than eliminate it. In this context, this study greatly helps us understand the true importance of the UNC by finding out the decisive reason why the U.S. did not remove it. According to the study, past official documents confirmed that the U.S. has recognized the UNC as the basis for maintaining the regime of the armistice on the Korean Peninsula. Historically, no studies have tracked U.S. policy on the UNC through primary data.Currently, the U.S. is implementing a policy to revitalize the UNC, which had been reduced, in order to stabilize the East Asian region. Some say that the U.S. is trying to establish a kind of regional security system centered on the UNC. In any case, the study is crucial to understanding the true role of the UNC, which has recently attracted immense attention. Therefore, this book would be intriguing for experts around the world who are interested in the security in the Korean Peninsula.

Indonesia suffered an explosion of religious violence, ethnic violence, separatist violence, terrorism, and violence by criminal gangs, the security forces and militias in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Are war and inequality inevitable, because evolution made men competitive and dominant? Think again with this entertaining yet powerful new history of 'true' human nature.

The difficulties that have dogged the Northern Ireland peace process and the implementation of the Good Friday Agreement are rarely out of the headlines. This book gives an insight into one of the issues at stake for the people of Northern Ireland - the long-term impact of political violence on the civil population.*BR**BR*The result of extensive research among local communities, and drawing on survey and interview evidence, Northern Ireland After the Good Friday Agreement sets this issue within the context of past conflict and the continuing sectarian violence of the present. In particular it presents the views of ordinary people about their personal experiences of political violence and the impact it has had upon their lives. *BR**BR*Moreover, it shows how the Troubles have affected the young people of the region, and looks at the problems facing a society coming out of a protracted period of low-intensity conflict.

This book aims to analyze from a multidisciplinary perspective the current geopolitical conflict between East and West, between two differentiated and apparently conflicting cosmogonic visions. The geopolitical evolution of the current panorama seems to lead to a new world in the field of international relations, a new board played on a planetary level. Once again, bloc geopolitics can be glimpsed in the immediate future, in which the most important actors such as Russia, China, the United States of America, and the European Union are called to position themselves with respect to the territorial and strategic ambitions of the opponent. International law seems to be overwhelmed by military actions and factual pressure on the ground, while the battle of ideas extends to the technological field and cyberspace. The different origins of the authors, with extensive academic, military, police forces, and business experience undoubtedly enriches the unique perspective that this work intendsto address, always in the attempt to enforce international law and the channels of dialogue between nations, such as the best solution to conflicts.