Udviklingsøkonomi og vækstøkonomier

The recent unprecedented economic downturn and global supply chain disruption by the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating the urgency for sustainable financing infrastructure that is agile, adaptable, and transformable. Sustainability and the 4th Industrial Revolution are about more than just technology-driven change; it is an opportunity to help everyone, including leaders, policymakers and people from all income groups and nations, to navigate industry disruptions and transitioning to a new normal by harnessing converging technologies in order to create an inclusive, human-centered future. The edited volume provides critical discussions on reframing the Islamic finance approach to sustainability and socio-economic development in the post-pandemic era. It highlights how selected Islamic finance tools alongside FinTech can not only ensure financial sustainability but also promote socio-economic policies that will aid the much-desired value and impact creation in the economy. The book focuses its analysis on the following three areas: reframing Islamic finance sustainability and socio-economic development; innovative Islamic financial tools for sustainable and socio-economic impact; and the role of FinTech in the road to sustainability. The edited volume will be of interest to scholars, researchers, and students of Islamic finance, sustainability, and financial technology.

This book addresses labour market participation issues of youth in India, and follows an inter-disciplinary approach. It carries out both quantitative and qualitative assessments for an in-depth understanding of these issues. It collates a wide range of concerns both from supply and demand side, and instead of reflecting on the empirical questions only, the book reflects on various analytical questions as well. Some other challenges being discussed here are inadequacy of skill and compulsion to participate in the labour market, concentration in activities with excess supplies of labour, unrecognised work experience, lack of upward mobility, and working with information asymmetry. Caste and gender disadvantages are an instrumental part of the book. Problems of educated and uneducated youth are quite different and the book analyses them separately. Besides, it refers to a wide range of issues relating to occupational flexibility. It also discusses skill imparting institutions and themajor lacuna associated with their functioning. Social unrest and threats to the prospects of future growth in the absence of adequate youth employment are some of the economic and political issues which the book covers. Unraveling the threads of the concerns mentioned above, the book finally comes up with policy suggestions. It is a great resource for researchers, industry watchers, and policy makers who are interested in inclusive and sustainable growth.

This book examines the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the transformation of tax audit in the context of innovative development of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Throughout the chapters, the authors examine the basics of state tax audit, its institutional aspects, as well as global trends in the transformation of tax audit models in countries in transition to a modern innovative economy. Particular attention is paid to the systematic analysis of the effectiveness of tax audit and the identification of prospects for the development of state audit in the context of integration processes. A conceptual approach to the system of state tax audit based on innovative analysis tools is considered.The book is valuable read for researchers and practitioners in the field of public audit, students and teachers of economic universities.

As the interplay of environmental, social, and governance factors becomes increasingly crucial, the global business landscape faces a monumental challenge. Climate change, social inequities, and economic uncertainties loom large, demanding immediate attention. The integration of Environmental Social Governance (ESG) principles and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies emerges as a powerful solution to these challenges. However, navigating the complexities of this integration, understanding its implications, and harnessing its full potential is a formidable task. Academic scholars, policymakers, and practitioners are grappling with a critical question: How can we leverage the convergence of ESG and AI to drive sustainable practices and address pressing global issues? The answer lies in comprehending the multifaceted dimensions of this integration, its ethical considerations, and its transformative potential. To gain these insights, a comprehensive resource is needed, one that offers a deep dive into ESG-AI integration, delving into empirical research, practical applications, and ethical concerns. Intersecting Environmental Social Governance and AI for Business Sustainability is a book that answers the call to action for this pressing challenge with an in-depth exploration of the evolving field of ESG and AI integration.

This book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the links between migration and remittances. The role of remittances in influencing migration decision is explored in relation to economic development, education, the labour market, and social factors. The impact of remittances on migration is examined from a global perspective, with a focus on both specific countries and larger regions, such as the European Union and the former Soviet states. The challenges in managing migration flows are also discussed, alongside the impact of COVID-19 on migration, and policy suggestions are made for the efficient management of labour migration.This book aims to offer a comparative analysis of the impact of remittances resulting from labour migration and foreign direct investment on the economic growth. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in labour and migration economics.

Die langjährige Stabilität und der ökonomische Erfolg Deutschlands sind gefährdet wie noch nie. Eine Kombination von Krisen droht, das Fundament unserer Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftsordnung zu erschüttern. In diesem Kontext treten fünf Schlüsselthemen hervor: Die EU-Krise, die Schuldenfalle, die Inflation, die Energiekrise und der Fachkräftemangel. Gemeinsam stellen sie nicht nur erhebliche Herausforderungen für die erfolgreiche Weiterentwicklung der europäischen Staatenunion dar, sondern gefährden auch den Wohlstand und die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit Deutschlands. Dieses Buch analysiert, wie diese Krisen unseren Wohlstand untergraben und zeigt Lösungsansätze auf.

In "Beyond Carbon," author Niharika Kosanam takes us on a profound journey through Earth's history and into its precarious future. She deftly weaves together the fabric of climate science, policy-making, and individual responsibility, offering a holistic approach to mitigating climate change. Kosanam challenges the traditional narrative of "saving the planet" and reframes it as a question of saving ourselves, underlining that our planet's survival is not at stake - ours is.'With wisdom and insight, "Beyond Carbon" breaks down complex environmental issues and introduces the role that individuals, businesses, and governments play in altering the trajectory of our future. This book moves beyond the discourse of carbon emissions and illustrates practical, achievable steps we can all take to reduce our carbon footprint and pave the way for a sustainable future."Beyond Carbon" is not merely a book about climate change; it's a call to action for humanity to recognize its impact and reclaim its agency. It's an invitation to become architects of a future where we do more than just survive-we thrive.

The growing number of states with weak capacity to carry out basic governance functions is leading to unacceptable levels of human suffering. Using Ethiopia as a case study, this book acknowledges the multidimensional nature of state fragility and highlights the non-political factors that drive it.The first part uses institutional theory to explore how weak institutions become a source of state fragility by undermining social cohesion and the broader economic progress of countries. Part two examines the role of entrepreneurship and industrial policy as a means of creating and sustaining economic and political stability, trade policy as a means of increasing incomes and easing tensions, and technology policy as a means of engaging people in entrepreneurship and innovation. The final chapter provides lessons that fragile nations can learn from successful developing countries in Southeast Asia and Latin America.This book will appeal to researchers interested in international business, economic and business policy, international trade, and emerging markets who seek to understand how fragile states can promote sustainable peace and development.

"This book will examine the various digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Blockchain and their applications in the service sector to promote economic growth, create new job opportunities, and improve access to essential services such as education, healthcare, and financial services"--

In the face of escalating environmental degradation and dwindling natural resources, the imperative for sustainable production and consumption has taken center stage, compelling companies and consumers alike to seek a more sustainable path forward. Sustainable consumption and production entail the utilization of goods and services that strive to minimize detrimental impacts on the environment. This involves reducing the utilization of natural resources, toxic substances, and polluting emissions, all while ensuring the satisfaction of future generations' needs. Sustainable Consumption Experience and Business Models in the Modern World explores the crucial interplay between sustainability, businesses, and consumers. From a business standpoint, the pressing concerns surrounding sustainability drive the emergence of innovative sustainable products, services, and business models. Simultaneously, conscientious consumers increasingly gravitate towards sustainable alternatives, embracing the purchase of eco-friendly products and services, engaging in product exchanges, do-it-yourself initiatives, acquiring second-hand items, and participating in the sharing economy. Designed for professionals, students, and researchers in the field of sustainable marketing, this book covers a wide range of disciplines, including but not limited to sustainability, sustainable marketing, green products, second-hand goods, and consumer behavior.

Agroecology of Edible Weeds and Non-Crops: Ecology and Socio-Economic Potential of Plant Biodiversity is the first book to move beyond the ethnobotanical aspect of under-utilized non crops to explore how to optimize their potential. With case studies of edible weeds and non-crop plants from around the world, including Europe and North America, in urban as well as rural settings, the book highlights the global opportunities provided by these plants. The book includes much needed information for identifying, maintaining, and benefitting from these plant species. It is ideal for agricultural professionals, educators, researchers, and students. Those interested in increasing the diversity of the farming landscape and food systems by means of edible non-crop plants have access to a plethora of information on the ethnobotany of these species. Yet little to no information exists on the agroecological requirements and potential benefits of underutilized edible non-crop plants in the context of sustainable farming systems. This book fills that knowledge gap from identifying edible weeds and non-crop plants, to exploring the ways these plants can be used to economically improve nutrition.

What are the different unique characteristics between one developing country and one developed country ¿How to judge whether the country had been either developed or had been developing ? What factors influence the country development speed? In my this book, I shall indicate New Zealand whether is one developed country or developing country, although its farming industry , e.g. sheep cloth manufacturing, breef and pork meat food export industries had developed long time, but what weaknesses, it owns to influence its continue development easily as well as what strengths it lacks to influence New Zealand is still staying in the developing stage in possible in global leading position. What factors influence US, UK their technological development can not be continued innovated to cause worse development to compare Germany 's heavy manufacturing industry future development in possible. In my this book country development part, I shall concentrate on discussing these above countries' future development trend. Readers can have more clear judgment how they can develop more rapidly.

What are the different unique characteristics between one developing country and one developed country ¿How to judge whether the country had been either developed or had been developing ? What factors influence the country development speed? In my this book, I shall indicate New Zealand whether is one developed country or developing country, although its farming industry , e.g. sheep cloth manufacturing, breef and pork meat food export industries had developed long time, but what weaknesses, it owns to influence its continue development easily as well as what strengths it lacks to influence New Zealand is still staying in the developing stage in possible in global leading position. What factors influence US, UK their technological development can not be continued innovated to cause worse development to compare Germany 's heavy manufacturing industry future development in possible. In my this book country development part, I shall concentrate on discussing these above countries' future development trend. Readers can have more clear judgment how they can develop more rapidly.

This book delves into the intricate dynamics between economic elites and the political party system in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, particularly during their democratization phases in the twentieth century. It introduces a novel framework for comprehending the diverse political strategies adopted by these countries¿ economic elites during this critical period. The central premise of this book is that the interplay between the cohesion of economic elites and the mobilization of popular sectors at specific historical junctures profoundly influences the nature of elite political involvement.While existing literature has extensively discussed the strategies employed by economic elites to safeguard their interests, this book takes a fresh approach by considering three primary configurations of relationships between economic elites and political parties. It explores cases where economic elites are the primary constituency of parties they have founded, as well as instances where upper-class interests are predominantly defended outside the party system through mechanisms such as the armed forces, pressure groups, and lobbying. Additionally, it examines scenarios where economic elites align themselves with parties boasting a polyclass constituency, exerting limited influence over these parties.This book goes beyond traditional analyses by proposing a theory that elucidates how the interaction between elite cohesion and popular sector mobilization determines the specific forms of elite political involvement. It also charts the historical sequences of this process, emphasizing the evolution of the causal relationship over time.To illustrate this theory, the book employs a comparative historical analysis, scrutinizing the three aforementioned cases to identify factors that account for the different forms of economic elite political participation. It discerns that the level of cohesion among economic elites and the degree of mobilization among popular sectorsare pivotal factors shaping elite-party relationships.

This book provides and sheds light on insights, challenges, and opportunities to support the development and economic growth of the fashion industries within emerging markets. The fashion industry is growing rapidly in emerging markets; fashion marketers and retailers are increasingly becoming aware of the benefits of this market and are forced to seek their future growth potentials in this part of the world; in addition, marketing strategies, tools and technologies have also evolved. With a growing demand for additional research, information, recommendations and insight from practitioners, entrepreneurs, students, and academics, contributing authors use multiple methods and theories to uncover, analyse, demonstrate, and present the facts in their chapters and provide integrated guideposts for future research. This book is intended to satisfy the needs of stakeholders in the quest for practical insights into fashion marketing in emerging economies, especially in South America, Asia and Africa.It offers timely information on growing areas such as sustainability, digital platforms, supply chain and logistics and provides a good insight for anyone seeking to explore opportunities in emerging market economies. The book offers a much needed resource for students, scholars and practitioners.

This book presents case studies to analyse the relationship between sustainability - environmental, social, institutional and economic - and digital innovation.  The respective contributions offer a contextualisation of the main present and future trends concerning these two elements, and present analyses from economic, technical, managerial, and social perspectives alike. The individual sections of the book focus on interactions between sustainability and digital innovation in existing organisations and highlight the new opportunities, challenges and threats that may emerge as a result. The contributions are mainly based on case studies and research conducted in Europe and Africa, with a few focusing on Southeast Asia and Central America, and were prepared by experts in the fields of Information Systems, Computer Science, Social Development, and Economics.

One of the driving forces in catalyzing sustainable development interventions is systems accountability. This book tackles the notion of systems accountability in the context of enterprise and broader development planning, providing diversely institutionalized and applied implications for Africa. This compilation of innovatively selected chapters is not only relevant to contemporary corporate and public sector management, but also a timely guide on the role of digitalization in delivering real-time traceability by bridging gaps in confidence, data silos, distrust, shared credentials, and accountability. Understanding how to eliminate unnecessary layers of middlemen policy brokers and their rent seeking behaviors would provide further insights into how small enterprises and non-profit operate, their challenges or pitfalls, and how they can be improved to better manage the relevant systems. 

Circular economy can serve as a key building block for the sustainability targets of manufacturing companies. Although the term itself has long been established, we see that proper implementation of a circular economy model across entire manufacturing value chains is still lacking and remains a challenge. However, there are clearly visible and good examples of circular economy standards which have already been applied and are generating value among multiple layers. Circular Economy and Manufacturing presents these and more, providing a roadmap of optimized, flexible, efficient, effective, and competitive green production strategies for the manufacturing industry and its multiple stakeholders. The volume proves to be an excellent springboard for further discussion and research into new frameworks of best practices in view of achieving more socially responsible and sustainable organizations in a not-so-distant future.

This book is the fourth volume of Social and Economic Studies within the Framework of Emerging Global Developments. It includes empirical and theoretical original chapters written by researchers from different countries and universities. The target audience of this book is researchers, students and academics who are interested in social and economic studies.

The purpose of this book is to highlight how current successful Japanese multinational enterprises (MNEs) and companies have changed their business or business models in the past three decades. Japanese MNEs received a lot of attention from academia and industry during the 1980s and the early 1990s, and their factors for success have been compared with those of Western MNEs. Unfortunately, following the collapse of the ¿bubble economy¿ in the early 1990s, international business researchers and practitioners¿ attention has turned away from Japan and its MNEs to emerging markets, notably the rapidly growing China.Japanese MNEs have faced the mature domestic economy and also have had to overcome many new challenges in the twenty-first century, such as rapid aging, depopulation, and response to new technologies. Japanese MNEs and companies today are being forced to respond to new business environments never seen in the past. The prerequisites for business activities have significantly changed from those of former Japanese companies and their management practices. Even in such a difficult situation, however, many Japanese MNEs and emerging companies have achieved steady growth and have succeeded by changing their business models. This book provides the reader with new directions for research and lessons by analyzing the challenges of Japanese multinational enterprises and emerging companies. The redirection of attention is expected to have a positive impact on the field of international business study and practice.

Lokale Energiemärkte können zukünftig eine der zentralen Maßnahmen der Energiewende sein, sind bisher jedoch kaum verbreitet. Durch die Einbindung einer Vielzahl von Letztverbrauchern in den Energiehandel, sind lokale Energiemärkte in der Lage, die Akzeptanz der Bevölkerung gegenüber der Energiewende zu steigern und somit die Transformation der Energiesysteme zu beschleunigen. Dieses Buch definiert erstmals die verschiedenen Arten lokaler Energiemärkte, grenzt andere Marktkonzepte ab und unterscheidet dabei zwischen verschiedenen Energieformen. Bestehende Konzepte für Peer-to-Peer Märkte, Community Self Consumption Märkte und lokale Systemdienstleistungsmärkte werden analysiert und darauf aufbauend Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten zukünftiger Marktkonzepte identifiziert. Mithilfe des entwickelten Energiemarkt Reengineering Frameworks können lokale Energiemärkte nach einem Baukastenprinzip konzeptioniert werden. In einem nachgelagerten Schritt können die Konzepte auf verbleibende technischeund rechtliche Hürden untersucht werden. Jan N. Tockloth stellt ein umfangreiches Werk zur Verfügung, das einen niederschwelligen Einstieg in lokale Energiemärkte ermöglicht und diese im energiewirtschaftlichen Kontext einordnet. Die detaillierten Inhalte und entwickelten Methoden bieten gleichzeitig einen praktischen Nutzen für Leserinnen und Leser aus den Bereichen Forschung, Energiewirtschaft und Politik.

EPDF and EPUB available open access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. As many developing countries are facing increasingly higher levels of debt and economic instability, this interdisciplinary volume explores the intersection of sovereign debt and women's human rights. Through contributions from leading voices in academia, civil society, international organizations and national governments, it shows how debt-related economic policies are widening gender inequalities and argues for a systematic feminist approach to debt issues. Offering a new perspective on the global debt crisis, this is an invaluable resource for readers who seek to understand the complex relationship between economics and gender.

I write this book aim to let readers to feel whether how artificial intelligent technology will influence future technological development to influence human life. How can artificial intelligent tools can bring positive or negative impact to influence future technological development. In first chapter, I shall explain how (AI) influence future technology development to influence human living standard. Whether future (AI) will influence technological development to raise human living standard only in possible. Will (AI) bring negative impact to human living standard when it assist technological development ? I suppose that human living of standard will become better if future human technology will be improved from (AI) development for some industries aspects, such as education, manurfacturing, communication industries. In chapter two, I shall indicate that nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is popular to be applied to different industry aspects, such as medical, construction, transportation, hospital, education etc. Although, (AI) is a human invention new development. IN fact, it seems only beneficial to human's daily life. But, it will also have threats to influence human's safety in possible , if some scientists or self-interest mind people who aim to apply (AI) to earn more profit or apply (AI) tools to be weapon to attack other countries to achieve to dominate all human's ambitious intention. Thus, (AI) will bring negative influences to our society, instead of positive influences if we can not apply this kind of new technological tools immorally. In this chapter, I shall give my opinions to indicate what reasons will cause (AI) artificial intelligent tools to be applied to social military defense weapon by human's intention. In my this books, I hope my readers can know what will cause human's immoral behaviors to bring our societies to bring more dangerous or risks or threats if human applied (AI) technology to achieve whose immoral or ambitious intention. Finally, I hope that human ought not apply (AI) technology to do any behavioral attack to satisfy ourselves interest or dominate global world ambition to avoid (AI) technological war occurrence in the future one day. In chapter three, I shall explain how future (AI) technology can raise future computer innovation development to different industries applied. I aim to give my opinion to predict how future (AI) technology has direct relationship to assist global computer industry innovation. I shall explain why China and Taiwan will be US computer industry major competitors in the future if China succeeded to develop (AI) technology to dominate global computer industry. In final chapter, I shall explain whether technology may bring economic growth? Is (AI) production of factor technological innovation into the industrial base of new products or processes, including modifications to existing process equipment which significantly reduce its cost of operation? The physical difference between industrialised countries and the developed high (AI) production of factor technological countries is the technological hardware, i.e. the factories, distribution systems and all the fixed capital investment which have accumulated. technological innovation is really effort to influence our economic development nowadays.

JOHN LOK Introduction In our societies , any kinds of products or services must need to apply demand and supply economic theory to analyze whether the kind of product or service may be value to invent to sell or serve to their customers in consumer market, if the kind of product or service demand number is less, then it ought not to raise manufacturing number to avoid "low price " sale or if the kind of product demand number is more, then it ought raise manufacturing number to have enough number in order to raise " high price" sale to satisfy customers their needs to buy their products. However, whether your product or service demand number depends on supply number or your product or service's supply number depends on demand number in order to make the sale price is reasonable high or low level and reasonable supply number valuation. In my this book, I shall indicate some actual product or service social situation to explain whether these kinds of product or service is depended on either demand or supply aspect more in behavioral economic theory.