Udviklingsøkonomi og vækstøkonomier

This book examines the multi-layered aspects and the complexities of inclusive development in South Asia based on recent data and using innovative methodology.The book offers an analysis of the existing ground realities in terms of economic and inclusive development, presenting relevant discussion and findings. It discusses lower castes, tribes, religious/ethnic minorities, and other socially vulnerable people, as well as gender, rural-urban, and educational disparities in South Asia, and highlights that all these issues are interrelated. Structured in two parts-Spatial Dimensions, Labour, and Migration, and Social Dimensions and Beyond Inclusion-the chapters present emerging new concepts related to socio-economic and inclusive development and use effective and valid methods and methodology covering the ground realities-based information and secondary data-based analysis. Evaluating the extent to which inclusive development has been realised in South Asia, the contributors explore a new approach towards the concept of 'inclusiveness' by drawing on the experiences of the diverse societies in South Asia.An immensely useful contribution to the analysis of different economic and social issues in different countries in South Asia, focusing on inclusivity, this book will be of interest to researchers working on South Asian Politics and Development Economics.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of Brazilian economic thought ranging from colonial times through to the early 21st Century.

First Published in 1979 Economic Growth and Development in Jordan is a comprehensive analysis of the economies of pre-1967 Jordan and the post-1967 east bank. divided into three parts it covers prewar development performance; the postwar economy and development polices and prospects.

This book examines the renewed interest and commitment that countries across the world have shown in recent decades towards adopting models of decentralising, or "downsizing" the state, and moving towards more participatory models of government.It examines systems of decentralised development such as self-managing co-operatives from a global and comparative perspective with a focus on developing countries. Drawing on examples from Kerala and a few other states in India, as well as Cuba, Bangladesh and South Africa among other countries, the book offers critical perspectives on the positive impacts of these experiments and the promises these offer for the future. It discusses the challenges of implementing these models, how well these work in coordination with the civil society and the state, issues of transparency and democratic oversight as well as corruption and capture of power due to entrenched structures of inequality. The volume analyses welfare and development models and self-management interventionsin countering the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also looks at the meritsand demerits of decentralisation in countering the global socioeconomic and environmental crisis and the rise of authoritarian populism in many countries.The book will be of interest to students and researchers of development studies, political science, business, community development, social justice as well as of co-operative management programmes. It will also appeal to students of political economy as well as development professionals, think tanks and policymakers.

As Bolivia reels from the collapse of the government in November 2019, a wave of social protests, and now the impact of Covid-19, this book asks: where next for Bolivia?After almost 14 years in power, the government of Bolivia's first indigenous president collapsed in 2019 amidst widescale protest and allegations of electoral fraud. The contested transitional government that emerged was quickly struck by the impacts of the Covid-19 public health crisis. This book reflects on this critical moment in Bolivia's development from the perspectives of politics, the economy, the judiciary and the environment. It asks what key issues emerged during Evo Morales's administration and what are the main challenges awaiting the next government in order to steer the country through a new and uncertain road ahead.As the world considers what the ultimate legacy of Morales's left-wing social experiment will be, this book will be of great interest to researchers across the fields of Latin American studies, development, politics, and economics, as well as to professionals active in the promotion of development in the country and the region.

The subject of bank stability has been under a great amount of political and legislative scrutiny since the mid-2007 to late-2009 global financial crisis. However, these efforts have centred on developed economies. Little coverage is given to strategies adopted by many developing economies. While there is a global discourse on the subject of insolvency generally, there is ample scope to contribute to the growing body of work on the narrow subject of bank insolvencies. This book provides a unique perspective on an emerging theme in at least two respects. First is the focus on selected developing economies and selected developed economies in the EMEA region alongside cross-border developments, with the objective of deciphering the regulatory approach to bank insolvencies. The second is the analytical consideration of methods that may be implemented to preclude or resolve bank insolvencies in developing economies. This book explores the nexus between developing economies and their banking institutions. Developing economies are acutely dependent on their banks for the functioning of their cash-based economies. Recent events, however, suggest a weakness in the long-term viability of some of their banks and a mixed-bag regulatory approach to redress this weakness. This book evaluates the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks in selected developing economies that are designed to prevent or resolve the insolvency of banks. At a time of global economic uncertainty, this book will prove to be a valuable resource to the discourse on the viability of banks, businesses, and economies in developing States.

Over the last fifty years Asia has transformed beyond recognition. Resurgent Asia provides an analytical narrative of Asia's incredible development situated in the wider context of historical, political, and social factors.

Addressing the entire care chain, this book presents the outcomes of advanced research on healthcare operations management based on real-world data and practices in China. It includes hands-on methods and applications in this interdisciplinary research field, which combines healthcare service, operations management, industrial engineering and information technology.The content is divided into three parts, reflecting the entire care chain. The first part discusses the pre-hospital service stage and explores resource deployment problems in emergency medical service, such as ambulance allocation. The second part focuses on inpatient care services, including staffing and task allocation among nurses and doctors based on multi-project management under uncertainties. In addition, a highly promising diagnosis approach is proposed and a specific algorithm is derived on the basis of real-world datasets which can improve the diagnosis accuracy remarkably. In turn, the third part considers the post-hospital service stage, which most often takes place at community hospitals, and provides a quantitative evaluation and optimization of scheduling for tasks and team members for home care services.The book is intended for a broad audience, including students, researchers and practitioners working in various areas of healthcare management, service management, and operations management.

This book aims to assess the roles of entrepreneurship and social innovation for socio-cultural changes. It also evaluates farmers' performance in disaster risk management at a community level toward sustainable regional development in a rural haor region of Bangladesh. To achieve the purpose of the research, both a qualitative method (Trajectory Equifinality Modeling, TEM) and a quantitative method (Structural Equation Modeling, SEM) are introduced, based on the results of case studies on local entrepreneurs, interview and focus group discussions with stakeholders, and questionnaire surveys of farm households.First, the results clarify that social capital is critically important both for male and female entrepreneurs in the haor region, and that education is more important to women for empowerment and technology adoption in the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the haor region of Bangladesh. In addition, it makes clear that the Common Interest Group approach plays a role for women's empowerment in the target region. Furthermore, it identifies the multi-causal relationships among the factors affecting farm households' performance in disaster risk management at the community level.This book helps readers to understand regional development through social and cultural transformation in a rural community where poverty and gender discrimination are path-dependent problems.

This book systematically expounds the significance of the high-speed railway in China's regional economic and social development. It also contains a large number of case discussions, so that readers can fully understand the development of China's high-speed railway and its role in promoting China's economy. The purpose of this book is to determine whether high-speed railway has important political and strategic significance for China's development, the inherent relationship and mechanism of the high-speed railway together with economic and social development, and how to achieve the high-speed rail and economic and social coordination, as well as sustainable development.

Das Geldsystem ist das unverzichtbare fehlende Glied in der Nachhaltigkeitsdebatte und die Frage, ob das derzeitige Finanzsystem diese neuen Anforderungen erfüllen kann. Bislang wurden die UN-Nachhaltigkeitsziele (SDGs) hauptsächlich entweder durch den privaten Sektor, durch herkömmliche Steuern und Gebühren des öffentlichen Sektors oder durch philanthropisches Engagement finanziert. Wenn man davon ausgeht, dass in den verbleibenden 10 bis 15 Jahren jährlich 4 bis 5 Billionen Dollar benötigt werden, um unsere Zukunft zu finanzieren, sind diese konventionellen Finanzierungsquellen sowohl in Bezug auf den Umfang als auch auf die Geschwindigkeit der Finanzierung unzureichend. Darüber hinaus zwingt die inhärente Instabilität unseres Finanzsystems die Weltgemeinschaft dazu, sich in erster Linie auf die Reparatur und Stabilisierung des bestehenden Systems zu konzentrieren.Die Entwicklung von Kryptowährungen unter Verwendung von Distributed-Ledger-Technologien (hauptsächlich Blockchain) hat führende Zentralbanken dazu veranlasst, die mögliche Anwendung dieses Ansatzes zur unabhängigen Schaffung von Kaufkraft zu untersuchen. In diesem Sinne bietet dieses Buch einen neuen Ansatz, nämlich die Einführung einer parallelen elektronischen Währung, die speziell für die Finanzierung globaler Gemeinschaftsgüter und die Bereitstellung der für die Verwirklichung der SDGs erforderlichen Ressourcen konzipiert ist. Darüber hinaus würde dieser Mechanismus eine stabilisierende Wirkung auf das bestehende Währungssystem haben.In dem Buch wird argumentiert, dass eine Möglichkeit, dies zu erreichen, darin besteht, den Zentralbanken ein modifiziertes geldpolitisches Mandat zu erteilen, um dem System mit einem Top-down-Ansatz neue Liquidität zuzuführen. Alternativ könnte die Liquidität durch Unternehmens- oder Gemeindeinitiativen mit Krypto- oder Gemeindewährungen in einem Bottom-up-Ansatz kommen. Der Autor vertritt die Ansicht, dass durch die Ausgabe einer Blockchain-fähigen elektronischen Parallelwährung, die für SDG-bezogene Projekte bestimmt ist, und durch die Nutzung anderer Kanäle für den Geldfluss anstelle der herkömmlichen Kanäle die Zukunft auf andere Weise finanziert werden könnte. Langfristig würde die Abkehr von unserer derzeitigen monetären Monokultur und die Einführung eines monetären Ökosystems die internationalen Finanzmärkte stabilisieren, die monetären Regulierungsbemühungen verstärken, negative externe Effekte reduzieren, ein soziales Pareto-Optimum schaffen und die Demokratien stabilisieren. In diesem Buch wird, ähnlich wie in Fritjof Capras Das Tao der Physik, ein Tao der Finanzen vorgestellt - ein unkonventioneller Ansatz zur Finanzierung globaler Gemeinschaftsgüter.

Dieses Buch untersucht die Vergangenheit, die Gegenwart und die Perspektiven der regionalen wirtschaftlichen Integration in Afrika. Die empirische Analyse reicht von Gewerkschaften, die in den Jahren nach der Unabhängigkeit gegründet wurden, bis hin zur vorgeschlagenen Afrikanischen Kontinentalen Freihandelszone (AfCFTA), die darauf abzielt, Handelsbarrieren zwischen allen 55 afrikanischen Staaten zu beseitigen. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, inwieweit die regionalen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaften (RECs) Afrikas gemäß einem linearen Integrationsmodell der Güter-, Arbeits- und Kapitalmärkte vorangekommen sind. Das Buch bewertet anschließend die Eignung des europäischen Modells einer tiefgreifenden Integration mit kostspieligen Institutionen für die spezifischen Bedingungen Afrikas, wobei beispielsweise die Rolle des informellen und nicht erfassten Handels berücksichtigt wird. Um die Logik der wirtschaftlichen Integration zu untermauern, werden stilisierte Fälle regionaler Arbeitsteilung mit steigenden Erträgen und unvollkommenem Wettbewerb vorgestellt. Frühere und aktuelle wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen in Afrika werden unter die Lupe genommen, um die Frage zu beantworten, wie afrikanische Regionen neue Fertigungsindustrien und Wertschöpfungsketten auf dem gesamten Kontinent am besten fördern können. Abschließend skizziert das Buch Inhalt und Verfahren der gemeinsamen Industriepolitik in den afrikanischen Regionen. Das Buch befasst sich auch mit dem kontroversen Thema der internationalen Handelsabkommen zwischen Entwicklungsländern und der Europäischen Union oder den USA und untersucht, ob diese Abkommen die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Afrika behindern oder fördern. Das Buch enthält einen detaillierten Fahrplan, in dem beschrieben wird, wie die Schlüsselklauseln der Abkommen über wirtschaftliche Partnerschaft im Interesse der afrikanischen Länder verbessert werden können. Abschließend wird eine neue Vision einer gemeinsamen nachhaltigen Entwicklung für Afrika und Europa skizziert.

This book is devoted to investigating the policy design and effectiveness of financial and market-based instruments to promote energy efficiency financing. The concept of this monograph is to present the latest results related to energy efficiency funding schemes, energy efficiency obligations, voluntary agreements, auction mechanisms, and Super Energy Services Companies (Super ESCOs) in major jurisdictions across the world.  The book focuses on financial and market-based instruments as they deliver a price signal, which provides an incentive for firms to invest in innovation or implement more energy-efficient technologies and deliver energy savings while minimizing costs. Such instruments can have significant advantages for the government, supporting the fiscal sustainability of the government's energy efficiency efforts, requiring less enforcement than regulation and according the market flexibility to select the most cost-efficient technologies. This book is highly recommended to researchers, policy experts, and business specialists who seek an in-depth and up-to-date integrated overview of energy efficiency financing. 

Logistics refers to the processes that start with resources and their acquisition, storage, and transportation to their destination. The concept is crucial in business -- particularly for the manufacturing sector -- to understand, manage, and control how resources are handled and progress through the whole supply chain. Now, there is a strong trend to focus on sustainability and eco-friendly solutions in logistics. Processes based on both technology and management need innovations and detailed implementation steps to achieve a satisfactory level of sustainability.This book explores how and where innovations can be implemented to provide a wide approach to sustainability in logistics. It addresses the main challenges affecting modern and sustainable logistics and supply chains and is organized according to six main themes: supply chain management; information intelligent hubs (e.g. warehouse and cities); sustainable transportation; technology for logistics; reverse logistics; and city logistics. The key results presented are based on both extensive types of research and business cases. The overarching advanced logistics and supply chain concepts at the heart of this book contribute to a sustainable intelligent logistics and transport system by making it more efficient, reliable, environmentally friendly, and competitive.Essentially, this book presents the most current research related to sustainability in logistics activities and addresses the theoretical background of sustainability and its significance for logistics, the challenges in supply chains and transportation, and possible solutions for more sustainable logistics systems.

This book explores the swiftly emerging nexus between sustainability, finance, and technology.Leading practitioners and academic thought leaders reflect on the ways in which technology and digitalization shape how sustainable finance professionals address environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. Together, the contributors identify three spheres in which technology shapes how investors make sense of such issues:ESG and technology: finance professionals need to know about how technological innovations, such as chemical recycling for plastics, in the real economy shape firms' ESG performance;ESG through technology: technological developments, such as AI and blockchain, can enable finance professionals to offer more fine-grained ESG analyses; andESG as technology: the ESG agenda itself is influenced by technological developments that are not well understood by practitioners (e.g., data mining for Bitcoin creating significant emissions).Using practically relevant examples and recent insights from people working in the field, the book explores the linkages between sustainability, technology, and finance in different contexts and shows how practitioners can accelerate needed change processes.This book primarily addresses practitioners in companies and investment firms as well as students enrolled in executive education and MBA programs.