Regionale myndigheder og andre lokale myndigheder

This book offers ideas and practices on contemporary design concepts and illustrates them with plans and photographs of outstanding examples. Current planning and design modes of dwellings and neighborhoods are facing challenges of philosophy and form. Past approaches no longer sustain new demands and require innovative thinking. The need for a new outlook is propelled by fundamental changes that touch upon environmental, economic and social aspects.The depletion of non-renewable natural resources and climate change are a few of the environmental challenges. Increasing costs of material, labor, land and infrastructure have posed economic challenges with affordability being paramount among them. Social challenges are also drawing the attention of designers, builders and homeowners. Walkable communities, aging in place and multigenerational living are some of the concepts considered. In addition, live-work environments have become part of the economic reality for those who wishto work from home¿which has become possible through digital advances.The text would be of interest to scholars working in: architecture, urban planning, and construction.

This book assesses the processes and outcomes of international urban networks in Europe from 2007 to the present day. Focusing on Greece in particular, it examines 162 municipalities involved in more than 240 European city networks to shed light on the various factors that affect cities¿ capacities to act as international actors. The book demonstrates that the participation of Greek municipalities in European city networks has entailed changes to local political structures, policies and procedures, as well as the strengthening of a ¿European¿ identity and the creation of long-term partnerships. At the same time, these changes have often clashed with bureaucratic traditions and unfavorable economic conditions, which have mitigated the reformatory potential of European city networking. Providing important insights into city diplomacy and Europeanization, the book will appeal to scholars and students of public administration, European integration and political science, as well as professionals and practitioners.

This book, focusing on urban migration and public governance, reviews on the concepts and theories of urban migration and urban governance across the globe and sums up world migration trends and policy changes, coupled with the characteristics and types of Chinäs urban migration. What differs this book from other books is that it probes into the main factors and mechanisms influencing urban migration and inclusion, and that it adopts Shanghai as a sample and capitalizes on Shanghai¿s urban migration data to verify the subjective and objective reasons affecting urban migrants¿ inclusion. Moreover, this book takes a further step to conduct a theoretical reflection from the perspectives of population migration and migration policies and explores current dilemmas facing China in terms of urban migration management and possible ways to make a difference. In the final part, this book puts forward some theory-based and practicable countermeasures to transform urban migration governance inChina.

This textbook deals with the progressive global dissolution of political, economic, and social boundaries, which has significant implications for labor markets, the international division of labor, social security, and income distribution. Politically, it is eroding the sovereign ability of nation-states to shape their own affairs; socially, it conjures up the specter of an increasingly global culture of unity. Against the background of the empirical effects of globalization processes in a number of areas, the book discusses to what extent these fears are justified, whether they cannot also be explained by other developments, and whether the benefits of globalization justify the costs and risks resulting from it.

This book speaks to those interested in topics related to punitiveness and public attitudes to crime and punishment. Punitiveness has been the focus of increasing criminological attention in recent decades. This book extends this focus by taking a multi-disciplinary approach to examining punitiveness in the criminal justice system, the welfare system, and the education system in British society today. In doing so, this study uses new survey data (n=5,781) applying ordinal and linear regression and structural equation modelling to examine the relationship between public punitiveness towards ¿rulebreakers¿ and political values. This is explored through assessing punitive attitudes towards the treatment of i) school pupils who break school rules, ii) towards the treatment of benefit recipients who fail to comply with the rules, and iii) towards people who break the law. It examines the relationship between political attitudes (neo-conservative values, neo-liberal values), nostalgic values (social, economic, and political), and public punitive attitudes towards the three rule-breaking groups. This book¿s appeal may extend to an interdisciplinary audience including welfare, education, and social policy disciplines.

This book analyzes the informal practices of contemporary cities through a close dialogue between different research perspectives, with the shared goal of giving voice to informality and evaluating its benefits and potential in a multidimensional key of social factors. Recently, the human sciences have seen the emergence of this new term ¿informality,¿ at first sight in conflict with their function of giving order and form to social phenomena. A term with which, in this book, the authors, having as reference the Italian and European experience, specifically identify those unsatisfied social demands and those collective actions ¿from below¿ that aim at the recovery of urban space and the renewal of its organization, often not following the trajectories of legality and institutions. By means of a close dialogue between different areas of social research, this book attempts to establish the different declinations and applications of the term, evaluating the causes and effects, benefits, and potential of the phenomena attributable to it, within a multidimensional analysis that calls into question the regeneration and collective use of spaces, political-institutional confrontation and conflict, legal innovation, and social-economic benefits.

Betriebsansiedelungen stehen in Österreich zunehmend in der Kritik. Zwar werden sie als wertvoll und wichtig für die Sicherung des regionalen Wohlstands angesehen, dennoch führen sie oft zu Anwohnerprotesten und -beschwerden. Dieses Buch untersucht, ob sich Betriebsansiedelungen in der Tat negativ auf die Lebensqualität der Anwohner auswirken. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf einer Literaturanalyse, einer qualitativen Expertenbefragung und einer quantitativen Längsschnitterhebung in vier Gemeinden Oberösterreichs. Die bislang weder in der regionalen Wirtschafts- und Standortpolitik noch in der Forschung näher beachteten Bereiche der Umwelt- und Architekturpsychologie sind dabei wichtige Bestandteile der Untersuchung. Die Ergebnisse liefern wertvolle Impulse für eine nachhaltige gewerbliche Standortentwicklung, auch außerhalb Österreichs.

This book provides a critical theoretical framework for understanding the implementation and development of smart cities as innovation drivers, with long-term effects on productivity, livability, and the sustainability of specific initiatives. This framework is based on an empirical analysis of 21 case studies, which include pioneer projects from various regions. It investigates how successful smart city initiatives foster technological innovation by combining regulatory governance and private agency. The typologies of smart city-making approaches are thoroughly examined. This book presents the holistic approach of smart cities, which start from current issue and challenges, advanced technological development, disaster mitigation, ecological perspective, social issue, and urban governance. The book is organized into five major parts, which reflect interconnection between theories and practice. Part one explains the introduction which reflects the diversity andchallenges of the urban commons and its regeneration. Part two covers the current and future situation of urban growth, anglomeration agglomeration, and urban infrastructure. This section includes rethinking urban sprawl: moving towards sustainable cities, drivers of urban growth and infrastructure, urban land use dynamics and urban sprawl and urban infrastructure sustainability and resilience. Part three describes climate crisis, urban health, and waste management. This section includes climate change and health impacts in urban areas, green spaces: an invaluable resource for delivering sustainable urban health, health and wellbeing and quality of life in the changing urban environment, urban climate and pollution¿case study, sustainable urban waste management and urban sustainability and global warming and urban heat Island. Part four covers the ecological perspectives, advanced technology, and social impact for i.e., smart building, ecosystem services, society and future smart cities (SSC). This section includes urban ecosystem services, environmental planning, and city management, artificial intelligence and urban hazards and societal impact, and using geospatial application and urban/smart city energy conservation¿case study. Part five covers urban governance, smart solutions, and sustainable cities. It includes good governance, especially e-governance and citizen participation, urban governance, space and policy planning to achieve sustainability, smart city planning and management and Internet of things (IoT), advances in smart roads for future smart cities, sustainable city planning, innovation, and management, future strategy for sustainable smart cities and lessons from the pandemic: the future of smart cities.

Much has been written about policy efforts to achieve ¿Health in All Policies¿: an ambitious attempt to improve population health and reduce health inequalities by ensuring multiple policy areas are more attuned to their health impacts. However, most accounts focus on technical challenges, such as implementing impact assessments. In contrast, and focusing on the European Union, this book argues that ¿Health in All Policies¿ is essentially a political project shaped by institutional power, competing ideas, and discourses. We can only really understand the failure to realise its ambition through political analysis.

Análisis de política pública, el libro más ampliamente citado sobre la materia, proporciona a los estudiantes una comprehensiva metodología para el análisis de política pública. Parte de la premisa de que el análisis de política pública es una disciplina científico-social aplicada diseñada para solucionar los problemas prácticos que confrontan las organizaciones públicas y las organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro. Esta sexta edición, enteramente revisada, contiene varias actualizaciones importantes:¿ Cada capítulo incluye un estudio de caso de "grandes ideas" completamente nuevo en análisis de política pública para estimular el interés del estudiante en problemas apropiados e importantes.¿ El capítulo dedicado a la política pública basada en la evidencia y al papel de los experimentos de campo ha sido reescrito y ampliado en su integridad.¿ Se han agregado nuevas secciones sobre desarrollos importantes en el campo, incluidos el uso de evidencia científica en la factura de la política pública, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y "big data".¿ Se incluyen conjuntos de datos en línea para aplicar técnicas analíticas como archivos IBM SPSS 23.0, que son convertibles a los programas estadísticos Excel, Stata y R con el fin de que sirvan a una variedad de necesidades de cursos y estilos de enseñanza.¿ Se incluyen filminas enteramente nuevas en PowerPoint para facilitar el trabajo del instructor mejor que antes.Diseñado para que estudiantes con distintos antecedentes académicos realicen análisis por cuenta propia, sin el requerimiento de conocimientos en microeconomía, Análisis de política pública, sexta edición, ayuda a los estudiantes a desarrollar las habilidades prácticas necesarias para comunicar hallazgos a través de memos, documentos de posición y otras formas de escritura analítica estructurada. El texto involucra a los estudiantes desafiándolos a analizar críticamente los argumentos de profesionales de la política pública así como los de politólogos, economistas y filósofos de la política.

Daniel Defoe's A Journal of the Plague Year has taken on a new relevance with the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic. Through an exploration of two chronologically distant societies in crisis, this study compares the attitudes, beliefs, and conduct of the public portrayed in the book and those in our own embattled Covid era. There are interesting similarities to note, with equivalents to the Covid-deniers and the anti-vaxxers to be found in Defoe's bleak vision of London in the 1660s as it descends into a state of chaos. JPY offers us some uncomfortable truths about human nature that resonate strongly in our own times, revealing how responding to a pandemic can bring out both the best and the worst in our character as we face up to a world where the old certainties no longer seem to apply. Pandemics expose the fault-lines in ideology, putting the social contract at risk - the question they pose is whether we can continue to rely on our current socio-political set-up or whether it requires a radical rethink. There is a pressing need for more debate on this issue, and this project is designed to make a case for that.

This volume is a collection of original essays prepared by colleagues, collaborators, and former students on the occasion of Helmut K. Anheier¿s 65th birthday and retirement from the University of Heidelberg. An internationally recognized pioneer of nonprofit and civil society studies, Anheier focused his work on providing clarity around (1) civil society, local and global, observing its origins and trajectory and developing theories to explain it; (2) the nonprofit sector and institutions within and extending from it, including nonprofit organizations, philanthropy and social investment; and (3) culture as it relates to democracy and back to civil society. The essays in this volume refer to these concepts and position them in the context of developments over the last two to three decades. The volume is arranged in three sections. The first section comprises essays that elucidate concepts and probe theories in the field. The second section presents chapters discussing current global challenges and trends in the focal areas. The third and final section then comprises country and regional case studies illustrating important aspects of the global challenges or theoretical issues of the two preceding sections.A fascinating and up-to-date overview of key issues and trends in civil society and nonprofit research by an international collection of eminent scholars in these fields, this book will be attractive to civil society and nonprofit sector researchers as well as a broader academic community of political scientists, sociologists, economists, and cultural experts.

"This book looks at the political career of Dwight D. Eisenhower (1952-1961), including his decision to run for president, his 'Middle Way' political philosophy, his 'New Look' national security policy, the 'domino theory' and the French Indochina War, McCarthyism, the Little Rock desegregation crisis, the Sputnik crisis, and the Farewell Address"--

This book analyses theoretically and empirically why some single mothers are less disadvantaged than others. It argues that single parenthood is associated with different risks, depending on the stage in the life course at which it is experienced and on the institutional protection provided at the respective stage of the life course.

This book reflects the reality of most taxpayers. It provides a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of optimal tax issues from a household economics perspective. A unified and integrated approach is employed to analyze optimal taxation in a homogeneous way.The author adopts a household production approach to allow a critical understanding of the way tax policy impacts economic agents. This way home activities can be studied with the same toolbox normally employed for the market activities. This is motivated by the fact that in reality most agents act from within a family, and their interaction with the economy at large and tax policy in particular is mediated by the interdependence of the family members¿ choices, although taxation is typically studied in a framework in which the economic agents are isolated individuals. The aim of the book is to provide, a comprehensive treatment of family taxation whithin this approach, focusing on the normativeside ¿ social welfare maximising taxation.As a consequence of the book's analysis, many important and established results in public economics may have to be revised. The book will be useful to both graduate students and researchers alike in that it adopts a rigorous analytical language but also includes ample intuitive explanations.

This book explores how prison life is normalized in different countries, with a critical and detailed look at ¿Scandinavian exceptionalism¿ ¿ the idea that Scandinavian prisons have exceptionally humane conditions ¿ and compares these prisons to ones in Belgium. It provides a more nuanced, systematic and contextualized comparison of normalization in two countries. Through analyzing policy and legislative documents, participant observation and interviews, it seeks to understand how normalization is implemented differently in prison legislation, policies and practices and compares the two societies for context. It also considers the material prison environment, security, the social environment and the use of time in prison. It provides insights into how normalization can be successfully and holistically implemented in both policy and practice, to contribute to a more ¿pure¿ form of liberty deprivation as punishment without too many unintended effects.

This book analyzes how quality of life research results can be transferred to policy making, and considers the role of actors in this process---researchers, policy makers, and citizens---as well as their interrelationships. This book points to the need to include actors other than the state in public policy-making related to quality of life and well-being issues, in defining problems and formulating alternatives. It identifies obstacles and facilitators in the process and offers a review of different types of aid that affect well-being and quality of life. Finally, it shows possible pathways for various stakeholders in policy-making to interact with one another in the building of good societies.

This book aims to explore how sustainability transitions can be explored in current and future cities and how research and policy approaches can be applied to change urban life as we know it, hence aligning the two thematic of urban science and future science, for achieving deep decarbonization. On this, the discourse on philosophy, ethics, and morality appertaining to sustainable cities and urban transitions, across disciplines, are also welcomed as it provides a deeper understanding of humanity in future scenarios.Chapter 08 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Australia's federal system is in a state of flux and its relevance is being challenged. Dramatic shifts are occurring in the ways in which power and responsibility are shared between governments.

This contributed volume analyzes flooding scenarios in Brazilian cities using a geographic and spatiotemporal approach to explore impacts and ways to mitigate future disasters. The problem of urban flooding is growing in Brazilian cities due to the increasing number of natural disasters in the context of global climate change; this is a topic that poses challenges to urban planners and academics. Through three sections, this volume offers theoretical-conceptual, methodological and technical case studies, as well as cases that explore urban socio-environmental problems associated with flooding. Throughout the book, the concepts of risk, vulnerability and adaptation are used to explore future flood scenarios in Brazil.The integrated vision offered in this volume covers the floods themselves, evaluation of flood impacts, and the management process before, during, and after the flood event. The case studies presented here elucidate the concept of comprehensive urban flood management, offering a technical and diagnostic basis for the problem in different cities in Brazil. The present and future challenges presented by these chapters offer widely-transferable lessons that can be applied to making cities around the world more sustainable and disaster-resilient.

This book explores the advantages of a linear model of planning in reducing regional inequalities. Linear planning, commonly discussed in the past as a method which plans the development of the city, is completely redefined here in the form of a design approach inspired by projects shaped by linear routes, such as cycle or walking paths. Such concept is applied to the urgent topic of territorial marginality which specifically neglects rural and mountainous areas and recently is coped by European and National policies. The analysis of these policies demonstrates the necessity of alternative strategies equipped to deal with both the internal and external causes that determine the critical conditions in these fragile environments. By implementing the concept of linear planning in these contexts, this book proposes to enlarge the perspective of traditional policies contrasting the regional inequalities that usually determine the design of projects just within the boundaries of the marginal areas. Cycle and walking paths are experimental cases of linear planning as they have not been influenced or formed by political boundaries and therefore are able to equally involve both the central and marginal zones. This book presents a review of current issues such as regional inequalities, with attention to their related policies, as well as an analysis of the concept of linear planning as seen through the study of one of the most famous cases of a walking path¿the Way of St. James in Spain.

This book presents an overview of social problems and health problems that arose out of, or were flared up by, the global COVID-19 pandemic. It addresses most vital problems in developed and developing countries from literally around the world, by top country experts in their respective fields of study. The book debates first certain overall thematic topics and then analyzes a number of key country case studies. Apart from a set of key theme/problem-based chapters, the country case studies from major-hit countries in the world are yet another highlight of the book. They also feature, in addition to analyzing the pandemic and policy responses per se, one extra special focal point each. The book hence covers the core of most severe social problems, including health problems, that have been spurred or set off by the COVID-19 pandemic. An overall theory chapter that uses a global data analysis and a short theoretical appraisal on the 'human face' of the Pandemic is also offered at the beginning of book, to bring back humanity and human decency (i.e. decency of the human condition) into the scientific debate as well as policy making arena, which is utterly needed at this point of human development.

How the city's marginalized communities have historically used sports as a tool for resilience and resistanceTo cities, sports have never been just entertainment. Progressive urbanites across the United States have used athletics to address persistent problems in city life: the fights for racial justice, workers' rights, equality for women and LGBTQ+ city dwellers, and environmental conservation. In Seattle, sports initiatives have powered meaningful reforms, such as popular stadium projects that promoted investments in public housing and mass transit. At the same time, conservative forces also used sports to consolidate their power and mobilize against the civic good. In Heartbreak City Shaun Scott takes the reader through 170 years of Seattle history, chronicling both well-known and long-forgotten events, like the establishment of racially segregated golf courses and neighborhoods in the regressive 1920s and the 1987 Seahawks players' strike that galvanized organized labor. At every step of the journey, he uncovers how sports have both united Seattle in pursuit of triumph and revealed its most profound political divides. Deep archival research and analysis combine in this people's history of a great American city's quest to become even greater-if only it could get out of its own way.Heartbreak City was made possible in part by a grant from 4Culture's Heritage Program.A Michael J. Repass Book

Urban expansion beyond the city¿s administrative boundaries has altered villages to a great extent. These peri-urban villages are experiencing unforeseen changes in demographic, economic, land-use, and environmental characteristics. The concept of peri-urbanization is grabbing the attention of urban planners and policymakers globally. To understand the dynamics of the peri-urban region it is crucial to examine multiple rural and urban characteristics. This book studies major changes in population, land and development with the integration of remotely sensed data and census data for 615 peri-urban villages surrounding Ahmedabad city of India. The chapters of the book are designed to cover key aspects of peri-urban change with geospatial methods. This book offers a comprehensive understanding and importance of analyzing peri-urban dynamics at the smallest spatial unit. It provides a detailed conceptual and methodological framework for the students and researchers to study peri-urbanization as well as for the policymakers to redefine the urban policies.

Unter Schlagworten wie "Armutszuwanderung aus Südosteuropa" entwickelte sich verstärkt seit 2013 ein politischer Abwehrdiskurs in Bezug auf die EU-Binnenmigration aus Rumänien und Bulgarien in deutsche Großstädte. In diesem Buch gehen die Autoren anhand einer Einzelfallstudie der Frage nach, wie dieser Diskurs die kommunale Praxis in einer westdeutschen Großstadt strukturierte. Durch umfangreiche empirische Erhebungen konnten sie einen Prozess des institutionellen Antiziganismus rekonstruieren, in dessen Zuge die Diskriminierung von sogenannten "Armutszuwanderern" ¿ ein verwaltungssprachliches Substitut für das Stigma "Roma" ¿ sukzessive ausgeweitet wurde. Dieser Prozess besteht aus wechselseitig sich verstärkenden Grenzziehungs- und Ausschlusspraktiken, die aus Geschichte und Gegenwart des Antiziganismus bestens bekannt sind und an die Tradition kommunaler Gefahrenabwehr anknüpfen.