Miljøøkonomi

This volume investigates how mining affects societies and communities in Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan.As ex-Soviet states, Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan share history, culture and transitions to democracy. Most importantly, both are mineral-rich countries on China's frontier and epi-centres of resource extraction. This volume examines challenges communities in these countries encounter on the long journey through resource exploration, extraction and mine closure. The book is organised into three related sections that travel from mine licensing and instigation to early anticipation of benefit through the realisation of social and environmental impacts to finite issues such as jobs, monitoring, dispute resolution and reclamation. Most originally, each chapter will include a final section entitled "Notes from the field" that presents the voice of in-country researchers and stakeholders. These sections will provide local contextual knowledge on the chapter's theme by practitioners from Mongolia and Central Asia. The volume thereby offers a distinctively grounded perspective on the tensions and benefits of mining in this dynamic region. Using Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan as case studies, the volume reflects on the evolving challenges communities and societies encounter with resource extraction worldwide.The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of mining and natural resource extraction, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development.

This book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the impact of Brexit on British agriculture and associated areas, discussing the Common Agricultural Policy and the Agriculture Act 2020.The Brexit referendum provoked new debates and questions over the future of agriculture in Britain and the potential positive and negative impacts of Brexit on both farmers and consumers. These debates, as well as the ensuing proposals relevant to the Agriculture Act 2020, have exposed the multidimensional effects of Brexit when it comes to agriculture. With a focus on profitability, the rights of farmers, environmental protection, as well as animal welfare, this book brings together an interdisciplinary analysis of the future of British agriculture in post-Brexit Britain. More specifically, it addresses the criticisms over the Common Agriculture Policy, presents an analysis of the Agriculture Act 2020, and considers suggestions for future developments. Through this analysis, the book suggests a way towards the future, with a positive outlook towards a competitive and sustainable agriculture that will satisfy the needs of farmers and consumers while ensuring environmental protection, animal welfare, and rural development.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of food and agricultural policy and politics, agroecology and rural development, as well as policymakers involved in Britain's post-Brexit environmental policy.

This book explores the impact of resource extraction and the dynamics of great powers competing for natural resources in the Caribbean. It is a major contribution to development studies literature, appealling to policymakers, students and scholars of Development Studies and Economics, Sociology, Politics, and International Relations.

The tropics is an area of enormous opportunity and potential. The countries situated between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are largely developing in nature. There is huge interest in the types of business investments made in Southeast Asia, Central Africa, and the Amazonian tropical belts. These tropical regions continue to face opportunities and challenges in attracting foreign direct investments as well as the need to complement and/or compete with larger economies external to the tropics.This book provides an empirical assessment of the key sociocultural, economic, environmental, and political factors that influence the business dynamics of organizations operating within the tropics. It will address but is not limited to topics such as attracting businesses to the tropics, facilitating smooth, stable conditions for business operations and sustainability, national institutions, and regulations that shape the way business is done, and the increasing deployment of new technologies and entrepreneurial innovations which are defining the global tropics as a distinct business region. It will offer readers a key focus for developing a deeper understanding of the factors and frameworks that influence and shape business activity in the area.While the primary audience for the book consists of academics and students from the fields of economics (environmental economics, developmental economics), business, international trade, tourism, and area studies, it will also provide a practical resource for government policy analysts wanting to fully appreciate some of the key economic and business issues facing the region.

This volume explores institutional change and performance in the resource-rich Andean countries during the last resource boom and in the early post-boom years.The latest global commodity boom has profoundly marked the face of the resource-rich Andean region, significantly contributing to economic growth and notable reductions of poverty and income inequality. The boom also constituted a period of important institutional change, with these new institutions sharing the potential of preventing or mitigating the maladies extractive economies tend to suffer from, generally denominated as the "resource curse". This volume explores these institutional changes in the Andean region to identify the factors that have shaped their emergence and to assess their performance. The interdisciplinary and comparative perspective of the chapters in this book provide fine-grained analyses of different new institutions introduced in the Andean countries and discusses their findings in the light of the resource curse approach. They argue that institutional change and performance depend upon a much larger set of factors than those generally identified by the resource curse literature. Different, domestic and external, economic, political and cultural factors such as ideological positions of decision-makers, international pressure or informal practices have shaped institutional dynamics in the region. Altogether, these findings emphasize the importance of nuanced and contextualized analysis to better understand institutional dynamics in the context of extractive economies.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of the extractive industries, natural resource management, political economics, Latin American studies and sustainable development.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

"The current climate emergency demands disruptive solutions. The authors propose a new regenerative strategy that encapsulates cutting-edge climate solutions, capable of achieving net-zero emissions, with a new purpose for the firm guided by "ecoemotional wealth" and related new ecological ethical and moral values"--

This edited book brings together insights from scholars and practitioners from many different fields to uncover the role of the construction and real estate sectors and how they align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It follows a lifecycle-based approach to the topic, addressing the design, construction, management, investment, and regulatory dimensions of projects in the area. It expands the reader¿s understanding of the built environment beyond the design and construction phases, which enables the collection to explore the links and transitions between different project phases and uncover new methodologies that aim to tackle systemic sustainable development challenges. The chapters¿ comprehensive coverage allows the collection to capitalize on the strengths and weaknesses of the building industry, highlight emerging trends, and uncover some critical gaps that need to be addressed to attain the 2030 vision. This puts into perspective the interconnected nature of the SDGs and highlights the importance of multi-stakeholder collaborations in achieving them.

This book will serve as a ready reckoner of contemporary information regarding municipal solid waste landfill biomining, treatment of landfill leachate and heavy metals in a single platform. The academicians, researchers, and students at master's and doctoral levels will be able to understand the current trends in municipal solid waste landfill operations, which will help in augmenting their research. Construction of new landfills requires huge monetary investments, which can be avoided if old landfills were bio-mined for resources and the space can be re-used as new landfills. Landfill leachate is a hazardous waste which needs proper treatment that could generate value-added products such as clean energy and biofertilizers. In this book, each chapter would provide the background, methodology, and relevant calculations for sustaining landfill operations. Also, the case studies based on best practices in municipal solid waste landfilling are discussed in this book.

This book examines contemporary policy debates from opposing perspectives. It considers seven key topics in today¿s society: land use, education, international trade, health insurance, technological change, and recreational alcohol and drugs. Two scholars with differing viewpoints discuss each topic, one working in the classical liberal tradition and the other advocating slower, incremental societal change. While classical liberalism historically presents a vision of society comprised of free and responsible individuals, this book shows the importance of considering the nuances of this vision today. Beyond theoretical regulation vs. de-regulation debates, the book highlights challenges for classical liberals by considering how dynamism and creative destruction may disrupt communities, leading to worse outcomes for some groups. This edited volume aims to deepen understanding of this challenge to a free society and partake in and encourage civil intellectual discourse and debate. It willinterest students and scholars from various fields, including economics, political science, public health, and environmental studies.

In diesem essential lesen Sie, wie durch marktwirtschaftliche Methoden, Innovationen und Investitionen grunes Wachstum"e; erreicht werden kann, ohne dass dabei die Bedurfnisse jener drei Milliarden Menschen vergessen werden, denen es schon heute am Notigsten fehlt. Im Kontext der Nachhaltigkeitsziele werden die Unterschiede zwischen Green Growth"e; und Degrowth"e; erlautert. In Anbetracht der Verteilungskonflikte ist Wachstum keine Frage des Ob"e;, sondern des Wie"e;. Die Umwelt muss dafur ein Preisschild bekommen. Der Knappheitsfaktor Umwelt ist es auch, der die Transformation zur Net-Zero-Wirtschaft ermoglichen und neue Wachstumschancen bieten wird. Gerade in einer Welt von Niedrigzinsen lenkt dies das Augenmerk auf die Chance mittels Finance For Future"e;, die Welt zum Besseren zu verandern. Eine Win-Win-Win-Situation fur die Umwelt, die Wirtschaft und die Anleger.Der Autor spendet das Honorar aus dem Erlos der Verkaufe an Hessen-Forst.

In diesem Open-Access-Buch werden Wege aufgezeigt, mit verschiedenen Formen von Ungewissheiten und der Dynamik von Ungewissheiten bezüglich der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle umzugehen. Die sichere Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle erfordert es, über Zeiträume von bis zu einer Million Jahre hinaus zu planen. Ein solches Vorhaben ist von erheblichen Ungewissheiten begleitet, die sich zudem auf dem Entsorgungsweg verändern. Dem Sammelband liegen inter- und transdisziplinäre Forschungsergebnisse zugrunde. Die Autor:innen sprechen in allgemein verständlicher Sprache eine breite Leserschaft an, die sich für die Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle oder grundlegender für den Umgang mit Vorhaben, die sehr langfristig angelegt sind, interessiert.

This book examines both the need for sustainable economics and the financial practices that will underpin it. The link between rising inequality and the threat to social sustainability is highlighted to create the Economic Scale of Global Boundaries model, which realigns GDP to include quantifiable environmental and social economic gains and losses. The model is applied at both the national and company level to show its practical application for policy and everyday business practice. The impacts of inequality, declining economic growth and the impending deadlines of the Sustainable Development Goals are also discussed in detail.This book aims to highlight how principles of the circular economy and ESG can be utilized to help meet net zero targets. It will be relevant to students, researchers, organizations, and policymakers interested in environmental economics and sustainability and is written to provoke predictive thinking on the global changes ahead.

"Weaving together the stories and voices of residents, anglers, community leaders, and environmental workers and researchers, this compelling account details the lives and livelihoods impacted by a once-unrivaled Michigan salmon fishery. From the introduction of Chinook salmon to the Great Lakes in the late 1960s, a thriving recreational fishery industry arose in Northern Michigan, attracting thousands of anglers to small towns like Rogers City each week at its peak. By the early 2000s, a crisis loomed beneath the surface of Lake Huron as the population of a prey fish species called alewife unexpectedly collapsed, depleting the salmon's main source of food. By 2007, the salmon population had collapsed too, leaving local fisheries and their respective communities lacking a key commodity and a bid on fishery tourism. Author, angler, and ecologist Carson Prichard artfully incorporates fisheries science and local news media into an oral history that is entertaining, rich, and genuine. Complementing an ecological understanding of events, this narrative details the significance of the fishery and its loss as experienced by the townspeople whose lives it touched."--Amazon.com.

Knowledge management and advanced information technologies such as AI, IoT, machine learning, and more can create digital tools and solutions to build more resilient, climate neutral, and green economies and societies. These digital tools and solutions and knowledge management can have a heavy impact on the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Asia. Perspectives on the Transition Toward Green and Climate Neutral Economies in Asia offers innovative conceptual frameworks and theories, case studies, and empirical studies to understand how knowledge management and digital innovation can foster the transition towards more circular and climate neutral economies as well as greener economies in Asia. This book discusses how key and enabling digital tools and solutions and knowledge management can support the achievement of SDGs by 2030. Covering topics such as climate neutral economies, image recognition, and usability evaluation, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for deans, heads of departments, directors, politicians, policymakers, corporate heads, senior general managers, managing directors, librarians, students and educators of higher education, academicians, and researchers.

"This book explains the science and engineering of energy to help everyone understand and compare current and future advances in renewable energy, providing the context to critically examine the different technologies that are competing in a fast-evolving engineering, political, and economic landscape, to help drive the renewable energy transition"--

Sustainability is part of every aspect of our life, with climate concerns shaping the future. Thus, it is important to understand how metaverse will affect sustainability, as it is opening both challenges and opportunities for environmental sustainability. On the one side, replacing real-world interactions with 3D virtual and exchanging physical goods with digital ones are significantly less resource-intensive and more carbon-efficient. Therefore, this holds the promise of reducing the environmental pollution. On the other side, metaverse increases e-waste and energy consumption. Given this controversial impact, it is crucial for businesses and researchers to understand how to ensure that the metaverse develops sustainably. This book is popping out several questions: Do businesses understand the metaverse concept and perceive the benefits and advantages of implementing such technologies? How will the metaverse change business? Will metaverse change ourworking place and skills needed? How can companies get ahead of the change and mold it to their advantage? Will businesses use metaverse? Can metaverse create a more sustainable word? How can we make the metaverse better than what we have now? Is it going to affect environmental sustainability? Will it cause more severe climate problems, or would it be the solution? How can metaverse impact the achievements of SDGs?

This book first provides a comprehensive guideline for future disaster-resistant city planning in large cities in disaster-prone countries such as Japan. It is a compilation of knowledge and know-how obtained through the author's work in the national government for one and half years in the Earthquake Reconstruction Headquarters, right after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake on 17 January 1995. The author has carefully examined the various ad hoc measures taken just after the earthquake, which were criticized because they did not work as well as expected. Additionally, he has examined the later revisions in disaster and risk management systems made at the levels of local and national governments through experience in the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, to which the author had long been committed. The author argues that the rescue activities, rehabilitation, and reconstruction plans for disaster countermeasures implemented once a disaster has occurred and the city planning established in ordinary times should be extremely tightly connected with each other. City planning that subsumes rescue activities, rehabilitation, and reconstruction plans against what ought to have happened would critically improve the capability of crisis management and, consequently, protect life and property once a disaster has occurred. Such city planning eventually creates disaster-resistant cities. This book assumes readers to be graduate students who study city planning. It is also beneficial for practitioners and policy makers who are in charge of the construction of disaster-resistant cities at the national and local levels of governments, especially in disaster-prone countries. 

This book evaluates local conservation successes of global south in the climate milieu, as an empirical evidence of 'Bio-rights' of commons at community-ecosystem interface for sustainable intensification of nature's goods and services. Bio-rights is a right-based neo-economic conservation paradigm that compensates the opportunity costs incurred in conservation efforts by the marginal communities, living near globally important ecosystems and dependent on it for their livelihood, through payments from environment services. The book would bring forth the true value of circular economic interventions in socio-ecological conservation, shaped through sustainable human interactions with nature. This multilevel study of conservation science serves an interdisciplinary academia, consistent with conventions on climate change, bio-diversity and sustainable development, to establish links between conservation priorities and development objectives. Herein, Bio-rights is introduced as a 'design approach' for production linked sustainable development, supplemented with case studies from the east.

The most interesting issues in environmental and resource economics have an explicit temporal dimension, since variables of interest such as pollutants, greenhouse gases, biomass of biological resources, or the stocks of fossil fuels accumulate in the ambient environment or are depleted through human actions and natural processes.The purpose of these lectures is to present the mathematical tools for analyzing environmental and resource management issues in a dynamic set-up.The lectures include a brief description of differential equations and then move on to describe methods of optimal control, dynamic programing, and differential games. The final chapters cover two novel topics: (1) environmental issues characterized by deep uncertainty, and aversion to ambiguity using robust control methods and formulations of precautionary policies; and (2) the study of pollution/resource management in space and time when the environmental variables evolve in time and diffuse in space.The lectures are a valuable tool for advanced graduate students in environmental and resource economics who are studying dynamic problems.

In this six-session video Bible study, pastor and teacher Joel Muddamalle reveals that the solution to breaking free from destructive and unhealthy patterns is to return to practicing humility.

This publication is designed as a field kit to help Nepal's Kathmandu Upatayaka Khanepani Ltd. (KUKL) follow standard environmental planning, monitoring, and reporting in its work to supply water and sanitation to the Kathmandu Valley.Practical and detailed, the kit will support the Project Implementation Directorate of KUKL as it works to prepare the environmental safeguard documents and build structured monitoring tools to ensure sustainable infrastructure development practices. Including outlines for environmental assessments, management plans, and bidding documents, it offers readily accessible forms and templates to support overall project implementation uniformity and quality, and will serve as a useful resource for other stakeholders.

In recent years, there has been an upsurge in the number of forced displacements due to natural disasters, armed conflicts, and pandemics, which has favoured an increase in the number of temporary accommodations. Although the provision of shelter after an emergency situation is one of the priorities of humanitarian aid, the reality is that the conditions in which people live in a situation of forced displacement are absolutely precarious and overcrowded. Nowadays, this type of housing tends to have a short lifespan, deepening the environmental impact and the generation of waste. Likewise, added to this great problem is the linear economic system implemented worldwide, which also causes a high rate of waste.This investigation develops an eco-efficient design protocol that determines the basic premises in any emergency situation, therefore avoiding the precarious nature to which those in forced displacement are exposed. Moreover, the research investigates different constructive solutions that can respond to situations of natural catastrophes or humanitarian disasters where emergency housing is needed as well as the possible alternatives from the point of view of circular economy. Eco-efficient and environmentally correct solutions are sought, which can be adaptable to the different scenarios where emergency housing may be needed, thus creating a rapid, easy, functional, and environmentally correct architecture, adaptable to these types of situations.The study shows that the factors that characterize emergency architecture can be an example of where the issues around the sustainability factor are applied in a practical way. The main objectives of this study are to develop an eco-efficient design protocol which determines the basic premises in any emergency situation and to find eco-efficient and environmentally correct solutions, adaptable to different scenarios, which have similar climatic characteristics, and where emergency housing may be needed, thus creating a type of ephemeral architecture but sensitive to the user to whom it is intended and in accordance with the optimal conditions of habitability.

'This book, written in crystal-clear style, develops the most profound philosophical discussion ever held of ecological economics.'>'A brilliant contribution to a radical paradigm of social ecological economics concerned with both disciplinary and social-ecological transformation as necessary conditions for achieving a world in which we all, and all other species, can flourish.'>'The book is deeply rooted in the theory of science, offering a very enlightening text about fundamental issues for science that too often are glossed over or misunderstood.'>Exploring radical dissent from orthodox mainstream economics, this book presents a theoretically grounded vision for the emerging paradigm of social ecological economics. At its heart lies the paradigm-shifting acknowledgement that economies are inextricably embedded in biophysical reality and social structure. The struggle for revisioning in the face of environmental crises is articulated through a critical examination of economic thought, and a nuanced evaluation of contributions from Marxists, socialists, critical institutionalists, feminists and Post Keynesians. Synthesising diverse insights, the book navigates the philosophical underpinnings of a critical and realist revolutionary transformative science, emphasising the pivotal role of values and ideology. These radical and philosophical foundations establish a new preanalytic vision of economics, dismantling entrenched notions of growth and efficiency in favour of social provisioning and needs embedded in ethics. An agenda emerges that requires social ecological transformation and diverse alternative economies. This book provides a compelling call to action in the face of contemporary crises.

The objective of the book is to adopt the application of data analytics to enhance the sustainability and resilience of the green supply chain networks. To demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the method, the book adopts different data analytic models and approaches against the backdrop of case studies. In summary, this book attempts to address the question of methods, tools, and techniques that can be used to create resilient, anti-fragile, reliable, and invulnerable green supply chain networks.