Miljøøkonomi

Plastic pollution is one of the biggest challenges of the twenty-first century that requires innovative and varied solutions. Focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, this book brings together interdisciplinary, multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder perspectives exploring challenges and opportunities for utilising digital innovations to manage and accelerate the transition to a circular plastic economy (CPE).This book is organised into three sections bringing together discussion of environmental conditions, operational dimensions and country case studies of digital transformation towards the circular plastic economy. It explores the environment for digitisation in the circular economy, bringing together perspectives from practitioners in academia, innovation, policy, civil society and government agencies. The book also highlights specific country case studies in relation to the development and implementation of different innovative ideas to drive the circular plastic economy across the three sub-Saharan African regions. Finally, the book interrogates the policy dimensions and practitioner perspectives towards a digitally enabled circular plastic economy.Written for a wide range of readers across academia, policy and practice, including researchers, students, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), digital entrepreneurs, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and multilateral agencies, policymakers and public officials, this book offers unique insights into complex, multilayered issues relating to the production and management of plastic waste and highlights how digital innovations can drive the transition to the circular plastic economy in Africa.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Degrowth Decolonization and Development reveals common underlying cultural roots to the multiple current crises. It shows that culture is an essential sphere to initiate fundamental changes and solutions as it brings about transformative imaginaries on a theoretical, political and practical level. The book focusses on the interplay between culture and the environment, society and the economy. It provides a critique of concepts associated with the term ¿Development¿ and reveals knowledge and theories outside the comfort zone of the mainstream Western theoretical landscape, which will certainly be instrumental in the decolonization of both development theories and practices. The book convincingly reveals the large array of domains, which, when interpreted from a decolonization and Degrowth perspective, can be managed through logics of environmental justice, social equity and equality, and generate societally more desirable outcomes. The book presents a multidisciplinary perspective on the contemporary global crises and features interdisciplinary analyses thereof through the lenses of cultural studies, critical development studies, political economy, eco-feminist political ecology, anthropology and sociology. Degrowth Decolonization and Development unveils the fundamental role of the dichotomies characterizing the Western modern development paradigm in shaping today¿s actions, and especially the dichotomies of Global North and Global South, Centre and Periphery, Developed and Developing/Underdeveloped, Man and Nature. Degrowth Decolonization and Development addresses all researchers and activists interested in sustainability transformation and decolonization processes in Development studies.Degrowth Decolonization and Development is structured as a collection of seven original case studies. These are authored by researchers who met when presenting their work in Decolonization and Degrowth panels from the ISEE-ESEE-Degrowth Conference, Manchester, July 5-8, 2021, and the 8th International Degrowth Conference in The Hague, Netherlands, August 24-28, 2021. The concluding chapter proposes a synthesis identifying key concepts and steps in cultural change for the decolonization of the Western worldview towards ¿pluriverse¿ alternatives. The book traces future imaginaries for modelling future new systemic solutions and a needed radical change.

This book defends and articulates an ¿Engaged Buddhist¿ approach to economics as a response to the destructive effects of global capitalism. The author posits that Buddhist understandings of the distortions of greed, aversion, and ignorance can be read to apply not only to mental states but also to socio-political ones, and that such a reading suggests rational responses to current social and environmental challenges. The book proposes that we engage both ¿inner and outer¿ modes of transformation through which to free ourselves from our current human-made, dysfunctional systems: the former, by examining the workings of our own minds, the latter by criticizing and reforming our economic systems. Since traditional Buddhism provides few sources to build a Buddhist economic vision, this work brings together Buddhist notions of skillful practice, John Dewey¿s pragmatic principles for social provisioning, and institutional economics. The author provides two case studies for experiments in Buddhist-based socioeconomic policies, Thailand and Bhutan. Of special interest is the implied parallel between worldviews emerging from modern socially-engaged Buddhism and Dewey¿s notion of a human existential drive to shape the world in collectively beneficial ways.

While polluting industries in the U.S. continue to emit billions of pounds of toxic chemicals into the air, land and water every year, many economists and policy makers argue that environmental regulations stifle economic growth and reduce the standard of living for the American people. This book takes a fresh look at this question through three case studies of highly regulated polluting industries in the Southern California region: metal finishing, wood furniture, and dry cleaning. The case studies are based on a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, including in-depth interviews with corporate managers and environmental regulators. The authors find that there is no universal pattern for predicting the effects of environmental regulations on industrial competitiveness, but that the outcomes depend on the structure of the industry being regulated, the design of the regulations, and the technologies that are available for compliance. The book is written in straight forwardlanguage that is accessible to the non-economist and will prove an essential resource for academics and students of all levels, and professionals and policy makers in the fields of environmental policy and regional economic development.

Groundwater Economics and Policy in South Asia is a reference guide focusing on groundwater management and groundwater economics in South Asia. The author compares the regional variations across South Asia and the public policies that shaped the groundwater sector and presents the most up-to-date information on groundwater management using practical case-studies and empirical data. With the inclusion of strong methodological solutions for sustainable groundwater management, scholars in the fields of geohydrology, agricultural sciences, water resource economics, and professionals in water science and policy will get access to the latest policies and methods used in groundwater research in South Asia.

Recent Developments in Green Finance, Green Growth and Carbon Neutrality explains the role of green finance in transforming the global economy into a green and carbon neutral one. The book explores the synergy between green growth strategy and green finance policy (2G) and carbon neutrality in an economic-environmental-financial framework that helps readers understand how to design a feasible path toward achieving carbon neutrality through economic initiatives and financial innovations. It shows how to apply the notion of green growth to organizations and illustrates the need for a theory of energy economics that estimates the benefits of a low-carbon transition and carbon neutrality. Sections include historical background, relevant literature necessary to understand topics, the notions of green finance, green growth and carbon neutrality from an economic perspective. Other sections cover models and methods of carbon neutrality assessment, the nexus between carbon neutrality and economic development, green growth and financial development, green finance and green energy exploration and consumption, and more. Two chapters specifically focused on UN SDGs 7 and 13 round out the book, and it concludes with a final section that gathers and integrates the concepts discussed throughout the book.

Focusing on energy, transportation, information, and economic networks and flows, Integration of Energy, Information,Transportation and Humanity uniquely examines the interconnection, interaction, and integration across these multiple sectors. It helps readers understand the correlation of energy, transportation, and information via the integration of humanity world, cyber world and physical world. It clearly explains the objectives of the integration of energy network, transportation network, information network, humanity network, as well as the integration of energy flow, information flow, material flow and value flow (4N4F); the philosophy, science, and engineering of the integration of 4N4F; the mechanism, keys and benefits of the integration of 4N4F; the carriers of the integration of 4N4F; and the framework of the integration of 4N4F.

Continues to fill gaps between the descriptive, conceptual, and transformative sustainability science Sustainability is increasingly important across functional sectors and scientific disciplines. Policy-makers, practitioners, and academics continue to wrestle with the complexity of risk, resilience, and sustainability, but because of the necessary transdisciplinary focus, it is difficult to find authoritative content in a single source. Sustainability Science: Managing Risk and Resilience for Sustainable Development, Second Edition, contributes to filling that gap and is completely revised with several new chapters. It asserts that all efforts for the sustainability of humankind are undermined by the four fundamental challenges of complexity, uncertainty, ambiguity, and dynamic change. While there are no silver bullets, this book contends that we need systems approaches, risk approaches, participatory approaches, and resilience approaches to address each of them and endeavours to provide such. With that in mind, this book describes the state of the world (Part I), proposes a way to approach the world (Part II), and suggests how to set out to change the world (Part III).

Earth Observation for Monitoring and Modeling Land Use presents a practical guide and theoretical overview of the latest techniques and Earth observation technologies applied to land use and land cover change through qualitative assessment of Earth observation technologies. The book's chapters include detailed case studies, Earth observation datasets, and detailed applications of the technologies covered that are presented in a way that each chapter is a self-contained guide on a specific application of Earth observation technologies to land use problems, ensuring all technical and background information is provided on each subject without the need for cross-referencing or searching for other sources.The book spatializes the understanding of monitoring land cover and use, and quantifies the challenges faced, allowing analysis of the dynamics of the territory in terms of occupation processes, land use, and its transformations. It focuses on practical applications of using remote sensing and modeling that support new research in relation to monitoring of land use and spectral modelling, elucidating the importance of advanced methodologies in the coverage and use mappings of the Earth.

Ripu Daman Kumar's book "Activated Carbon From Shells of Walnut Almond Poplar Tree Wood for Phenolics and Heavy Metals Adsorption From Contaminated Water" is a thorough manual on how to make activated carbon out of several materials, including the shells of walnut, almond, and poplar tree wood. The use of activated carbon to remove phenolics and heavy metals from contaminated water is the main topic of this book. The author gives information on the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials used in the manufacturing of activated carbon as well as a description of the process itself.The adsorption of phenolics and heavy metals from contaminated water using activated carbon is covered in great length in the book. It addresses a variety of subjects, including the carbon's capacity for adsorption, the impact of various parameters on the adsorption process, and the application of activated carbon in the treatment of water.For those working in the fields of environmental science, water treatment, and chemical engineering, this book is an invaluable resource. This book is a thorough reference for anyone interested in the production and use of activated carbon in the removal of impurities from water due to the exhaustive description of the processes involved in both its manufacturing and its usage in water treatment.For individuals who are interested in the creation and application of efficient techniques for the treatment of polluted water, "Activated Carbon From Shells of Walnut Almond Poplar Tree Wood for Phenolics and Heavy Metals Adsorption From Contaminated Water" is a must-read.

The book provides a comprehensive review of renewable energy from an economic perspective throughout the last two hundred years, starting from traditional renewable energy based on bio and hydro energy. The focus is on modern renewable energy based on geothermal, wind, and solar energy. It emerged when innovative entrepreneurs captured opportunities for valuable energy services. As the services with renewable energy expanded, the costs of technologies decreased entailing global commercialisation. This enables larger access to energy and emission reduction of carbon dioxide, but also causes larger differences in the energy resources across countries which impedes international policies. That optimistic viewpoint on the shift to the global low-carbon economy is largely based on statistical data about purchasing power, energy consumption and businesses, and valuable energy services in many countries on all continents. The data are presented in 70 tables, graphs, and figures, most of them original. Interpretation of the data are useful in support of decisions making about sustainable development in civil society, businesses, and policy makers as well as for the verifications of scholarly hypotheses and projections in energy and climate policies.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Mining, Geotechnical and Geoengineering provides recent advances in mining, geotechnical and geoengineering, as well as applications of artificial intelligence in these areas. It serves as the first book on applications of artificial intelligence in mining, geotechnical and geoengineering, providing an opportunity for researchers, scholars, engineers, practitioners and data scientists from all over the world to understand current developments and applications. Topics covered include slopes, open-pit mines, quarries, shafts, tunnels, caverns, underground mines, metro systems, dams and hydro-electric stations, geothermal energy, petroleum engineering, and radioactive waste disposal. In the geotechnical and geoengineering aspects, topics of specific interest include, but are not limited to, foundation, dam, tunneling, geohazard, geoenvironmental and petroleum engineering, rock mechanics, geotechnical engineering, soil mechanics and foundation engineering, civil engineering, hydraulic engineering, petroleum engineering, engineering geology, etc.

This book offers a lively account of the humanitarian, economic, societal, and planetwide impacts of the pandemics, the COVID-19 pandemic included, which are traced back to as early as the 14th century plague pandemic. Placing the pandemics along with other globally shared resources, such as global warming, AI singularity, and high-risk physics experiments, each of the nine chapters of the book discusses the global health crises from a variety of unique standpoints, including infectious diseases, economics, governance, and public health. Based on the historical records of past pandemics and the rich data from the COVID-19 pandemic, a conceptual framework is presented for the economics of pandemics as a globally shared experience.This book aims to critically examine salient features in the global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, including global governance, lockdowns, radical movements, and mRNA vaccines. The book will be a valuable resource to students, researchers, and policymakers who are working in the fields of environmental economics, global-scale public goods, and health economics.

This book includes the proceedings of the Mitigating Climate Change 2021 Symposium and Industry Summit (MCC2021), which brings together research from experts in academia, industry, and policy arenas to uncover the challenges, sharpen existing solutions, and formulate cutting-edge means to mitigate climate change. It highlights the need to create sustainable measures at all fronts including adaptation, policy, finance, renewable energy, solar, wind, thermoelectric, green transportation, and sustainable healthcare. This symposium will disseminate the state-of-the-art breakthroughs and promote collaborations to maximize opportunities for innovative solutions.

This book discusses the basic and cutting-edge theories in the area of energy diplomacy in the global context, focusing on topics such as international dialogues on energy, government-directed partnerships, international energy games, the activities of international agencies, and public energy diplomacy. It also analyzes in detail the relationship between global energy diplomacy and international energy, while at the same time identifying the major problems of Chinäs energy diplomacy to provide a framework for the country¿s energy diplomacy strategy¿an essential component of Chinäs overall diplomatic strategy.

Understanding the ground rules of climate change for business. Climate has changed the game for business around the world. With climate-related disasters causing billions in damage and public pressure rising, over 100 nations have set 2050 net-zero carbon-emissions targets within the framework of the 2015 Paris Agreement. Thousands of companies have registered with the Carbon Disclosure Project. In a recent survey of large, global firms, one-third reported that climate change was already affecting their operations. Business leaders need help navigating this complex, fast-changing environment. In the flood of new policies and information, how can you tell what news matters, and its impact? Which arguments and reports are grounded in sound science and economics, and which are not?This indispensable guidebook by Harvard Business School professor and policy expert Gunnar Trumbull answers this need. As managers around the world confront and educate themselves about how climate change is affecting their businesses, A Concise Business Guide to Climate Change provides a single, short, and accessible account of the information crucial to understanding and addressing these new challenges. What causes climate change? How do countries and companies measure their climate impact? What is the role of carbon markets? How are governments responding? What kind of corporate emissions targets make sense, and how can they be achieved? In crisp, reader-friendly, and data-rich chapters, this book presents the basic scientific, economic, policy, and accounting frameworks that managers need to answer these questions. Whether you read it from start to finish for a complete overview or use it as a reference when confronted with specific challenges, let this book be your go-to business guide for dealing with climate change.

Handbook of Thermal Management Systems: e-Mobility and Other Energy Applications is a comprehensive reference on the thermal management of key renewable energy sources and other electronic components. With an emphasis on practical applications, the book addresses thermal management systems of batteries, fuel cells, solar panels, electric motors, as well as a range of other electronic devices that are crucial for the development of sustainable transport systems. Chapters provide a basic understanding of the thermodynamics behind the development of a thermal management system, update on Batteries, Fuel Cells, Solar Panels, and Other Electronics, provide a detailed description of components, and discuss fundamentals. Dedicated chapters then systematically examine the heating, cooling, and phase changes of each system, supported by numerical analyses, simulations and experimental data. These chapters include discussion of the latest technologies and methods and practical guidance on their application in real-world system-level projects, as well as case studies from engineering systems that are currently in operation. Finally, next-generation technologies and methods are discussed and considered.

This Manual provides three 'roadmaps' and associated detailed step-by-step notes for the separate disciplines of 'Environmental', 'Social' and 'Governance' management. The material sets out key practical ESG tasks for business organisations. It should be read with the associated management book "ESG - Making the Connection" which is freely available in downloadable format from our associated website: esgnow.org.uk where individual chapters can be downloaded in PDF format. The only elements not available for download are in this printed Manual. The Manual provides a hard copy of the book's three key roadmaps - one for 'E' (environmental) one for 'S' (social) and one for 'G' (governance), plus explanatory notes. The roadmaps are provided here as chapters 11, 14 and 17. The associated explanatory notes are here, as chapters 12, 15 and 18. You may want to return to esgnow.org.uk from time to time as the chapters may be revised and there are useful links and regular topical updates. We wish you well on your ESG journey.

Spatial Modeling of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Risk provides valuable information and insights for researchers, students and professionals in geography, hydrology, sedimentology, soil science, agriculture, engineering and GIS as they face increasingly complex challenges around development strategies for a sustainable society. Written by the world's leading researchers in their field, each article will begin with a short introductory essay that includes an overview of the sections' papers. Individual chapters focus on the core themes of research and knowledge and some topics that have received lesser attention. Each chapter will review the current understanding of knowledge regarding the present study and scope and consider where future efforts should be directed.

Stellen Sie sich vor, ein demokratischer Staat muss ein komplexes Problem lösen. Der Lösung muss eine Mehrheit der Bevölkerung zustimmen. Es stehen zwei Lösungen zur Wahl: Eine komplizierte, die schwer zu verstehen ist, das Problem aber löst und eine einfache, die leicht verständlich dargestellt werden kann, aber falsch ist, und das Problem nicht löst. Welche wird die Wahl gewinnen? Vermutlich die leichte, falsche Lösung.Wir Menschen tragen den ¿sense making Trieb¿ in uns. Wir wollen verstehen, was um uns herum geschieht. Die Welt ist aber zu schwierig und zu kompliziert, um sie tatsächlich begreifen zu können. Das macht die leichten Scheinlösungen so verführerisch. Wir lieben sie, weil sie uns vorgaukeln, wir wüssten Bescheid. Politiker wissen das und bedienen uns mit leichter Kost und die Medien wissen es auch. Das führt zu der Frage: Sind Demokratien mit Ihrer breiten politischen Mitbestimmung überhaupt in der Lage, die hochkomplexen Probleme unserer Zeit zu lösen? Früher hat uns das Denken in weltanschaulichen Bahnen geholfen. Aber die Zeit ist darüber hinweggegangen und heute gibt keine klaren "linken" oder "rechten" Lösungen mehr. Wir brauchen deshalb dringend neue Wege, um als Demokratie zu überleben. Das Besondere an diesem Buch: Es enthält in jedem Kapitel auch eine Audioversion des Textes.