Kemiske og biologiske våben

Cassidy's Run is the riveting story of one of the best-kept secrets of the Cold War—an espionage operation mounted by Washington against the Soviet Union that ran for twenty-three years. At the highest levels of the government, its code name was Operation shocker.Lured by a double agent working for the United States, ten Russian spies, including a professor at the University of Minnesota, his wife, and a classic "sleeper" spy in New York City, were sent by Moscow to penetrate America's secrets. Two FBI agents were killed, and secret formulas were passed to the Russians in a dangerous ploy that could have spurred Moscow to create the world's most powerful nerve gas.Cassidy's Run tells this extraordinary true story for the first time, following a trail that leads from Washington to Moscow, with detours to Florida, Minnesota, and Mexico. Based on documents secret until now and scores of interviews in the United States and Russia, the book reveals that: ¿ more than 4,500 pages of classified documents, including U.S. nerve gas formulas, were passed to the Soviet Union in exchange for hundreds of thousands of dollars ¿ an "Armageddon code," a telephone call to a number in New York City, was to alert the sleeper spy to an impending nuclear attack—a warning he would transmit to the Soviets by radio signal from atop a rock in Central Park ¿ two FBI agents were killed when their plane crashed during surveillance of one of the Soviet spies as he headed for the Canadian border ¿ secret "drops" for microdots were set up by Moscow from New York to Florida to WashingtonMore than a cloak-and-dagger tale, Cassidy's Run is the spellbinding story of one ordinary man, Sergeant Joe Cassidy, not trained as a spy, who suddenly found himself the FBI's secret weapon in a dangerous clandestine war.ADVANCE PRAISE FOR CASSIDY'S RUN"Cassidy's Run shows, once again, that few writers know the ins and outs of the spy game like David Wise. . . his research is meticulous in this true story of espionage that reads like a thriller."—Dan Rather"The Master hsa done it again. David Wise, the best observer and chronicler of spies there is, has told another gripping story. This one comes from the cold war combat over nerve gas and is spookier than ever because it's all true."—Jim Lehrer

Chemical processing stands at the heart of numerous industries, from pharmaceuticals to manufacturing, and its significance cannot be overstated. The intricate dance of elements, compounds, and reactions is both a marvel and a challenge. Safety within this realm isn't merely an added precaution; it is an absolute necessity. This book endeavors to encapsulate the essence of chemical processing while placing paramount importance on safety protocols. Within these pages, readers will embark on a journey that explores the fundamental principles of chemical processing intricately interwoven with the indispensable practices and measures ensuring the well-being of both professionals and the environment.The foundation of this book lies in the belief that knowledge forms the bedrock of safety. As such, it aims not only to provide comprehensive insights into the chemical processes themselves but also to instill a deep understanding of safety methodologies. By delving into real-world scenarios, case studies, and best practices, this book endeavors to equip readers with the tools necessary to navigate the complex landscape of chemical processing while safeguarding against potential hazards. Ultimately, the goal is to empower individuals within the field with a holistic approach that harmonizes efficiency with a steadfast commitment to safety.

Cyclodextrins in Chemical Sensing: From Alcohols to Anabolic SteroidsAre you ready to embark on a captivating journey through the world of cutting-edge chemical sensing? Our book, "Cyclodextrins in Chemical Sensing: From Alcohols to Anabolic Steroids," delves into the remarkable realm of molecular detection, offering an insightful exploration of the latest advancements in the field. Dive into the pages of this innovative masterpiece and discover the power of cyclodextrins in transforming the way we identify and differentiate aliphatic alcohols and anabolic steroids.Unveiling the Essence of "Cyclodextrins in Chemical Sensing"This book is your gateway to a realm of scientific marvels. Here's what you can expect:Precise Detection of Aliphatic AlcoholsIn the opening chapters, we unveil the secrets behind the precise and selective detection of aliphatic alcohols. The preface sets the stage by introducing a revolutionary approach that employs a ¿-cyclodextrin derivative to facilitate proximity-induced interactions between aliphatic alcohol analytes and vibrant organic dyes. The result? Highly analyte-specific color changes that enable impeccable alcohol identification, with a staggering 100% differentiation between methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. Key highlights:Tackling Illegal Doping ScandalsChapter 2 of our book takes you on an enthralling journey into the world of illegal doping scandals and the detection of anabolic steroids. Drawing inspiration from the success of the alcohol detection system, we explore cyclodextrin-based systems. These systems revolutionize the identification of anabolic steroids by combining target analytes with high quantum yield fluorophores, resulting in analyte-specific changes in fluorophore emission signals. Promising results abound as ¿-cyclodextrin derivatives and Rhodamine 6G take center stage in this high-stakes game of detection.Key highlights:The Path ForwardOur book doesn't just stop at unveiling these remarkable breakthroughs; it also paves the way for the future of chemical sensing. We're committed to improving detection limits, enhancing reproducibility, and transitioning to solid-state detection systems. The journey is far from over, and "Cyclodextrins in Chemical Sensing" is your guide to staying at the forefront of this evolving field.Why You Should Read "Cyclodextrins in Chemical Sensing"Ready to immerse yourself in the realm of cyclodextrins, aliphatic alcohols, and anabolic steroids? Join us on this scientific odyssey and equip yourself with knowledge that will leave you at the forefront of chemical sensing. "Cyclodextrins in Chemical Sensing" awaits your exploration.

Organocatalysis is a promising field of research that has led to the development of many efficient and eco-friendly synthetic methods. Among the different applications of organocatalysis, spirocyclic assembly is of particular interest, as spirocyclic compounds are an important class of organic molecules with a wide range of biological and pharmaceutical activities. The Tamura reaction and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition are two organocatalytic reactions that have been extensively used for spirocyclic assembly. Electron deficient alkenes are commonly used in these reactions, as they can undergo cycloaddition reactions with dipolarophiles to form a range of spirocyclic compounds. The use of organic catalysts in these reactions has many advantages over traditional metal-based catalysts, including low toxicity, low cost, and easy handling. In addition, organocatalysts can offer high enantioselectivity in many cases, which is crucial in the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Organocatalytic spirocyclic assembly involves the use of various chemical reactions, including Michael addition, acylation, alkylation, Mannich reaction, aldol reaction, Robinson annulation, and many others. The reaction conditions, catalysts, and substrates can all be optimized to achieve high yields and selectivity. The use of chiral organocatalysts can also lead to the synthesis of enantiomerically pure spirocyclic compounds. Lewis base and Brønsted base catalysis are the two main types of organocatalysis used in spirocyclic assembly. Both types of catalysis can offer unique advantages depending on the reaction conditions and substrates used. Moreover, the mechanism of organocatalytic reactions can be elucidated by various techniques, such as NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and kinetic studies. The development of efficient and green methods for spirocyclic assembly is an important area of research, as it can lead to the synthesis of novel and biologically active compounds. Organocatalysis is a promising field in this regard, as it offers many advantages over traditional metal-based catalysis. Furthermore, the use of organocatalysts can lead to the development of new reactions and the modification of existing ones, thus expanding the toolbox of synthetic methods available to organic chemists. The work of RaviKiran Donthi and his colleagues in this field is an important contribution to the ongoing efforts to develop efficient and eco-friendly methods for spirocyclic assembly.

The Official U.S. Army Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Operations Field Manual is the newest edition of this critical U.S. Army field manual about the nuclear, chemical, and biological threats to our military members and civilians and covering a soldier's-or an...

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

WINNER OF THE PULITZER PRIZEThe first full account of how the Cold War arms race finally came to a close, this riveting narrative history sheds new light on the people who struggled to end this era of massive overkill, and examines the legacy of the nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons that remain a threat today. Drawing on memoirs, interviews in both Russia and the US, and classified documents from deep inside the Kremlin, David E. Hoffman examines the inner motives and secret decisions of each side and details the deadly stockpiles that remained unsecured as the Soviet Union collapsed. This is the fascinating story of how Reagan, Gorbachev, and a previously unheralded collection of scientists, soldiers, diplomats, and spies changed the course of history.

In the 21st century, biosecurity has become a central part of any global policy-making agenda. With the rapid advancement of the life sciences, nanotechnology and biotechnology comes certain challenges for the scientific community and policy makers. With the potential threat of biological weapons proliferation and bioterrorism, there is a critical need for constructing a solid global governance system that is capable of addressing the complexity and multiplicity of the topics related to various aspects of biosecurity. This book outlines a new biosecurity governance model that is integrative, network-based, flexible, open, cross-cultural, transparent, and multi-disciplinary. The model emphasises the need to engage a wide variety of actors ranging from governments and non-profit organisations to private industry, science, and academia. This publication adds an up-to-date perspective and comprehensive guide to any personal or institutional library.