Krigsforbrydelser

Russerne fyldte en fredelig forstads gader med død. Her er de overlevendes historie.Den aldrende bedstefar kravlede forsigtigt frem og mærkede efter i lommerne. De fire håndgranater lå klar.Ude på vejen hørte han de russiske kampvogne køre forbi. Han kiggede forsigtigt over hegnet og affyrede sin eneste anti-tank raket. Lige bagefter kastede han også sine håndgranater mod kolonnen, men stoppede, da han kom til den sidste. ”Den her gemmer jeg til mig selv,” tænkte han.Bedstefaren Valentins kamp mod russerne var startskuddet på Ruslands besættelse af Butja - en ellers fredelige forstad til Kyiv. Da den ukrainske hær generobrede Butja fandt grufulde videoer vej til mediernes sendeflader. Verden blev vidne til massakren på Æblevej og andre gader i Butja. Det flød med lig, og flere hundrede civile var blevet dræbt af russiske soldater i blodrus. Kvinder var blevet voldtaget. Mød skæbnerne, som blev fanget i den massakre, der vendte op og ned på Vestens forståelse af Vladimir Putins krig imod Ukraine. De overlevende fortæller hele historien om den månedlange besættelse. Om vold og overgreb. Om død og tilfældighed. Om håb og befrielse.

"A study of the stalled/non-existent process of legally reckoning with the 1965 state-sponsored genocide in Indonesia"--

Das Gebiet der heutigen Ukraine gehörte zu den zentralen Tatorten der deutschen Besatzungsverbrechen und des Holocaust. Im September 1941 richteten die Deutschen dort das Reichskommissariat Ukraine ein, das zum Zeitpunkt seiner größten Ausdehnung aus Teilen des damaligen Ostpolens sowie der Sowjetrepubliken Belarus und Ukraine bestand. Zur Jahreswende 1941/42 ließ das Reichssicherheitshauptamt dort auch stationäre Dienststellen der Kommandeure der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD aufbauen. Sie führten weitgehend die verbrecherische Tätigkeit der sogenannten Einsatzgruppen fort, die weiter nach Osten vorstießen. Doch mit einem Unterschied: Sie waren gekommen, um zu bleiben und die Dystopie eines deutsch-dominierten Osteuropas in die Praxis umzusetzen. In der Folge erschossen die Angehörigen dieser Dienststellen unzählige als Juden und Roma verfolgte Menschen und Kriegsgefangene, errichteten ein eigenes Lagersystem, verfolgten den Widerstand, richteten eine einheimische Kriminalpolizei ein und nahmen aktiv Einfluss auf die Kirchenpolitik. Die Studie untersucht erstmals die Geschichte und das Personal der Dienststellen im Reichskommissariat Ukraine und wirft damit auch neues Licht auf die Praxis der Besatzung und den Holocaust.

"In The Peace, Româeo Dallaire shows us the face of war through the prism of his own life in the military. His has been the journey of a man raised as a Cold Warrior, who became a New World Order warrior after the Berlin Wall fell. That man believed in the mandate of the UN to reinforce peace in Rwanda in 1994, only to see his mission collapse and the country descend into the hell of genocide. The battered, tortured person who emerged from that catastrophe grew determined to become a warrior who now fought against the new world disorder--to prevent genocide, to find ways to intervene in conflicts in defence of humanity. Dallaire helped craft doctrines called the "will to intervene" and "the right to protect," and then witnessed those initiatives fail to be deployed because of the same old power politics, national self-interest and general indifference that allowed the Rwandan genocide to unfold. Now in his final act, Dallaire has become a warrior working towards a better future in which those old paradigms are cracked. In The Peace he names all the things that undermine true peace and security because they reinforce the dangerous, self-interested belief that "balance" of power is the best we can do. Too often we settle for a definition of "at peace" that means we are content to stand by when the bombs are falling elsewhere because we ourselves are not under attack. Drawing on his own experience and witness, Dallaire shows us a path to what he calls "the peace," a state where, above all else, humanity values the ties that bind us and the planet together--and acts accordingly. The Peace is the cri de coeur of a warrior who has been to hell and back, and hopes to guide us to a better place."--

"Battle Studies: Ancient and Modern Battle" is a seminal military history book written by Charles Ardant du Picq, a colonel in the French Army who was killed in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. The book is divided into two main parts. In the first part, Ardant du Picq discusses the psychological and emotional aspects of warfare, such as courage, fear, and morale. The second part of the book examines the tactics and organization of ancient armies, with a focus on the Roman legions. Ardant du Picq draws on his extensive knowledge of ancient history to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of different types of units, such as infantry and cavalry, and to offer insights into the tactics and strategies that were most effective in ancient warfare. The final section of the book focuses on modern warfare and the challenges faced by modern armies. Moreover, "Battle Studies: Ancient and Modern Battle" is a highly influential work that offers valuable insights into the nature of warfare and the factors that contribute to success or failure in battle.

Pioneering study of the role of the Christian churches in the Rwandan genocide of the Tutsi; a key work for historians, memory studies scholars, religion scholars and Africanists.

"This by turns shattering and hope-giving account of prisoners who dug their way out of torture and bondage by the Nazis is both a stunning escape narrative and an object lesson in how we remember and continually forget the particulars of the Holocaust. No Road Leading Back is the remarkable story of a dozen prisoners who escaped from the pits where more than 70,000 Jews were shot in the Lithuanian forest after the Nazi invasion of Eastern Europe in 1941, and where they were forced participants in the equally horrific aftermath: anxious to hide the incriminating evidence of the murders, the S.S. enslaved a group of Jews to exhume every one of the bodies and incinerate them all in a months-long labor-an episode whose specifics are staggering and disturbing, even within the context of the Holocaust. From within that dire circumstance emerges the improbable escape made by some of the men who were part of this "burning brigade." They dug a tunnel with bare hands and spoons while they were trapped and guarded day and night-an act not just of great bravery and desperation but of awesome imagination. Based on first-person accounts of the escapees and on each scrap of evidence that has been documented, repressed, or amplified since, this book resurrects their lives and their acts of witness, as well as providing a complex, urgent analysis of why their story has rarely been told, and never accurately. Heath explores the cultural use and misuse of Holocaust testimony and the need for us to face it-and all uncomfortable historical truths-with honesty and accuracy"--

«Multidisciplinary and comparative, Camps of Transit, Sites of Memory brings new materials and approaches to the study of Fascist, wartime and postwar concentration and transit camps in Italy, as well as their legacies. An essential volume for the continuing study of this complex subject.»(Professor Mia Fuller, University of California, Berkeley)Camps and places of transit assume relevance in certain contexts and in relation to specific events of the contemporary age: from genocide to voluntary or forced migration, from camps for prisoners of war to the management of refugees in conflicts or catastrophes. In the phases of transition to normality that follow such events, places of transit can be used for different, sometimes opposing purposes, such as the control and/or elimination of certain social groups, or as the protection of persons for humanitarian aims.This volume investigates the relationship between camps and places of transit from three main perspectives: the history of transit camps in various countries and times; the relationship between such spaces, whose architectural characterization is fragile and difficult to recognize, and the great memorial and symbolic relevance of them; and, finally, the concepts of transit and camp, and changes in the meaning of such places and the memorial and educational practices related to them.With contributions by Antonis Antoniou, John R. Barruzza, Chiara Becattini, Vando Borghi, Matteo Cassani Simonetti, Francesco Delizia, Robert S. C. Gordon, Ivano Gorzanelli, Hans-Christian Jasch, Borbála Klacsmann, Andrea Luccaroni, Marco Minardi, Roberta Mira, Elena Pirazzoli, Francesca Rolandi, Laurence Schram, Claudio Sgarbi, Andrea Ugolini and Riki Van Boeschoten.

Der zivile "Schachtmeister" Paul Marek wurde von dem französischen Militärtribunal in Rastatt als Kriegsverbrecher zum Tode verurteilt. Nur durch das couragierte Plädoyer seiner Verteidigerin wurde die Todesstrafe in 20 Jahre Haft mit Zwangsarbeit umgewandelt. Diese Freiheitsstrafe verbüßte Marek in der JVA Wittlich, dem sogenannten "Kriegsverbrechergefängnis".

Blev loven som de mandlige landssvigere dømtes efter reelt mildnet i 1946, eller var det en skrøne? Påvirkede dødsdommene og henrettelserne ved krigsforbryderdomstolen i Nürnberg de danske medier? I dette andet bind, om de danske avisers håndtering af de dømte mandlige landssvigere, ser vi på nogle af de 7.000 domme der faldt i 1946. Med straffe fra 30 dages hæfte til fængsel på livstid var spændvidden i dommene stor. Og så var der lige dødsdommene. Vi ser på den til tider aggressive debat mellem tilhængerne og modstanderne af retsopgøret, hvor der fremkom udtalelser som ”Gudskelov for Scavenius” eller ”Han blev desværre ikke likvideret”.

The Last Ghetto is a social and cultural history of Terezín, or Theresienstadt, a transit ghetto for Central and Western European Jews prior to their deportation for murder in the East. It offers the first analytical case study of a Holocaust victim society that explains human behavior in extremis, and demonstrates how prisoners created new social hierarchies, reshaped their conceptions of family, and developed new loyalties. Based on extensive research in archives around the world and empathetic reading of victim testimonies, this history of everyday life in a prisoner society reveals the many forms of agency and adaptation in Nazi concentration camps and ghettos.

This book from 1940, translated here into English, is the story of a survivor of the September 1939 Death March of Lowicz. The events recounted here stand symbolically for the experiences of any and all of the many thousands of ethnic German victims of Polish persecution before and at the beginning of World War Two.Erhard Wittek's book is no doubt one of the most moving accounts of this tragedy ever written. What you will see in these pages are not only the unfathomable depths that human beings can sink to, but also composure and greatness of soul in the face of a fate worse than death.

Genocidal Conscription examines how some states have employed mandatory military service as a tool to capture and kill the victims of genocide by recruiting the perpetrators from other minorities, and shifting blame away from the state. The book highlights several unique intersections that connect military history, Holocaust studies, and genocide. The study details an original framework that encompasses intentions and outcomes of wartime casualties, Clausewitzian wastage, and genocidal massacres. Christopher Harrison traces and compares how two genocidal regimes at war - the Ottoman Empire during World War One and Axis-era Hungary in World War Two - implemented certain policies of military service to capture and destroy their targets amidst the carnage of modern warfare. Following this historical comparative study, the author then summarizes relevant implications and ongoing concerns. The conclusion includes insights into conscription by contemporary authoritarian regimes. By examining these histories and crises, the book suggests that several states are at risk of carrying out genocidal conscription today. While difficult and unlikely, due to political disincentives, the implication of this analysis considers reforms which may prevent states from repeating similar policies and actions again.

Invasionen af Ukraine rejser endnu engang spørgsmålet om, hvad det vil sige at være sikker. Kan ’sikkerhed’ løsrives fra klasser, magtrelationer, ulighed, udbytning og de klimaforandringer, der på diabolsk facon opsummerer hele den kapitalistiske verdensorden, der nu er i opbrud? Den vestlige kapitalistiske verdensordens opretholdelse først og fremmest af NATO, men NATO-landene har i årenes løb givet sig selv mandat til at udvide operationsområdet, både kvantitativt- geografisk (Afrika, Mellemøsten, Det indiske Ocean, Stillehavet) og nu også kvalitativt i form af klimaforandringerne og de folkevandringer, de vil give anledning til – ofrene bliver til sikkerhedsproblemer.Der hersker på den europæiske venstrefløj efter Ruslands invasion af Ukraine endog meget modstridende opfattelser af den sikkerhedspolitiske udvikling i Europa efter Murens fald og dermed også af Ukraine-krigens karakter. Redaktionen af denne bog er ingen undtagelse, men vi forsøger at redegøre for det, vi opfatter som to hovedsynspunkter under overskrifterne ’Ukraine har ret til selvbestemmelse og til at forsvare sig’ og ’Stop krigen omgående’.Fordi bogen forsøger at give et i videste forstand ’dansk’ perspektiv, så har Rigsfællesskabet naturligvis en fremtrædende plads for alle tre rigsdele har strategisk betydning, og hvor især Grønlands betydning har ændret sig.Invasionen af Ukraine har stillet venstrefløjen overfor spørgsmål, den ikke kan undgå at svare på: Hvordan ser det venstreorienterede og socialistiske bud på en troværdig sikkerhedspolitik ud? Denne bog kan ikke give færdige svar, men kan forhåbentligt med sine bud på en sikkerhedspolitik, sine faktuelle oplysninger og sin dokumentation kvalificere den nødvendige debat og eftertanke på venstrefløjen.

'In Detective Eddie Giral, Chris Lloyd has created a flawed hero not just for occupied Paris, but for our own times, too' KATHERINE STANSFIELDParis, 1940. As the city adjusts to life under Nazi occupation, Detective Eddie Giral struggles to reconcile his job as a policeman with his new role enforcing a regime he cannot believe in but must work under. He's sacrificed so much in order to survive in this new world, but the past is not so easily forgotten. When an old friend and an old flame reappear, begging for his help, Eddie must decide how far he will go to help those he loves. He can remain a good man and do nothing, or risk it all in a desperate act of resistance...Praise for Chris Lloyd and Detective Eddie Giral:'Terrific' SUNDAY TIMES'A gripping murder mystery and a vivid recreation of Paris under German Occupation' ANDREW TAYLOR'A thoughtful, haunting thriller' MICK HERRON'Sharp and compelling' THE SUN

"The first history of the United States told from the perspective of indigenous peoples"--

The UN outlawed genocide in 1948, and the United States launched a war on terror in 2001; yet still today, neither genocide nor terrorism shows any sign of abating. This book explains why those efforts have fallen short and identifies policies that can prevent such carnage. The key is getting the causation analysis right. Conventional wisdom emphasizes ancient hatreds, poverty, and the impact of Western colonialism as drivers of mass violence. But far more important is the inciting power of mass, ideological hate propaganda: this is what activates the drive to commit mass atrocities, and creates the multitude of perpetrators needed to conduct a genocide or sustain a terror campaign. A secondary causal factor is illiberal, dualistic political culture: this is the breeding ground for the extremist, ';us-vs-them' ideologies that always precipitate episodes of mass hate incitement. A two-tiered policy response naturally follows from this analysis: in the short term, several targeted interventions to curtail outbreaks of such incitement; and in the long term, support for indigenous agents of liberalization in venues most at risk for ideologically-driven violence.

The collapse of the USSR was relatively bloodless. The Chechen wars were not. A tiny nation on the edge of Russia, Chechnya brought one of the largest armies in the world to its knees. Trauma and Truth examines significant works about these wars by some of Russia's leading contemporary war authors, including Anna Politkovskaya, Arkady Babchenko, and Zakhar Prilepin. Combining close reading of the texts with descriptions of the authors' social and political activities and suggestions on how to teach these challenging authors and texts, Trauma and Truth traces the psychological effects of the wars on their participants, and concludes with a discussion of what this means for Russia today.

One of the many military events not widely recalled each year is the Kibeho Massacre, where a massacre of over 10,000 Internally Displaced Persons occurred, twelve months after the Rwandan genocide which saw upwards of 1,000,000 slaughtered.The Australian contingent that was on the ground at the time comprised a miniscule number of professionals when accounting for the overall number of 120,000 IDPs situated in the camp at Kibeho: for those that can recall, it was here that the Virgin Mary did appear, and in 2001 Kibeho was added to the list of approved Marian apparition sites.What you read here is based on actual events, occurring between April 17th and May 9th, 1995.During the deployment of Australian Infantry to Rwanda, whose main task was to provide security for the contingent, many a variety of task was met: carrying stretchers through the AUSMED hospital, escorting dental technicians, medics, and other specialised personnel through the winding hills of this land-locked country, and conducting security pickets on key installations to which were their sole responsibility. They never expected to be confronted by the slaughter of more than 10,000 men, women, children and babies. The basic infantryman was trained and prepared more for a situation as that presented by Vietnam, scaled down versions of the Falkland War and Somalia, or even a prolonged campaign against highly trained foes. But in Rwanda... no one could fathom that their worst nightmare may actually bear its rancid fruit of toxicity.

Landschaften wie Galizien, Bessarabien, Podolien oder die Bukowina finden sich heute auf keiner Landkarte mehr. Dort, im Osten Europas, in einem Gürtel zwischen Baltikum und Schwarzem Meer, lebte einst die Mehrheit der europäischen Juden. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurden sie von den deutschen Besatzern und ihren Helfern nahezu vollständig ermordet. Polen, die drei baltischen Länder, Belarus, die Ukraine, Moldawien - die Geschichte Osteuropas ist auch eine lange Geschichte nach Unabhängigkeit strebender Völker und fortgesetzter Versuche von Imperien, sie sich untertan zu machen. Der Angriffskrieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine hat das schmerzhaft in Erinnerung gerufen. Diese Region sich überschneidender imperialer Interessen war jahrhundertelang das Kerngebiet des europäischen Judentums. Immer wieder Verfolgungen ausgesetzt, hat hier jüdisches Leben einen prägenden Beitrag zur Entwicklung nicht nur der östlichen Hälfte des Kontinents geleistet, ehe es mit dem deutschen Überfall im Zweiten Weltkrieg fast vollständig vernichtet wurde. Doch seine Spuren sind noch immer zu finden, und seit dem Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion kann auch wieder offen über sie gesprochen werden.Der Kölner Fotograf und Blogger Christian Herrmann ist solchen Spuren in zahlreichen Reisen nachgegangen. Was er vorgefunden hat, sind zahllose verwilderte Friedhöfe, zerstörte oder zweckentfremdete Synagogen, Spuren von Haussegen an den Türrahmen - aber auch Anzeichen dafür, dass das jüdische Erbe allmählich seinen Platz in den neuen nationalen Narrativen findet.Mit Beiträgen von Samuel D. Gruber und Rolf Sachsse.

"In the year 2019 Rwanda marked twenty-five years after the genocide against the Tutsi. Sadly, Catholic priests and nuns were complicit - or even participated in the killing of an estimated 800,000 ethnic Tutsis. Thousands of people were slaughtered in Catholic Churches where they took refuge. For example, 5000 people are estimated to have been killed at the Ntarama Catholic Church in August 1994. In March of 2017, Pope Francis issued an apology, remarking that "the sins and failings of the Church and its members," had "disfigured the face" of Catholicism." This statement recognized that the Catholic Church's role in the genocide has implicated the entire Church and is an invitation to reimagine the very essence of the meaning of the Church, theology in its multiple dimensions, the missionary enterprise, the mission of the Church, and the place of human dignity in the Catholic faith. The task of rethinking what it means to be the Church and restoring fraternal identity as Christians in post-genocide Rwanda is thus crucial if theology is to make sense again. This is particularly imperative in as much as theology is compelled to reflect upon the very evils that have disfigured the Church's image and people's identity, namely the evils of sin, suffering, the indifference of bystanders, the increasing number of genocide deniers, the complexity of memory, the lack of credible and prophetic leadership that invites a new way of thinking about theology. This book brings together bishops, theologians, historians, and other scholars to reflect on how the Rwandan Catholic Church can restore fundamental peace and rebuild lasting reconciliation"--