Udviklingsøkonomi og vækstøkonomier

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2016 im Fachbereich Politik - Internationale Politik - Thema: Entwicklungspolitik, Note: 1,3, Fachhochschule Trier - Umwelt-Campus, Standort Birkenfeld, Veranstaltung: Wirtschaftspolitik, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Seit Beginn der Betrachtung, kurze Zeit nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg, bis in die absehbare Zukunft, ist die Wohlfahrt auf unserem Planeten ungleich verteilt. Während insbesondere die Vereinten Nationen und die OECD, unterstützt durch zahlreiche Privatorganisationen wie Caritas und Brot für die Welt, sich für eine Verbesserung der Situation weniger gut situierter Staaten einsetzen, offenbart die Vergangenheit, dass Bemühungen in diese Richtung bisher nicht die erwarteten Effekte nach sich zogen. Auch derzeitig durchgeführte Praktiken sind auf Grund mangelnder Wirksamkeit mit negativer Kritik behaftet. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die meist beachteten vergangenen und gegenwärtigen entwicklungspolitischen Konzepte und ihre unterliegenden Theorien, resümiert Ergebnisse und Bewertungen, und nimmt eine eigene kritische Würdigung vor. Seine Relevanz liegt insbesondere in der Tatsache begründet, dass, trotz der Änderungsbemühungen, mehr und mehr Teile der Weltbevölkerung ¿ und bereits seit Einführung des Begriffs nach heutigem Verständnis ihr überwiegender Teil - in Entwicklungsländern leben. Zunächst wird auf kontextual relevante Begrifflichkeiten eingegangen. So wird umrissen, worum es sich bei Entwicklungshilfe und Entwicklungspolitik handelt, gezeigt, was unter ¿Entwicklung¿ im thematischen Zusammenhang zu verstehen ist und herausgearbeitet, welche Kriterien für die Definition des Begriffs ¿Entwicklungsland¿ angelegt werden. Eine Skizzierung historischer und aktueller entwicklungspolitischer Praktiken folgt im nächsten Schritt. Darauf aufbauend werden bestehende Kritikpunkte aufgegriffen und mit den jeweils korrespondierenden Konzepten und Theorien in Verbindung gebracht. Im Rahmen der Schlussbetrachtung werden die gewonnen Erkenntnisse zusammengefasst und eine eigene Bewertung vorgenommen.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich Politik - Internationale Politik - Thema: Entwicklungspolitik, Note: 1,0, Alice-Salomon Hochschule Berlin , Veranstaltung: Seminar - Teilhabe und Gerechtigkeit, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Beinahe täglich werden wir mit Botschaften und Meldungen über die katastrophalen Zustände in weiten Teilen der Welt, allen voran Afrika, über Kriege, Hunger und Armut konfrontiert. Tageszeitungen und Nachrichten berichten über die sich verschlechternden Lebensbedingungen und über wachsende Armut in vielen Teilen der Welt, was davon zeugt, dass diese Probleme nach wie vor nicht intensiv genug bekämpft werden. So sollen die Mittel für Entwicklungszusammenarbeit in Afrika deutlich gesteigert werden. Der derzeitige Entwicklungshilfeminister Gerd Müller (CSU) erhofft sich durch vermehrte Investierung in Entwicklungshilfe beispielsweise Fluchtursachen zu bekämpfen. Entwicklungshilfe hat sich inzwischen zu einem Geschäft entwickelt, in welchem Milliarden von amerikanischen Dollars aufgewendet werden. Alleine im Jahr 2007 hat die Europäische Union (EU) 73 Milliarden US Dollar in die Entwicklungshilfe investiert. Der Gesamtetat des Bundesministeriums für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ), welcher 2014 in die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit fließen soll, beträgt 6,4 Milliarden Euro. Bis zum Jahr 2015 soll die Entwicklungshilfefinanzierung auf 0,7 Prozent des Bruttonationaleinkommens ansteigen, so versprechen es die einzelnen Länder der EU, was bislang jedoch nur fünf Mitgliedsstaaten gelungen ist.

How can businesses around the world incorporate the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into their models, policies and practices? The editors of Business in the 21st Century help answer this by bringing together scholars from around the world with chapters examining various industries ranging from finance, hospitality, aviation, tourism, food production and more.With international perspectives, business concepts such as HRM, employee wellbeing, leadership and digitalisation are also researched within the framework of the SDGs. Insights from how to implement such policies in a post-pandemic world are introduced to help businesses navigate the biggest disruption they have faced in decades.Business in the 21st Century provides a valuable framework for scholars, managers, leaders and business stakeholders to help navigate the incorporation of SDGs into the business world, shape strategy, improve practices and create a better business future.

Leaders leave. It's inevitable. It might even happen today. Are you prepared? Every organization needs a plan for leadership succession, but few leaders know how to start the process. WHO COMES NEXT? solves that problem and easily guides you through the steps of creating a viable succession plan. The book simplifies the process and gives you the tools you need to build and activate your leadership succession. Whether you are part of a small, family business or a Fortune 500 company, you need to start now by answering the question: WHO COMES NEXT? "This book is a comprehensive look at succession planning, but with a refreshing spin that favors the practical over the theoretical. It's applicable to any industry, and readers will benefit from action items, tools, and resources with every chapter. Succession planning has never been more critical, and this book is a must-read for any professional looking to answer the question, "Who Comes Next?" >"Meridith and Mary are my 'go to' experts for succession planning, and they've created the definitive guide for how to build a strong succession plan. In this book, they break it down, give you a strategy, and deliver everything you need to create leadership depth at every level of your organization." >"Succession planning goes way beyond the person at the head of the company. Depth on the bench is essential to ensure an organization's resiliency and contingency planning." --Eric Holloway, Captain, U.S. Navy (ret)

*The Sunday Times Bestseller *A Financial Times Book of the Year *A Forbes Book of the Year *Winner of the Transmission Prize 2018 *Longlisted for the FT/McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award 2017 *Porchlight "Best Business Book of 2017: Current Events & Public Affairs" The book that redefines economics for a world in crisis. Economics is the mother tongue of public policy. It dominates our decision-making for the future, guides multi-billion-dollar investments, and shapes our responses to climate change, inequality, and other environmental and social challenges that define our times. Pity then, or more like disaster, that its fundamental ideas are centuries out of date yet are still taught in college courses worldwide and still used to address critical issues in government and business alike. That's why it is time, says renegade economist Kate Raworth, to revise our economic thinking for the 21st century. In Doughnut Economics, she sets out seven key ways to fundamentally reframe our understanding of what economics is and does. Along the way, she points out how we can break our addiction to growth; redesign money, finance, and business to be in service to people; and create economies that are regenerative and distributive by design. Named after the now-iconic "doughnut" image that Raworth first drew to depict a sweet spot of human prosperity (an image that appealed to the Occupy Movement, the United Nations, eco-activists, and business leaders alike), Doughnut Economics offers a radically new compass for guiding global development, government policy, and corporate strategy, and sets new standards for what economic success looks like. Raworth handpicks the best emergent ideas--from ecological, behavioral, feminist, and institutional economics to complexity thinking and Earth-systems science--to address this question: How can we turn economies that need to grow, whether or not they make us thrive, into economies that make us thrive, whether or not they grow? Simple, playful, and eloquent, Doughnut Economics offers game-changing analysis and inspiration for a new generation of economic thinkers. "This is sharp, significant scholarship . . . Thrilling."--Times Higher Education "Raworth's magnum opus . . . Fascinating."--Forbes "Doughnut Economics shows how to ensure dignity and prosperity for all people."--Huffington Post

The New Frontiers in African Business and Society series provides innovative reflections on the nature of business and society across parts of Africa and its emerging economy. Distinguished scholars formulate important answers to the problems within the continent, discovering new avenues of research and pathways forward.

Ce rapport est principalement destiné aux partenaires, organisations de l'économie sociale et solidaire qui souhaitent comprendre comment et pourquoi le réseau Coorace inscrit, depuis plus de 35 ans, la coopération au centre de ses principes d'action. En partant d'aspects conceptuels, il dresse un large panorama non exhaustif des méthodes, outils et actions proposés. Ainsi, le réseau Coorace développe depuis de nombreuses années une approche d'appui et d'accompagnement de ses membres sur les enjeux de coopération, considérant qu'il s'agit là d'une valeur et d'un principe d'actions essentiels à toute initiative de création d'emploi et de lutte contre le chômage et la pauvreté.

Broken Promises of Globalization: The Case of the Bangladesh Garment Industry analyzes the consequences of the latest wave of globalization within the context of the Bangladesh garment industrys integration into world markets and production chains. Shahidur Rahman has found that although globalization has created opportunities, the process of globalization has also triggered a deformed development leaving Bangladesh increasingly vulnerable to shifts and tensions within the world trading regime. Bangladesh's vulnerability, experienced as a constraining framework by all the major actors in dependent industrialization, is of particular importance to the progress both of workers and of Bangladesh's industrializing modernizers in the garment industry. This book intends to respond to three questions. First, has the garment industry been able to counteract the vulnerability that women garment workers had experienced in their villages? Second, is the formation of a welfare committee a substitute model for unions when it comes to protecting women's rights? Finally, how is a Least Developing Country dealing with both domestic and external pressures in its response to globalization? Rahman argues that in spite of the opportunities created by the growth of the garment industry, the key actors such as workers, entrepreneurs, unions, and even the government have become vulnerable in the process of the global integration of this industry. This is an ethnographic study that tells the story of the rise, growth, and demise of a Bangladeshi garment company. From a broader approach, an internal force such as the government of Bangladesh is not alone in being responsible for pushing the workers into a vulnerable position; external pressure on the state is also responsible for intensifying the vulnerability of Bangladeshi institutions and actors. Broken Promises of Globalization exposes the crisis Bangladeshi garment companies face as a result of the momentous pressures emanating from the regime of neo-liberal globalization.This ethnographic study, exploring a wide range of contemporary and recent development issues, holds particular relevance for students and scholars of sociology, political science, political economics, labor, and development studies.

Explores the complex and intersecting dimensions of gender, ethnicity, and culture on women in the Global South, as well as the central roles of women in resisting colonial rule, and their foundational contributions to post-independence constitutional reform and nation building.

This book provides a strong multidisciplinary examination of the links between migration, remittances and sustainable development in Africa. It makes evidence-based policy recommendations on migration to help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.The key themes examined are migration and remittances, and their relations with the following issues: economic transformation, education and knowledge, corruption and conflict. Cross-cutting issues such as gender equality and youth are weaved throughout the chapters, and a rich range of country contexts are presented. The volume also discusses challenges in managing migration flows.It will be of interest to advanced students, academics and policy makers in development economics and sustainable development.

The informal economy - broadly defined as economic activity that is not subject to government regulation or taxation - sustains a large part of the world's workforce. It is a diverse, complex and growing area of activity. However, being largely unregulated, its impact on the environment has not been closely scrutinised or analysed.This edited volume demonstrates that the informal sector is a major source of environmental pollution and a major reason behind the environmental degradation accompanying the expansion of economic activity in developing countries. Environmental regulation and economic incentive policies are difficult to implement in this sector because economic units are unregistered, geographically dispersed and difficult to identify. Moreover, given their limited capital base, they cannot afford to pay pollution fees or install pollution abating equipment. Informal manufacturing units often operate under unscientific and unhealthy conditions, further contributing to polluting the environment. The book emphasizes and examines these challenges, and their solutions, encountered in various sectors of the informal economy, including urban waste pickers, small-scale farmers, informal workers, home-based workers, street vendors, and more. If the informal sector is to "Leave no one behind" (as the Sustainable Development Goals promise) and contribute to "inclusive growth" (an objective of the green economy), then its impact on the economy as well as the environment has to be carefully considered.This book marks a significant contribution to the literature on both the informal economy and sustainable development, and will be of great interest to readers in economics, geography, politics, environment studies and public policy more broadly.Chapter 4 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license

Using comparable survey data on these schooling, skills, and labour market outcomes from 13 developing and emerging economies worldwide, this book revisits human capital and gender inequality models. It presents new estimates of the returns to different levels of schooling as well as the cognitive and socioemotional skills for women and men.

The World Bank considers financial inclusion to be an enabler for at least 7 of the 17 United Nation's sustainable development goals (SDGs). Financial inclusion, with its associated policy implications, is an important issue for ASEAN. This book examines the economic effects of financial inclusion. It explores issues surrounding measurement and impact of financial inclusion.The book looks at various, salient topics including measurement of financial inclusion, the impact of (various indicators of) financial inclusion on development outcomes and macroeconomic volatility using aggregate data, as well as the effects of financial inclusion on poverty and development outcomes using micro data.

Deliberative Governance for Sustainable Development argues that governance has become the core problem of sustainable development and identifies deliberative democracy and governance as a path forward for Western societies.In this book the author puts forward three messages. Firstly, while sustainable development theoretically is a common good of all people, it is in practice constantly associated with a multitude of smaller and larger conflicts. These conflicts arise repeatedly because, in practice, the benefits, costs and risks of sustainable development are unequally distributed and therefore form a massive barrier to sustainable development. As a result, sustainable development depends on the ability of the social and political institutions of societies to accommodate these conflicts. Second, within the framework of their established institutional structures, Western societies do not have the sufficient tools for conflict resolution that are adequate to the conditions of modern diversified societies and the complex challenges of sustainable development. They need to implement institutional reforms that switch institutional structures towards deliberation. Third, by switching to deliberation, Western societies can reach the high level of governance that enables them to achieve environmentally sustainable development that will bring them significant economic and social benefits and, as a result, may reach far beyond their borders.This volume offers a novel, transdisciplinary approach to sustainable development and governance in Western societies. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of sociology, economics, politics, environmental studies and philosophy, as well as professionals and policymakers working in the area of sustainable development.

Focusing on the intersection of spatial justice, child rights, and planning policy, this book investigates the challenges of resettlement in East Africa, where half of those displaced are children.The challenges created by displacement and resettlement are often considered from an adult-centric perspective by planners and humanitarian and development experts. The spatial injustice of displacement and resettlement, the agency of children, and the application of tools such as Child Participatory Vulnerability Index (CPVI) is siloed, commonly overlooked, or discounted. This book uses a CPVI and rights-based assessment of land-use policies, to investigate resettlement due to conflict and settlement in northern Uganda, floods due to climate change in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and urban to rural migration of children due to the aids pandemic in Western Kenya. Case studies from over a decade of field research are integrated with examples from applied planning projects and policy development in the East Africa region. This book uses spatial justice theory to show how child-friendly planning approaches can positively promote child rights in the context of resettlement.Providing important insights on how to enact child-friendly planning in informal settlements, refugee camps, and displacement camps, this book will be of interest to planning and development professionals, and researchers across the fields of children's rights, Development Studies, Planning, and African Studies.