Kognitiv psykologi

Overthinking is a crisis of the modern age; it affects one in four people and is rising. If you're an overthinker, you'll know exactly how overwhelming it is-the constant negative chatter in your head, replaying scenarios repeatedly, dwelling on the past, worrying about the future, and fixating on things you can't control. Left unchecked, overthinkers suffer from poor concentration, angry outbursts, insomnia, anxiety, and, ultimately, burnout.Fortunately, there is a better way. Simplifying the latest advances in neuroscience, this book offers a practical approach to mindset training that you can feel immediately.Clinical Counsellor Joanna Joustra gently guides her readers through an easy-to-read journey of insights and exercises that build foundational skills in mindfulness, meditation, and metacognition. Learn to recognise thoughts, feelings, and moods as they arise and actively work with them rather than be consumed by them. Discover how to respond rather than react to life's challenges and bring the best version of yourself to every moment.Thinking Room presents a revolutionary approach to mental health that has delivered proven, life-changing results to people from all walks of life. Join the movement of people who have discovered how to replace the crippling impact of overthinking with a new, calmer perspective.

Researchers conjecture that rituals have been prevalent in human activities for millenniadue to tacit evolutionary functions of solidarity and cooperation. A key element ofritualistic behaviours is synchrony, defined as the matching of actions in time withothers. Synchrony has been associated with a range of phenomena, including increasedaffiliation, connectedness, and cooperation among group members. However, there havebeen a number of failed replications of key studies. Furthermore, synchrony researchhas focused mainly on social and affective responses. Synchrony's effects on cognitiveprocesses remain largely unexamined, even though synchronous actions require socialcognition. In this thesis, I investigate the link between synchrony and creative thinking,a basic and distinctively human cognitive process. This thesis reports four empiricalstudies conducted to investigate two main aims: (1) synthesise existing synchronyliterature to determine synchrony's overall effect on previously studied outcomes; and(2) investigate the relationship between synchrony and creative thinking. The focus oncreativity is theoretically relevant because both sociological speculations aboutsynchrony's role on cultural conformity and real-world observations on reduceddecision quality in highly cohesive groups (e.g., groupthink) suggest that synchronymay have detrimental effects on creativity. To address the first aim, a meta-analysis(Study 1) of experimentally manipulated synchrony studies showed that synchrony waspositively associated (small to medium effect sizes) with prosocial behaviour, socialbonding perceptions, partner cognition, and positive affect. Three experimental studieswere conducted to address the second aim. Study 2 investigated the direct associationbetween synchrony and two components of creative thinking - convergent thinking(i.e., synthesis of ideas toward a single creative solution) and divergent thinking (i.e.,generation of multiple alternative ideas) - and aimed to replicate shared intentionality(i.e., shared goal/purpose) on positive social and affective responses.

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Until today, research on monolingual text processing has offered a broad spectrum of results and theoretical explanations of how texts are processed. This book extends the current trend to cover only reading comprehension by considering extensively listening comprehension. Comprehensive presentations of research on children¿s listening comprehension allow for a broader developmental perspective reaching preschool years. Although text comprehension is the essence of learning in educational settings, and children are confronted continuously with the challenge of getting information from texts, comprehensive publications on children¿s text comprehension are scarce. The author posits that a comprehensive review of children¿s comprehension processes has to analyze the development of fundamental cognitive processes involved in comprehension. Therefore, this book covers the impact of working and long-term memory, metamemory, inference making, and gist building on comprehension performance.The role of first and multilingual language proficiency and tasks on specific component processes of text comprehension are discussed. Research results concerning the function of multilingual proficiency and tasks in text comprehension are complemented by the author¿s own published and unpublished research. Theoretical considerations lead to models attempting to cover aspects of multilingual text comprehension. The aim of the book is to present a state-of-the-art overview of the field to inform researchers and students of various disciplines and practitioners to improve their understanding of how to foster multilingual text comprehension.

Positive psychology--the study and promotion of character strengths, positive emotion, and optimism--has gained considerable momentum and support in recent years. Yet despite its application to various specialty areas within the broader field of psychology, neuropsychology has been slow to adopt and adapt its ideas. The contributors to Positive Neuropsychology assert that neuropsychology as a discipline should concern itself with promoting cognitive health as well as addressing pathology. In these pages, positive neuropsychology is conceived of as broadening and enhancing the field, focusing on key areas such as studying and developing cognitive strengths, considering the importance of lifestyle factors on cognition, preventing cognitive dysfunction, compensating for deficits, and promoting cognitive health through education and technology. Chapters reveal not only the benefits of understanding cognitive health and optimal outcomes across the lifespan, but also emerging avenues for practitioners to expand their work into non-traditional settings. Among the topics featured: Modifiable lifestyle factors that impact cognition through midlife.Effects of coping strategies on outcomes in neurological disorders.Promoting cognitive health through effective sports concussion management.Use of innovative assessment and compensatory strategies to promote the executive functions. Promoting psychosocial and cognitive wellness in the workplace.Lifestyle factors and successful cognitive aging in older adults.Gerontechnology applications focused on promoting cognitive and general health.Bringing new dimensions to the neuroscience, wellness, and positive psychology literatures, Positive Neuropsychology will interest a wide range of academics and clinicians, including neuropsychologists, geriatricians, health psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, and other mental health and public health professionals.

Conventional wisdom says the way out of writing block is simple-you just write. It's a twist on this Vincent van Gogh quote: "If you hear a voice within you saying: You are no painter, then paint by all means, lad, and that voice will be silenced, but only by working." And so it goes-if we hear a voice telling us we are no writer, or then we should write, by all means, and that voice will be silenced. Louis L'Amour, prolific American writer of 105 novels, short-story collections, and nonfiction books, admonishes us to do the same: "Start writing, no matter what. The water does not flow until the faucet is turned on." Just turn the faucet on, lad. Just turn the faucet on. Sounds so easy, right? And yet for those of us who have experienced sometimes debilitating writer's block, there's no way we can just turn the faucet on-it's like all of our fingers are superglued together inside oven mitts wrapped in our granny's thick quilt and tied behind our backs with industrial strength duct tape. Just turn the faucet on, just sit down and start pecking away at the piece we're stuck on, word by word-that's not always helpful advice. In this workbook, psychologist Dr. Jennifer Leigh Selig offers both wise and witty ways to work with and through your writer's block. Each page offers a different challenge-for example, on one page, you'll be encouraged to write a response to something Stephen King said about writer's block; on another, you'll write an obituary for your writer's block; on another, you'll fill in the blanks of a tongue-in-cheek Mad Lib; on another, you'll consider what fears may be driving your writer's block; on another, you'll consider ways to entice writing out of yourself. Reverently irreverent-or is it irreverently reverent?-this book is designed to get your hands out of those oven mitts and back on the page.

This book explores 'why some people experience post-traumatic growth leading to greater wisdom and others do not' and suggests that a critical variable is how one copes with that trauma: individuals who actively reflect on their experiences of trauma should develop higher levels of self-transcendent wisdom. This same dynamic has been shown both in research studies of post-traumatic growth and by therapists working with people who have experienced trauma, but these two bodies of work have rarely been brought into direct conversation with each other. In this volume, wisdom researchers and therapists with direct experience with trauma survivors comment on each other's ideas about how coping with adversity can lead to wisdom, and how their proposed models of developing wisdom incorporate the act of coping with a stressful or traumatic event. Based on a synthetic integration of the recommendations in each chapter, the book concludes with the introduction of a new conceptual framework that can better help even individuals who experience significant stressors in their life to cope well and develop wisdom that will be both theoretically robust and practically useful.

This book presents a new approach to understanding the history and practice of cognitive-behavior therapy by presenting country profiles in 38 countries located around the world. The objectives of this edited volume are to provide a broad understanding of the practice of CBT internationally as well as country specific practices that will provide researchers and practitioners with important information for consideration in the application of CBT.The book begins with an introductory chapter by the editors that discusses the history of CBT and the efforts to globalize and disseminate  the science and practice of CBT as well as the unique cultural and international variables. The subsequent chapters offer detailed country profiles of the history and practice of CBT from around the globe. More specifically, chapters will provide an overview of the country, a history of psychotherapy in the country, current regulations regarding psychotherapy provision, professional and cognitive behavior therapy organizations, training opportunities/programs in CBT, populations most frequently worked with using CBT in the country, the    use and adaptation of CBT, the research on CBT in the country, and CBT with special populations (children, immigrants, HIV+, etc).  Many of the nations represented are the most populous and influential ones in their respective regions where CBT has been incorporated into psychotherapy training and practice. Taken as a whole, the countries are quite diverse in terms of sociocultural, economic, and political conditions and the impact of these variables on the practice of CBT in the country will be discussed. The final chapter of the volume offers a summary of the patterns of practice, integrating  the main findings and challenges and discussing them within a global context.  A discussion of the vision for  next steps in the globalization of CBT concludes the book.

Descubra el Poder Oculto de la Psicología Oscura: ¡Toma el Control de tu Mente y Protégete de la Manipulación!¿Está cansado de sentirse manipulado y controlado por los demás? ¿Quieres descubrir los secretos que se esconden tras la manipulación psicológica y aprender a defenderte?Te presentamos "Guía de Psicología Oscura", el recurso definitivo que expone las tácticas de manipulación, revela los juegos mentales y te dota de los conocimientos necesarios para salvaguardar tu mente. Este libro aclamado internacionalmente es su compañero indispensable en un viaje para desentrañar los secretos de la psicología oscura y protegerse de las influencias encubiertas.En su interior, te embarcarás en una cautivadora exploración de los fundamentos y principios de la psicología oscura, adquiriendo un profundo conocimiento de las técnicas utilizadas por los manipuladores en diversas relaciones interpersonales. Con la guía de expertos, aprenderá a identificar las señales de manipulación y a defenderse de ellas con eficacia.En este libroAprenderá los principios y teorías fundamentales de la manipulación psicológica.Descubrirá las técnicas encubiertas que emplean los manipuladores para controlar e influir en los demás.Descubrirá la tríada oscura y cómo se manifiesta en los individuos.Desarrollar la empatía y la conciencia para protegerse de los sutiles juegos mentales.Analizar la manipulación mediática y tecnológica, perfeccionando al mismo tiempo las habilidades de pensamiento crítico.Profundice en la intrincada red de la manipulación psicológica y descubra las herramientas para liberarse. Tanto si busca mejorar sus relaciones personales, desenvolverse en el mundo profesional o simplemente proteger su propia mente, "Guía de psicología oscura" le dota de valiosos conocimientos para superar los retos y recuperar el control.Tome las riendas de su mente y protéjase de la manipulación hoy mismo.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of first, second, and third wave behavior therapies, comparing and contrasting their relative strengths and weaknesses. Recent discussion and research has focused intently on third wave behavior therapies, in particular Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). This is in contrast with first wave behavior therapies (what today might be called applied behavior analysis or clinical behavior therapy) and second wave behavior therapies brought about by the "e;cognitive revolution"e;. The editors aim to provide a fuller understanding of this psychotherapeutic paradigm, tracking how behavior therapies have evolved through history and various paradigm shifts in the field.To this end, the book is organized into five sections covering:Introduction to the three waves of behavior therapyAssessment and measurement strategiesComparative issues and controversiesApplications of the three waves of behavior therapy to 7 major disorders: anxiety, depression, obesity, psychosis, substance abuse, ADHD, and chronic painImplications of and future directions for behavior therapiesThis volume provides a useful perspective on the evolution of cognitive behavior therapy that will inform the study and practice of a variety of mental health professionals.

In our daily lives, communication is prevalent. We don't just communicate because we want to; we need to. Often, we use words to understand each other. However, there are times when we observe people and try to comprehend their intentions. We rely on "body language". This reliance propagates the misleading idea that people communicate with their bodies just as they do with words. This is where misunderstandings frequently occur, sometimes even due to incorrect concepts propagated by so-called experts. The result is a loss of trust among readers or, worse, the disruption of interactions and relationships.Through a science-based approach, this work is primarily dedicated to all readers aged 18 and above who are passionate about communication and keen to understand others.Additionally, professionals from various sectors will find practical concepts and references for research, study, and daily work.

In the last decade, a great variety and volume of scholarly work has appeared on mind-wandering, a mental process involving a vast range of human life, connected with "e;first-person perspective"e; and "e;personhood"e;, submental thinking, mental autonomy, etc. While different and emerging features that flow into and out of one another (second field, mental travel, visual imagery, inner speech, unspecific memory, autobiographical memory, fantasies, introspection, etc.) and negative and positive approaches seem to describe mind-wandering, we offer an interdisciplinary theoretical and empirically informed and informative overview on mind-wandering studies and methodologies oriented toward the educational field. The aim is to transform and enrich the debate on mind-wandering but also to show how theoretical arguments and research findings could inform the teaching-learning context.This groundbreaking book, moves along three representations of developed scientific knowledge: imaginary lines, circles and spirals. The first section, "e;The Lines"e;, develops new lines of inquiry on attention (selective and sustained) and mind-wandering, the influence of age and mind-wandering, embodiment, consciousness and experience and mind-wandering. In the second section, the "e;Circles"e;, groups of Chapters on the same topic, methodology (tasks and measurement), intervention (auditory beat stimulation and mindfulness practices) and creativity, recreate a dance of interacting parts in which there are always profitable, decisive and retroactive exchanges between the information that each group or author activates. The last section, "e;The Spirals"e;, critically discusses the absence of a unified theoretical perspective, in the pedagogical field, attentive both to the processes of emergence and the interactions between parts. 

'Alex Edmans is such a crisp, sharp salutary voice - and a great guide to the bullsh*t of the modern world' Rory Stewart, author of Politics on the Edge 'A powerful and punchy explanation of why misinformation is a problem that affects us all' Gillian Tett, Editor-at-Large, Financial TimesA ground-breaking book that reveals why our human biases affect the way we receive and interpret information, with practical suggestions for how to think more critically* One of Adam Grant's 8 New Idea Books to Start Spring** A Financial Times Book of the Month, April 2024** A Next Big Idea Club Must-Read Book for May 2024** A Wall Street Journal recommended summer read 2024*Our lives are minefields of misinformation. It ripples through our social media feeds, our daily headlines, and the pronouncements of politicians, business leaders, and best-selling authors. Stories, statistics, and studies are everywhere, allowing people to find evidence to support whatever position they want. Many of these sources are flawed, yet by playing on our emotions and preying on our biases, they can gain widespread acceptance, warp our views, and distort our decisions.In this eye-opening book, Alex Edmans, an economist and professor at London Business School, teaches us how to separate fact from fiction. Using colourful examples - from a wellness guru's tragic but fabricated backstory, to the blunders that led to the Deepwater Horizon disaster, and the diet that ensnared millions yet hastened its founder's death - Edmans highlights the biases that cause us to mistake statements for facts, facts for data, data for evidence, and evidence for proof.Armed with the knowledge of what to guard against, he then provides a practical guide to combat this tide of misinformation. Going beyond simply checking the facts and explaining individual statistics, Edmans explores the relationships between statistics - the science of cause and effect - ultimately training us to think smarter, sharper, and more critically. May Contain Lies is an essential read for anyone who wants to make better sense of the world and take better decisions.'A passionate and dispassionate call to truth - and how to achieve it - in a world of growing disinformation' Will Hutton, The Guardian'Not only brilliantly researched and written but immensely practical' Andy Haldane, former Chief Economist at the Bank of England'A timely book and, despite the nerdy statistical theories, is often quite funny' Harry Wallop, The Time

A National Bestseller!"Read this book to connect with your highest self.” —Susan Cain, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Bittersweet and Quiet“We need more awe in our lives, and Dacher Keltner has written the definitive book on where to find it.” —Adam Grant, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Think Again“Awe is awesome in both senses: a superb analysis of an emotion that is strongly felt but poorly understood, with a showcase of examples that remind us of what is worthy of our awe.” —Steven Pinker, Johnstone Professor of Psychology, Harvard University, and author of How the Mind Works and RationalityFrom a foremost expert on the science of emotions, a groundbreaking and essential exploration into the history, science, and greater understanding of aweAwe is mysterious. How do we begin to quantify the goose bumps we feel when we see the Grand Canyon, or our utter amazement when we watch a child walk for the first time? Until recently, there was no science of awe, that feeling we experience when we encounter vast mysteries that transcend our understanding of the world. Revolution­ary thinking, though, has shown how humans have survived over the course of evolution thanks to our capacities to cooperate, form communities, and create culture—all of which are spurred by awe.In Awe, Dacher Keltner presents a sweeping investigation and deeply personal inquiry into this elusive feeling. Revealing new re­search alongside an examination of awe across history, culture, and within his own life, Keltner shows us how cultivating awe in our ev­eryday lives leads us to appreciate what is most humane in our human nature. At turns radical and profound, brimming with enlightening and practical insights, Awe is our field guide for how to place this emotion as a vital force within our lives.

This book presents a fresh approach to the communicability of narratives, revealing the cognitive underpinnings of Charles Sanders Peirce's pragmatistic model. It demonstrates how abductive processes modify habits of belief and action in what Peirce refers to as double consciousness.  Abductions generated during double consciousness paradigms have increased efficacy compared to instinctual abductions. Novel inferences from working memory become consciously integrated with existing long-term memory units which permits fuller consideration of the plausibility of propositions.  Special attention is given to children's prelinguistic means to represent propositional or assertory conflicts, and to resolve these conflicts via listening and re-telling narrators' accounts. Overall, this book serves both a theoretical and applied purpose. It is intended to support innovative therapeutic interventions to facilitate the (re)construction of narratives by adults and children. Its practical applications and theoretical grounding will appeal to graduate students and scholars alike, who wish to examine narrative as an interdisciplinary enterprise-an ontological and cultural phenomenon (narration by way of action/image sequences), not just a literary/linguistic paradigm. Ultimately, this account presents narrative as a modal forum to resolve logical and practical conflicts, compelling the interpreter to become an involved partner in the narrated event itself. 

This book provides a holistic evidence-based perspective on conceptual, clinical, assessment, and treatment aspects of key non-substance-based addictive disorders related to: gambling, gaming, social media, smartphone, internet, love, sex, exercise, work, and shopping. Each chapter focuses on a different addictive disorder and is structured in a user-friendly way to enable the reader fast navigation, yet the main aspects of the respective disorders are covered in the necessary depth. All in all, this book offers a timely, self-contained introduction to both key concepts and the latest scientific developments in behavioral addictions. It addresses mental health practitioners, researchers in psychology, neuroscience and communication, and undergraduate and postgraduate students alike.

"It's in the ordinary that Katz discovers unlimited potential: mundane routine actually sparks incredible imagination. Though it might seem contradictory, ordered rituals actually bring us freedom, creativity, and mental well-being"--

Polyvagal Theory has revolutionised our understanding of the autonomic nervous system's profound impact on various aspects of life, including sociality, emotional regulation, cognitive functions, and overall mental and physical well-being. Through rigorous academic testing, the theory's applications have expanded into diverse fields such as psychotherapy, medicine, education and performance. Exploring these broad applications revealed that Polyvagal Theory transcends its initial scope, and that the principles embedded in the theory could be applied as a generalised lens across various disciplines.In this volume, Dr. Stephen W. Porges-the originator of Polyvagal Theory-presents a collection of recent writings that showcase the wide-ranging applications of the polyvagal perspective. The writings update the theory and delve into sociality, safety and threat, trauma, functional medicine, vagal nerve stimulation, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, addiction, compassion, management and dance movement therapy. This newest volume of Dr. Porges's work demonstrates how adopting a polyvagal perspective enriches our understanding of biobehavioural processes in diverse domains.

Embark on a captivating journey into the enigmatic world of decision-making under the most intense circumstances. "Psychology of Extreme Decisions" is a thought-provoking exploration that delves deep into the heart of the human psyche when faced with life-altering choices. From the frigid expanses of Antarctica to the heart-pounding tension of aircraft emergencies, this book unveils the intricate dance between our minds and the crucible of extreme situations.Each chapter is a portal into a new dimension of understanding, revealing the psychology that guides decisions in the face of uncertainty, danger, and moral complexity. Through immersive case studies, the stories of real people thrust into extraordinary situations come alive. Walk in the footsteps of daring explorers, intrepid pilots, and survivors who triumphed against all odds. Witness the inner workings of their minds as they grapple with risk, resilience, and the very essence of human morality.Unveil the inner mechanisms that drive rapid decisions, explore the paradox of choice in uncertainty, and unravel the intricate dynamics of group decision-making under pressure. From the heights of elation to the depths of despair, this book navigates the emotional spectrum that colors extreme decisions. It reveals how our brains react when the stakes are at their zenith, painting a vivid portrait of the minds that shape our world in times of crisis."Psychology of Extreme Decisions" is not just a book-it's an expedition into the uncharted territories of human behavior. Whether you're fascinated by the human mind, seeking insights into historical events, or simply intrigued by the tales of those who faced the brink, this book offers an unparalleled exploration into the psychology that drives the choices that shape our lives. Get ready to be captivated, enlightened, and inspired by the complexities that unfold when ordinary people are pushed to their extraordinary limits.

This entertaining book takes an insightful look at late-in-life success.You'll read about many successful late bloomers who did their best work in their 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s and beyond. These successful late bloomers include artists, writers entrepreneurs, and even athletes.This book outlines three types of late bloomers - Bad News, Messy, and New Stage; and some of the many individuals who found late-in-life success in each category. But as different as each group of late bloomers are, they also share several of the same approaches to their work. Many of these common strategies are discussed.The positive role aging can have on success is also talked about in the book; as well as, some of the first steps a person can take if they are unsure how to begin their own late-blooming journey.At the end of the book, there are several lists of late bloomers for extra inspiration.

What if you could adapt rapidly to change, design your destiny, plot your own North, systematically design the roads you wish to travel and go the distance-improving your health, your work, and your life?Change means that you will have to create habits, and as both individuals and organizations have found, this is an extremely challenging venture. You may feel that procedures and methods, allied with inspiration, willpower, and motivation will be enough, but the up and down nature of the latter qualities can lead to repeated failed attempts.For individuals, leaders, managers, or anyone who wishes to build or change habits and behaviors and acquire new competencies, the answer lies in Warp Speed Habits, a revolutionary brain-based strategic-tactical approach to creating habits and changing behaviors.Intersecting neuroscience and psychology, this guide leverages business management lessons at an individual level, promotes the development of a "habit mindset" and reshapes environmental contexts. In this quest, as you learn to design, build, and implement sustainable habits, you will travel to worlds and dimensions in different realms.Ready? Begin your first voyage, but make no mistake, as you execute missions in your travels to different worlds, do not illude yourself by biographies of overnight success-these are myths that blur the mindset of energy and resilience you will require.But with the Warp Speed Habits practical and pragmatical roadmap, you will overcome brain traps and obstacles along the way, and ultimately contribute to thriving behaviors that deliver results!

William Shakespeare has undergone psychological analyses ever since Freud diagnosed Hamlet with an Oedipus complex. But now, two psychologists propose to turn the tables by telling how Shakespeare himself understood human behavior and the innermost workings of the human mind.