Mikroøkonomi

This book studies the ongoing transition from an industrial to a creative (or post-industrial) society and how the creative society depends on a ¿soft infrastructure¿ of individualist values and institutions. It explains this by looking first at the key actors in the creative society: creative individuals and entrepreneurial individuals, using insights from social and cognitive psychology and the economic theory of entrepreneurship. It shows how individual creativity and entrepreneurship are supported by both cultural individualism, based on the work of political scientists Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel, as well as political individualism, the principles of a democratic market economy guided by classical liberalism. The book offers a number of policy implications that result from the connection of this multidisciplinary reconceptualization of individualism to economic creativity. It discusses a system of property rights that accommodates the creation of new property, ranging from the result of what we normally think of as product innovation to larger-scale innovations embodied in the formation of new lifestyle communities. It also considers examples such as universities that are more open to experimentation and more autonomous from government regulation, and a more liberal immigration policy that may result from the positive association between population diversity and creativity. This book is intended to support further interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research on the creative society (also known as post-industrialism, the postmodern society or the knowledge-based society). It will be of interest to academics and postgraduate students working in political economy, entrepreneurship, institutional economics, Austrian economics, and public policy.

Der Zinseszinseffekt, das ¿Grundgesetz der Geldvermehrung¿, wird in seiner Wirkung enorm unterschätzt. Vielen Geldanlegern ist nicht bekannt, dass sich damit eine regelmäßige Verdopplung der Ersparnisse erreichen lässt. Auf diese Weise kann man eine solide private Altersvorsorge oder ein Vermögen aufbauen, auch in Zeiten von Inflation und Rezession. Entscheidend ist die Wahl geeigneter Geldanlagen. Längst nicht alles, was Banken und Versicherungen anbieten, ist sicher und ertragreich. Viele Angebote eignen sich nur zum kurzfristigen ¿Geldparken¿, andere sind so hochspekulativ, dass solide denkende Anleger sie meiden sollten. Der Autor weist in diesem Buch den Weg durch den Dschungel der zahlreichen Angebote von Finanzinstituten. Anhand von Beispielen rechnet er nach und vergleicht, welche Produkte empfehlenswert sind; dabei berücksichtigt er auch Steuern und Inflation. Besonders lohnend sind gemanagte Aktienfonds. Holen Sie das Maximum aus Ihrem Geld heraus, indem Sieden Zusammenhang von Zeit, Zinshöhe, Zinzeszins und langfristigem, sicherem Ertrag verstehen und nutzen.

This book thoroughly covers the commercial code of Japan and the laws that govern its operation. It is a must-read for anyone seeking to conduct business in Japan.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This introductory textbook on social choice theory makes the social choice theoretic framework and its main results, that have a direct bearing on the discourses on electoral rules and policy evaluation, accessible to a larger audience. The text is essentially self-contained. No previous knowledge of mathematical logic or relational algebra is assumed. Whatever technical prerequisites are needed, are developed in the text itself. Although the text is at an introductory level, there has been no compromise on rigor. Unlike most introductory books, the relevant proofs are not omitted; rather, they have been explained in detail. The text has a large number of examples so that the concepts and results become clear to the reader. There is a large number of exercises with full solutions provided at the end of the text, so that the reader can check her/his understanding of the material.

Countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka have economies that are categorised as capital deficit, whereas economies with abundant capital - such as those in Western Europe and North America - have lost little value in comparison during the global pandemic and other economic periods of this downturn. It is therefore a question of resilience that separates these developing economies. The Framework for Resilient Industry examines the historical background of the Indian industry, its current status, and future opportunities and challenges. The chapters frame the historical context of the Indian industry and delves into region-specific issues such as micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), economic policy, risk management and sustainable industries. The findings are valuable to policymakers, industrialists, and governments, both state and central, through efficient analysis. Academics, researchers, and students will also benefit from this discourse on economic resiliency. Emerald Studies in Finance, Insurance, and Risk Management provides a platform for authors to explore, analyse and discuss current and new financial models and theories, and engage with innovative research on an international scale. Subjects of interest may include banking, accounting, auditing, compliance, sustainability, behaviour, management, and business economics.

"If you read just one book about economics, make it Andrew Leigh's clear, insightful, and remarkable (and short) work." --Claudia Goldin, recipient of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Economics and Henry Lee Professor of Economics at Harvard UniversityA sweeping, engrossing history of how economic forces have shaped the world--all in under 200 pagesIn How Economics Explains the World, Harvard-trained economist Andrew Leigh presents a new way to understand the human story. From the dawn of agriculture to AI, here is story of how ingenuity, greed, and desire for betterment have, to an astonishing degree, determined our past, present, and future. This small book indeed tells a big story. It is the story of capitalism - of how our market system developed. It is the story of the discipline of economics, and some of the key figures who formed it. And it is the story of how economic forces have shaped world history. Why didn't Africa colonize Europe instead of the other way around? What happened when countries erected trade and immigration barriers in the 1930s? Why did the Allies win World War II? Why did inequality in many advanced countries fall during the 1950s and 1960s? How did property rights drive China's growth surge in the 1980s? How does climate change threaten our future prosperity? You'll find answers to these questions and more in How Economics Explains the World.

This book takes a comparative approach to economic history to offer ways to increase our understanding of the divergence between South America and Scandinavia. In particular, the book aims to deepen our understanding of why the two groups of countries have set out on radically different pathways with regard to industrialisation, long-term economic growth and income distribution. The book draws together the results of two separate projects focusing on this comparison. The first of these projects focuses on two of the so-called settler societies of South America, namely Uruguay and Argentina, sometimes called the Pampas region. Australia and New Zealand, two other settler societies, are also considered, adding a further contrasting effect. These settler societies are compared with Scandinavia, in its broad terms, including Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. The second of these projects focuses on comparisons between Brazil and Sweden. Together, the two projects have engaged the minds of economic historians from Brazil, Uruguay and Sweden. This book will be of interest to researchers and students in economic history and economic development more broadly.

The objective of this book, the second volume of this monograph series, is to respond to the calls from front-line managers, entrepreneurs, and scholarly researchers to reconstruct the theories of economics and business so that the new theories will be more relevant to real life than the prevalent ones. Differing from what is presented in the first volume, this second volume emphasizes the development of systemic principles underlying a whole series of empirical discoveries and theoretical conclusions in more applied business studies. By employing the concepts, methodology, and logical reasoning of systems science, this volume addresses important issues about value creation and capture, managerial decision making in the modern business world, and the management of large-scale business forces.The book particularly targets graduate students and scholarly researchers who are looking for opportunities to develop new territory in the world of applied economic and business knowledge. In addition, it aims at front-line decision-making managers and entrepreneurs who want sounder theories and more reliable methods than the commonly available ones on which to base their critical decisions. By masterfully employing the concepts, methodology, and logical reasoning of systems science, readers can expect to become better able to discover the previously unfamiliar essence of business practices and insightful opportunities for profit.

This book reviews the basic process of Chinäs fourteen five-year plans with systematic theoretical overview and rich historical data and moves on to discuss the theoretical logic of plan-based state governance. The authors hold that the five-year planning system with Chinese characteristics is a flexible planning system; through adaptive macro-planning and incentive target governance, it mobilizes government, market and social forces to work together to fulfill national objectives and is a representative mechanism of the state governance system and a symbol of modernized state governance capacity.From an academic point of view, it theoretically answers questions about what, why and how concerning the five-year plans. From an interdisciplinary perspective, it explores the theoretical logic and experience of plan-based governance by combining Marxism, western theories, and the science of history. Also, it tries to represent historical facts based on a vast literature about the history of CPC and PRC, reviews historical details of the previous thirteen five-year plans, and describes the great journey of the plan preparation and implementation under the CPC leadership.This book has been published in Simplified Chinese (Peking University Press) and Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong Open Page Press). It has won the 2021 Annual Books of China Economics Education and Research Network, the first prize of excellent Works of the First Young Marxism Prize, 100 "Red Classic Reading" recommended reading books of Jiangsu National Reading Activity Leading Group celebrating the Centennial of the Founding of the Party, and Jintai Good Books of People's Daily Library.

The purpose of this book is to honour D.S. Prasada Rao and his many outstanding contributions to economic measurement, including index number methods for international comparisons of prices, real incomes, output, and productivity; stochastic approaches to index numbers; purchasing power parities for the measurement of regional and global inequality and poverty; and measurement of income and economic insecurity. This book brings together contributions by well-known and influential researchers in the field of economic measurement with special focus on topics in productivity measurement (Part I); income and health inequality, inequality of opportunity, and measurement of insecurity (Part II); index number theory and applications to consumer price index numbers, international comparisons of prices and real expenditures, and housing price index numbers (Part III). The chapters are authored by eminent researchers including Conchita D¿Ambrosio, Bert Balk, Erwin Diewert, Robert Hill, Robert Inklaar, Knox Lovell, Robin Sickles, Jacques Silber and Marcel Timmer. The contributed papers offer in-depth reviews of the state of the art in these areas with a focus on the existing methods and applications, making the volume an invaluable source for both experienced researchers and new researchers, including PhD and other postgraduate students.Duangkamon Chotikapanich is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics at Monash University, Australia. Her research interests are in the measurement of income inequality and poverty, and the application of Bayesian econometrics, and have led to publications in journals such as Review of Economics and Statistics, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, the Review of Income and Wealth, Economics Letters, Economic Record, and Economic Modelling. She is editor of the 2008 Springer book Modelling Income Distributions and Lorenz Curves. The majority of her publications are in the income distribution area, where she has made contributions towards Lorenz curve specification and estimation, the measurement of global inequality, and Bayesian inference for inequality indices.Alicia N. Rambaldi is a Professor of Economics at the University of Queensland, Australia. Her research expertise is in the area of spatial time series models with applications to modelling housing prices, international comparisons and sectoral productivity. She has published in outlets that include the Journal of Econometrics, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Urban Studies, Review of Income and Wealth and Journal of Productivity Analysis. She has been on the editorial board of the Review of Income and Wealth since 2015Nicholas Rohde is an Associate Professor in Economics at Griffith University, Australia. His research interests include: income distributions and inequality; inequality of opportunity; economic insecurity; health economics and applied econometrics. He has published work in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Health Economics, and Social Science and Medicine. He is currently on the Editorial Board of the Review of Income and Wealth.

The objective of this book is to answer the calls from front-line managers, entrepreneurs, and scholarly researchers to reconstruct the theories of economics and business. Their request is for new theories to be more relevant to real life than the now-prevalent ones. To provide that answer, the book proposes to develop elementary postulates at the level of the four natural endowments of a business firm or an individual: self-awareness, imagination, conscience, and free will. Then, conclusions based on these postulates can be established through logical reasoning. On this realistic footing, the book employs the concepts, methodology, and logical reasoning of systems science to answer a full list of theoretically and practically important questions. Those queries involve such topics as rationality, the meanings of optima and choices of optimization methods, the relationship between micro- and macro-phenomena, consumption preferences, and utility representations. The target audience of the book includes graduate students and scholarly researchers, particularly those who look for opportunities to develop new territories in the world of economic and business knowledge. The book also aims at front-line decision-making managers and entrepreneurs who seek sounder theories than the commonly available ones on which to base their critical decisions. By competently employing the systemic intuition¿yoyo model, graduate students, scholarly researchers, decision-making managers, and entrepreneurs can attain new conclusions. In addition, they will gain insightful understanding of market signals without unnecessarily expending other resources of limited availability.

"Updated 4th edition, presenting microeconomics in a non-technical and easy to understand manner with its distinctive emphasis on 'the economic way of thinking' and its applicability to sharper managerial thinking and improved decision-making"--

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