Sundhed, sygdom og afhængighed: sociale aspekter

Født til Fiasko - en social tabers lange vandring er Peter Williams hudløst ærlige fortælling om en opvækst i et barsk miljø i London. Hvor ingen troede på, han nogensinde ville blive andet end endnu en kriminel bølle. Og en fortælling om at arbejde som roadie for blandt andre Sex Pistols og Smokie. Køre Europa tynd i lastbil. Være eftertragtet britisk DJ på danske diskoteker i 80’erne. Få et barn i Danmark og kæmpe en bitter kamp om forældremyndigheden. Og trods alle odds lande i en tryg, kærlighedsfuld og sikker havn i sidste halvdel af livet. Som blot 11-årig bliver Peter Williams arresteret for første gang. Han er vokset op i et havnekvarter i 60’ernes London, og det var den sikre vej til en kriminel løbebane. Selv hans forældre var overbeviste om, at Peter ville ende bag tremmer. Et nyt socialt eksperiment for unge kriminelle i London i 1974 blev imidlertid et vendepunkt for den unge Peter, der godt nok stjal et pengeskab under sit ophold på The Hammersmith Teenage Project, som det sociale eksperiment blev døbt, men som også kom på en strabadserende vandretur, der ændrede hans livssyn.I september 2018 gik han samme vandretur. Han vidste ikke helt hvorfor, måske for at ære en nylig afdød medarbejder på The Hammersmith Teenage Project, der troede på ham i Peters unge år og hjalp ham bort fra den ellers udstukne vej til et liv bag tremmer? Måske for endnu bedre at forstå, hvem han var? I så fald lykkedes det. For første gang nogensinde slap Peter Williams nemlig sin evige anklage mod sig selv over at have brugt alt for meget af sit liv på vrede, slagsmål, opgør og vold, og i stedet lod han sin underbevidsthed tilgive ham.

Medical treatments designed to help people can also be harmful or fatal. Around 2.5 million people die this way each year. So if any kind of medicine makes someone unwell, they or their doctor should report it. Those reports, from nearly every country in the world, go to the Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC) in Sweden. As the Centre¿s first director, Professor Ivor Ralph Edwards transformed it from a tiny operation with limited horizons into an internationally acclaimed scientific organization at the heart of the World Health Organization¿s Programme for International Drug Monitoring. He was then succeeded by his wife, Dr Marie Lindquist.This is the story of how a new science developed and a passionate and dedicated pursuit of worldwide medicines safety, with an unerring focus on the welfare of patients. The pioneering work of Ralph, Marie and their collaborators on every continent protected the lives of millions of people. It may yet improve the lives of billions more.

This valuable resource for public health students and professionals examines COVID-19's impact on underserved and resource-limited communities, sheds light on important social justice issues, and provides insight into the challenges and opportunities associated with vaccine distribution and the pandemic's environmental impact.

This book explores the connection between family structure and circumstances, parental engagement, and adolescent sexual behavior. Given that South Africa contains the highest portion of the global HIV epidemic within a single country, a comprehensive, book-length investigation intösometimes risky¿adolescent sexual behaviour is necessary. Drawing from the longitudinal Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS) of more than 4,000 adolescents between the ages of fourteen and twenty-two, as well as qualitative interviews and focus group discussions with parents and adolescents, this study pioneers empirical investigation of adolescent sexual behavior within the intricate framework of family dynamics in South Africa.

A guide examining one of the most important, yet often most neglected, organ systems in the body - from the mouth, to the stomach, to the pancreas and liver - and how to keep it healthy with herbal medicine and natural healing

Mit der Ausbreitung einer neuartigen Lungenerkrankung und der damit in Verbindung stehenden Pandemie kommt es zu einer grundlegenden Veränderung der Organisation des sozialen Zusammenlebens. Die Veränderungsprozesse betreffen viele Lebensbereiche und führen in Jahren beständig wechselnder Restriktionen und Hygienemaßnahmen zu einem zunehmenden Widerstand innerhalb der Bevölkerung. Vertrauen wird dabei eine bedeutsame Frage für die effektive Umsetzung von Maßnahmen, für die Einhaltungsbereitschaft und für das Protestverhalten während der Pandemie. Vertrauen in andere Menschen, aber auch in die Institutionen der Gesellschaft, ist ein wichtiges Bindeglied für den sozialen Zusammenhalt. Um das Zusammenspiel des Vertrauens mit pandemiebedingten Veränderungsprozessen sowie den darin inbegriffenen Widerstand gegen die Maßnahmen in Österreich aufarbeiten zu können, werden die Daten des ¿Austria Corona Panel Projects¿ herangezogen. Die Paneldaten untersuchen den Zeitraum der Pandemie von März 2020 bis Februar 2022. In diesem Zeitraum kann für das soziale Vertrauen ein signifikanter Anstieg festgestellt werden. Institutionelles Vertrauen verringert sich dahingegen. Protestverhalten wirkt sich mindernd auf das Institutionsvertrauen aus, während soziales Vertrauen davon nicht direkt beeinflusst ist.

This book discusses health and educational success from a variety of perspectives. It discusses the management of various health conditions, such as diabetic mellitus, epilepsy, mental health, hepatitis, and HIV/AIDS. It covers a broad range of topics, including strategies that can be used in a healthcare setting in communication as well as transmission of knowledge from one generation to another. The focus of the chapters is on patients and their families, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, biokinetics, nursing, medical students and their facilitators, educators, and institutions of higher education. As such, this book is relevant to a variety of sectors in health and education.

Heilberufler, d.h. Ärzt*innen, Pflegende und Vertreter anderer Professionen, die in der Versorgung sterbender Menschen und deren Angehöriger tätig sind, haben Vorstellungen vom Tod ausgebildet. Diese leiten die Behandlungsweise von sterbenden Menschen, da sie Antworten auf fundamentale Fragen geben. Was ist der Tod? Wann tritt ein Mensch in seine letzte Lebensphase ein? Todesvorstellungen sind meist Mischkonzepte. Wissenschaft, Berufserfahrung, Mythologie, Religion, allgemeine Werte gehen in sie ein. Die vorliegende Publikation erforscht die Todesvorstellungen von Heilberuflern und stellt sie in ihrer Diversität dar. Der Band führt dabei Methoden der Literaturzusammenfassung vor, die von fortgeschrittenen Studierenden, Doktoranden und jungen Forscher*innen verwendet werden können, um einen relevanten Forschungsstand zu dokumentieren. Eine wissenschaftshistorische und methodische Reflexion fundiert diese Vorstellung.

Verlust, Abschied und Trauer sind Themen, die in der heutigen Zeit gerne übergangen werden. Wenn man im Rahmen der physiotherapeutischen Arbeit regelmäßig damit konfrontiert wird, dann ist es für Lehrende als Pflicht anzusehen, diese Themen adäquat innerhalb der Ausbildung adressieren zu können. So geht es hierbei nicht nur um den Selbstschutz von Therapeut*innen, sondern auch um eine Befundung von Patient*innen auf allen Ebenen des bio-psycho-sozialen Modells der ICF und somit auch um eine zielführende Therapie. Der Großteil deutscher Lehrpläne umgeht die vermeintlich unangenehme Thematik oder spiegelt antiquierte Sichtweisen wider. Erklärtes Ziel der dreijährigen Ausbildung ist der Erwerb der beruflichen Handlungskompetenz. Zu dieser zählt der Autor unter anderem die emotionale Kompetenz. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt didaktische und methodische Ansätze auf, um die Themen Verlust, Abschied und Trauer im Kontext des bio-psycho-sozialen Modells in die Ausbildung zu integrieren und einen bestmöglichen Erfolg in Form einer Steigerung der emotionalen Kompetenz anzustreben.

?DiGregorio's storytelling is pitch-perfect; narrative and nursing, she understands, come from the same place and both are concerned with a deep understanding of character and plot....This is a brilliant book, and DiGregorio is a beautiful writer. Taking Care deserves to be on the reading list for nursing and medical schools, and on the bedside table of all politicians."?New York Times Book ReviewIn this sweeping cultural history of nursing from the Stone Age to the present, the critically acclaimed author of Early pays homage to the profession and makes an urgent call for change.Nurses have always been vital to human existence. A nurse was likely there when you were born and a nurse might well be there when you die. Familiar in hospitals and doctors' offices, these dedicated health professionals can also be found in schools, prisons, and people's homes; at summer camps; on cruise ships, and even at NASA. Yet despite being celebrated during the Covid-19 epidemic, nurses are often undermined and undervalued in ways that reflect misogyny and racism, and that extend to their working conditions?and affect the care available to everyone. But the potential power of nursing to create a healthier, more just world endures.The story of nursing is complicated. It is woven into war, plague, religion, the economy, and our individual lives in myriad ways. In Taking Care, journalist Sarah DiGregorio chronicles the lives of nurses past and tells the stories of those today?caregivers at the vital intersection of health care and community who are actively changing the world, often invisibly. An absorbing and empathetic work that combines storytelling with nuanced reporting, Taking Care examines how we have always tried to care for each other?the incredible ways we have succeeded and the ways in which we have failed. Fascinating, empowering and significant, it is a call for change and a love letter to the nurses of yesterday, today, and tomorrow.

The Covid-19 pandemic has ushered in an era of unprecedented change, fundamentally reshaping the fabric of our global society. This book, drawing from an international congress of scholars in Medical Humanities and Media Studies, explores the profound impact of the pandemic on Ibero-America, shedding light on the intricate web of historical antecedents, societal structures, and contemporary consequences. It delves into the pandemic¿s role as a crucible for social inequalities, revealing the unique challenges faced in Ibero-America, such as informal labor markets and healthcare access disparities. From politics to culture, this collection of essays examines the multifaceted responses to the pandemic, probing the intricate dance between state control, economic dynamics, and cultural creativity. It also offers a comparative lens on past health crises and their resonance in literature and media.

This book explores the lived experiences of people who interact with needle and syringe program services in Western Sydney, Australia, including participants and industry workers. It locates the research within the wider context of harm reduction and drug policies. It addresses the question "what do needle and syringe programs do?" and seeks to unpack the agency of human and non-human factors to consider the ¿more than human¿ effects of these programmes. Alongside a critical materialist perspective used to interpret the empirical findings, the book demonstrates that needle and syringe programs create new possibilities for engaging with the world by changing the material conditions of illicit drug consumption. It draws on the conceptual contributions of post-humanist thinking from assemblage theory, actor-network theory, and cognate scholarship. Consideration is given to transferable findings and insights for international contexts. The book speaks to scholars andpostgraduate students in the areas such as sociology, criminology, social work, critical public health, cultural studies, and related fields.

In diesem Open-Access-Sammelband werden verschiedene Leistungsdimensionen und Datenzugänge für Abbildung medizinischer Forschung empirisch dargestellt und diskutiert. Leitfragen sind dabei:Wie identifizieren wir Qualität in der medizinischen Forschung?Unter welchen Bedingungen lassen sich medizinische Themen bestmöglich beforschen, um das Patientenwohl und die öffentliche Gesundheit zu fördern sowie Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft voranzubringen?Dieser Logik folgend startet der Sammelband mit Überblicksdarstellungen zum Stand der Evaluation medizinischer Forschung in Deutschland, führt dann auf die eher methodischen, informationswissenschaftlichen Aspekte und empirischen Perspektiven auf die Evaluation medizinischer Forschung und ergänzt diese mit soziologischen Aspekten zur Evaluation medizinischer Forschung als Steuerungsinstrument.

For nearly thirty years the normalisation perspective has enlivened academic discourse and seen ripples of influence go further into media, politics, and popular understandings of drugs. The normalisation thesis advanced the idea that for many young people drug use might be an unremarkable part of growing up rather than a sign of deep pathology, and a leisure option to be rationally selected alongside other hedonistic and somewhat edgy pursuits. While cannabis might be the drug most associated with normalised drug use, the normalisation perspective was also closely tied to a rave scene powered by synthetic stimulantsand psychedelics.The social place of drugs goes beyond factors related to individuals and their access to drugs as well as their tendencies to try drugs or to use them more frequently. Normalisation also relates to the extent that those who do not use drugs tolerate various forms of drug use amongst their friends, acquaintances, colleagues and family members as well as wider society. How are drug talked about in the news media, on social media, in films, on Netflix productions and in politics, and how has since been changing in the last three decades? The early scholarship focused on the situation in the United Kingdom, subsequent research, including much that is contained in this book, has broadened its scope to understanding the social place of drug use across Europe.This addition to the series of books produced by the European Society for Social Drug Research (ESSD) explores the social situation of drug use in Europe through a collection of chapters which feature both recent empirical research and essays theorising the status and nature of normalised drug use in Europe. While the original normalisation research told us how the status of drug use in the 1980s and 1990s was different to that of the 1960s and 1970s, this book adopts a critical and European focus to ask what has happened since then, moving the beyond the original centres of normalised drug use, and asking what normalisation means, and what the implications of this paradigm for understanding drug use might be.

This book provides an interdisciplinary analysis of UK African Diaspora health seekers and their sustained health inequalities in the health market. It translates their often-silenced voices into a decolonial praxis, where their experiences illuminate the hidden factors that have blighted change in health outcomes for these communities. The book excavates and breaks down the nature of these hidden factors, as historical patterns of behaviour that comprise whiteness over the longue duree. Using the lenses of decolonial and critical race studies, the book places whiteness within an ethical and moral framework in order to examine the hidden factors behind health inequalities.  The book also looks at intersectionality and discusses whether it is actually fit for purpose as an analytical framework for discussing the health seeking behaviours of both Black men and Black women in relation to their unequal access to the health market.

Seit den 1980er Jahren haben sich in zahlreichen Staaten innerhalb wie außerhalb Europas beratende Ethikgremien auf nationaler Ebene gebildet. In Deutschland geschah dies erstmals 2001 aufgrund der in dieser Zeit aufkommenden Debatte über embryonale Stammzellforschung, Stammzellimporte, Präimplantationsdiagnostik und Forschungsklonen. Durch die Gründung des Nationalen Ethikrates im Jahr 2001 erhielt Deutschland ein nationales Gremium zur ethischen Politikberatung. Dieses Gremium, wie auch sein Nachfolger, der Deutsche Ethikrat, übernahmen keine geringere Aufgabe, als die deutschen Staatsorgane bezüglich des Hinterfragens der normativen Grenzen des menschlichen Lebens durch wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt zu beraten. Die vorliegende Studie fragt: Was für eine Art Gremium ist dieser Ethikrat, der solche grundlegenden Themen untersucht? Weshalb wurde er gegründet, und warum wurde der Nationale Ethikrat im Jahre 2008 durch den Deutschen Ethikrat ersetzt? Welche Struktur, welche Arbeitsweiseund Arbeitsergebnisse weist er auf? Wie definiert der Rat sein Selbstverständnis? Welche Rolle spielt er für die Politik ¿ etwa die der zertifizierenden Politikberatung? Welche Bedeutung hat der Rat für die deutsche Gesellschaft, und in welchem Verhältnis steht er zu den in ihm vertretenen Wissenschaften?

This volume analyzes the development of the reactions to Covid-19 by governments, the public and the crime patterns in 16 European countries.  All countries are members of the European Union and share common European norms and values, but the Covid-19 pandemic can serve as an example of how these norms and values are interpreted differently with regard to people's trust in public institutions, governmental control strategies, dealing with fear, anxiety and other emotional responses to the new virus, crime patterns and law enforcement priorities to prevent and combat them. The volume provides empirical data based on available statistics, media analysis and qualitative data from interviews and observations, and examines the similarities and differences in crime patterns and the consequences for local communities and law enforcement priorities. 

"Nichts war mehr da, nur mein neues Leben, das sich plötzlich in einer seltsamen Bar und nicht mehr auf meiner gemütlichen Couch abspielte."Buddy Bud hing komplett durch und versüßte sich die Zeit mit unzähligen Joints. Tagelang hatte er seine Wohnung nicht verlassen und sich vom Fernsehprogramm berieseln lassen - bis er völlig zugedröhnt einschlief. Als er aufwacht, klebt an seinem Fernseher eine Notiz, die ihn in eine verwahrloste Bar führt. Eine wunderschöne Frau sitzt auf dem Barhocker neben ihm und trinkt gelangweilt ihr Bier. Zögerlich kommen sie miteinander ins Gespräch und es stellt sich heraus, dass sie dieselbe Notiz gefunden hat. Doch was hat es mit dieser Notiz auf sich und von wem kam sie?

"What an incredibly insightful book that speaks from the hearts of a special population of individuals who have been diagnosed as adults with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)... Patti Kasper has put together an outstanding book. She has been able to bring her own unique point of view to an extraordinarily complex subject in a way from which we can all benefit and learn." Kenneth Lyons Jones, MD, Distinguished Emeritus Professor, Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA As a foster and adoption social worker, Patricia Kasper wanted to understand why so many children in the foster care system fall between the cracks. A lifelong learner, she ultimately dove into the study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, or FASD, which affects 5% of the general population, but up to 70% of youth in foster care. Indeed, Patricia learned that 80% of youth with an FASD are not raised by their parents, and that 86% are either un- or mis-diagnosed. The training Patricia took was revolutionary, as not only did it explain why so many children and youth have been failed, as well as why foster families are so ill-prepared to meet their needs, but it also revealed to Patricia that she herself was impacted by prenatal exposure to alcohol. FASD, a physical disability with behavioral symptoms, is rarely diagnosed, even though it is the #1 preventable cause of developmental, learning and intellectual disabilities world-wide, affecting more people than Autism Spectrum, Cerebral Palsy, Spina Bifida and Downs Syndrome combined. No one outgrows FASD and services for adults living with FASD are even fewer than those available for children and youth. With a diagnostic rate of less than 1%, there are millions upon millions of adults who are unaware they've had a prenatal brain injury. No two people with FASD are impacted the same way, due to a complexity of factors. Sip by Sip shares with its readers 10 stories, the author's own and the other nine through a series of conversations the author has with other people living with FASD. This book is Patricia's attempt to reach other adults who may find answers to life's struggles by looking at their lives through the lens of FASD.

Mahlzeiten kommt eine relevante soziale Bedeutung zu, da das Essen in der Gemeinschaft dem Zusammenkommen und dem Austausch der Mitglieder dient. Als Schnittpunkt zwischen Individuum und Gesellschaft stellt die Kleinfamilie ein Brennglas dar, das den Blick auf das Verhalten zur alltäglichen Mahlzeitengestaltung und somit dessen Verständnis ermöglicht. Zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Studien befassen sich mit der Einnahme von Mahlzeiten in Familien. Unterschiede werden oftmals mit sozialen Unterschieden auf der Basis von Schicht-Differenzen erklärt. Es mangelt jedoch an Forschung zu Differenzen zwischen Familien innerhalb einer Schicht und zu den Gründen, warum es in Familien zu Konflikten bezüglich der alltäglichen Mahlzeitengestaltung kommt. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden der vorliegenden Arbeit die folgenden Forschungsfragen zugrunde gelegt: Wie lassen sich Differenzen im Verhalten von Familien zur alltäglichen Mahlzeitengestaltung erklären? Wie lassen sich Differenzen in der Konflikthaftigkeit bezüglich des Verhaltens zur alltäglichen Mahlzeitengestaltung von Familien erklären? Ziel ist es, Erkenntnisse darüber zu gewinnen, wie Familien ihre alltäglichen Mahlzeiten organisieren und ausgestalten, und welche kulturellen und strukturellen Bedingungen das Verhalten der Familien zur alltäglichen Mahlzeitengestaltung beeinflussen.

A groundbreaking redefinition of what it means to be healthy that introduces the need for social health--the part of wellbeing that comes from feeling connected--to truly flourish.Exercise. Eat a balanced diet. Go to therapy. Most wellness advice is focused on achieving and maintaining good physical and mental health. But Harvard-trained social scientist and pioneering social health expert Kasley Killam reveals that this approach is missing a vital component: human connection.Relationships not only make us happier, but also are critical to our overall health and longevity. Research shows that people with a strong sense of belonging are 2.6 times more likely to report good or excellent health. Perhaps even more astonishingly, people who lack social support are up to 53% more likely to die from any cause. Yet social health has been overlooked and underappreciated--until now.Just as we exercise our physical muscles, we can strengthen our social muscles. Weaving together cutting-edge science, mindset shifts, and practical wisdom, Killam offers the first methodology for how to be socially healthy. An antidote to the loneliness epidemic and an inspiring manifesto for seeing wellbeing as not only physical and mental, but also social, The Art and Science of Connection is a handbook for thriving.In this essential book, you will: Learn a simple yet powerful framework to understand, evaluate, and bolster your social health.Discover the exact strategy or habit you need, as well as research-backed tips, to cultivate and sustain meaningful connection now and throughout your life.Glean actionable insights to develop a sense of community in your neighborhood, at work, and online from a spirited group of neighbors in Paris, the CEO of a major healthcare company, and an artificially intelligent chatbot.Get an insider look at the innovative ways that doctors, teachers, entrepreneurs, architects, government leaders, and everyday people are catalyzing a movement toward a more socially healthy society.The Art and Science of Connection will transform the way you think about each interaction with a friend, family member, coworker, or neighbor, and give you the tools you need to live a more connected and healthy life--whether you are an introvert or extrovert, if you feel stretched thin, and no matter your age or background. Along the way, Killam will reveal how a university student, a newlywed, a working professional, and a retired widow overcame challenges to thrive through connection--and how you can, too.

This handbook offers a collection of scholarly essays that analyze questions of reproductive justice throughout its cultural representation in global literature and film. It offers analysis of specific texts carefully situated in their evolving historical, economic, and cultural contexts. Reproductive justice is taken beyond the American setting in which the theory and movement began; chapters apply concepts to international realities and literatures from different countries and cultures by covering diverse genres of cultural production, including film, television, YouTube documentaries, drama, short story, novel, memoir, and self-help literature. Each chapter analyzes texts from within the framework of reproductive justice in an interdisciplinary way, including English, Japanese, Italian, Spanish, and German language, literature and culture, comparative literature, film, South Asian fiction, Canadian theatre, writing, gender studies, Deaf studies, disability studies, global healthand medical humanities, and sociology. Academics, graduate students and advanced undergraduate students in Literature, Gender, Sexuality and Women¿s Studies, Cultural Studies, Motherhood Studies, Comparative Literature, History, Sociology, the Medical Humanities, Reproductive Justice, and Human Rights are the main audience of the volume.