Urban økonomi

This volume explores one of the most complex labour landscapes of India - the urban daily labour market. These markets form an important sector of the urban informal labour market and contribute significantly to the Indian economy. This book presents an empirical, comparative picture of daily labour markets, in Gujarat, Western India.

This book examines real cases of smart city management across Asia and Europe. It covers regions such as Iceland, Estonia, Poland, Germany, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam to systemise the knowledge in the field.

This book is a novel contribution, combining recent theoretical developments and empirical contributions, as well as the recent and latest trends and challenges on the issue of Forgotten Spaces. It fills a gap in current research, adding empirical evidence about these places, as well as about the role of their actors.

This book addresses regional development theories and policies, with a special focus on forgotten places, and raises emerging questions about recent theoretical advances, as well as trends and challenges in the field.

This book explores the public acceptability of congestion pricing in the Chinese context. Successful in western cities, notably London, congestion pricing has overcome vested interests to revitalize city centers and reduce pollution. Given the radically different nature of China's culture and political system, the author articulates why public acceptability should be an issue and how it will look in an authoritarian context. Based on stakeholder interviews, focus groups and an attitudinal survey, this book will interest policymakers, planners, and scholars of transport governance.

This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of building design and construction, by focusing on new design solutions for buildings and new technologies creation for construction, as presented by researchers and engineers at the 4th International Conference Building Innovations (ICBI), held in Poltava ¿ Baku, Ukraine ¿ Azerbaijan, on May 19-20, 2022. It covers highly diverse topics, including structures operation, repairing and thermal modernization in existing buildings and urban planning features, machines and mechanisms for construction, as well as efficient economy and energy conservation issues in construction. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.

Technology transfer studies are usually framed through Economics and Management Sciences, but this volume Geography of Technology Transfer in China seeks to reveal the mechanism of technology transfer from the geographical perspective. It not only depicts the spatial evolution laws of glocal technology transfer networks, but also uses regression models to uncover the two-way effects between the networks and innovative capacity. In addition, this book highlights the integration and interaction of networks on both the global and local scales. A theoretical framework on glocal networks of technology transfer is established based on a series of economic geography bases in order to depict the spatial differences and coupling mechanism among multi-scaled networks in China.This book consists of 5 parts and 10 chapters, which illustrate the background, theoretical basis, spatial evolution, dual-way influences, and policy implications of technology transfer in China, presenting a clear structure both theoretically and empirically. The book begins with the "what", "why", and "how" questions behind geographical studies on technology transfer to clarify the purpose of the book and its differentiation from present technology transfer studies. Thereafter, it discusses the "holy trinity" framework of glocal technology transfer networks consisting of cultural, territorial, and networked subsystems. To this end, the spatial evolution of the technology transfer is highlighted through soical network analysis, which aims at depicting the geographical rules of China's technology transfer networks at global, domestic, and regional scales. Based on these discoveries, the next part of the book further analyzes, through a series of regression models such as ERGM and NBRM, the kinds of determinants which have influenced the network size and how the network has in turn affected local innovation capacity . Lastly, the policy implications connect the findings of empirical studies with the operability of the national innovation system. On the whole, this book extensively covers the theoretical, empirical, and practical applications of the geography of technology transfer in China.

This guidebook provides practical tips and resources for conducting quality socioeconomic surveys to enhance the effectiveness of urban development and water projects. It explains the importance of high-quality socioeconomic surveys to strengthen project design, ensure robust due diligence, and inform evidence-based policies. Focusing on urban development and water projects, the guidebook discusses common mistakes made with socioeconomic surveys and provides good practices for implementing high quality face-to-face and digital surveys. It includes a standardized set of annotated questionnaires that consist of basic questions as well as expanded questions that enable a more robust understanding of project impacts.

This book highlights original research and recent advances in various fields related to smart cities and their applications. Bringing together new contributions by prominent researchers from around the globe, the book is a rich pedagogical tool and an inspiring research support for courses on computer science, electrical engineering, and urban sciences.The book gathers papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Smart City Applications (SCA 2022), held on October 19¿21, 2022, in Castelo Branco, Portugal.The technical program of SCA 2022 consisted of 80 papers. The keynote speakers were Eng. Loide Monteiro (Foundation Smart City Cape Verde), Prof. Teodora Vuckovic (University of Novi Sad), Prof. Susana Sargento (University of Aveiro), Prof. Andy Van Den Dobblesteen (TU Delft), and Prof. Juan Corchado (University of Salamanca).SCA 2022 provided a good forum for all researchers to discuss all aspects of science and technology that are relevantto smart city applications.

This book highlights recent findings in civil and environmental engineering and urban planning, and provides an overview of the state of the art in these fields, mainly in Russia and Eastern Europe. A broad range of topics and issues in modern engineering are discussed, including construction, buildings and structures, advanced materials, innovative technology, methods and techniques in civil engineering, heating, gas supply, water supply and sewerage, foundation engineering, BIM, structural reliability, durability and monitoring, special and unique structures construction (bridge, tunnel, road, railway engineering), design and construction of hydraulic structures, concrete engineering, urban regeneration and sustainable development, urban transport system, engineering structure safety and disaster prevention, water resources engineering, water and wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse of wastewater, etc. The volume gathers selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Construction, Architecture and Technosphere Safety (ICCATS), held in Sochi, Russia in September 2022. The authors are experts in various fields of engineering, and all papers have been carefully reviewed.

This book explores the growing spatial inequality in contemporary cities, and the opportunity of reframing the role of public open space as a tool of inclusion in a context of an increasing economic gap between the urban poor and rich. The first part outlines the geographical and theoretical frames of reference, which are then tested in the analysis of a case study: Cape Town. This city in South Africa was selected since its spatial aspects of separation are particularly evident due to the legacy of both apartheid and modernism. The examination of the policies of the City of Cape Town confirms the rising attention to public space since the 1990s. This slow progress of desegregation is tested through a critical study of one of the most disadvantaged areas of the city, Khayelitsha. The book explores the relevance and impact of an urban-design project, and reframes the role of public open space not only as a tool for restructuring the apartheid city, but also for reinterpreting other fragmented contemporary cities.

The book is the first to explore the history and political significance of the Japanese public housing program. In the 1960s, as Japan's postwar economy boomed, architects and urban planners inspired equally by Western modernism and Soviet ideas of housing as a basic right created new cityscapes to house populations turned into refugees by the war. Over time, as Japan's society aged and the economy began to stagnate, these structures have become a burden on society. In this closely researched monograph on the conditions of Japanese housing, Tatiana Knoroz sheds unexpected light on the rise and fall of the idea of social democracy in Japan which will be of interest to historians, architects, and scholars of Asian economic modernization.

Auroville in Tamil Nadu, South India, is an internationally recognized endeavour in prefiguring an alternative society: the largest, most diverse, dynamic and enduring of intentional communities worldwide. This book is a critical and insightful analysis of the utopian practice of this unique spiritual township, by a native scholar. The author explores how Auroville's founding spiritual and societal ideals are engaged in its communal political and economic organization, as well as various cultural practices and what enables and sustains this prefiguratively utopian practice. This in-depth, autoethnographic case study is an important resource for understanding prefigurative and utopian experiments - their challenges, potentialities and significance for the advancement of human society.

The Term "Psychological well-being" is referred as constructs among clinicians and men psychologists and psychological well-being professionalstal wellbeing experts. It basically means how a person evaluates his or her life. According to studies of Diener (1997), these evaluations may be as bits of knowledge or as impacts. The psychological part is an information based assessment of one's life. It is the place where a singular gives aware evaluative choice around one's satisfaction with life overall however the brimming with feeling part is a ravenous appraisal coordinated by sentiments and opinions, for instance, the rate at which people experience enchanting/horrible perspectives in light of events or conditions in their everyday presences. The speculation behind this that by far most evaluate their life as either sure or negative, so they are routinely prepared to offer choices. Further, people in every circumstance experience demeanor and sentiment, which have a decent effect or a critical effect. Along these lines, people have a level of profound flourishing whether or not they as often as possible intentionally think about it.

This book collects the latest academic achievements, research progress and policy propositions on the study of Chinäs special economic zones, with the aim to reflect the history, new development and new challenges of the construction of Chinese special economic zones. It presents the successful experience of the development of Guangdong¿Hong Kong¿Macao Greater Bay Area and the changes of its mission and analyzes the problems encountered in the development of Shenzhen special economic zones and the theory of economic system reform.

Image Cities takes us on a journey through cities the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranks highest according to their degree of "global interconnectedness." We find them in a process of transformation concealed behind dummy façades onto which a sense of heightened anticipation has been projected. It would be tempting to read these photographs as a polemic against the triumph of consumerism and a slowly numbing global visual-economic order that wraps itself around whatever once felt local and civic. Samoylova's photography is full of masterful refinements of the existing clichés of urban photography: Citizens dwarfed by giant images. Faces and bodies refracted through glass. The Pop-Cubism of visual bricolage. The minuscule human figures that stroll seemingly indifferent through city space while being at least partly somewhere else in their imaginations¿ their existence already a collage of places and times. Yet, Samoylova consciously engages with cliché, takes it apart and reassembles it, gambling that it can be taken to a level of pictorial sophistication that eludes any simple argument or statement. Instead, she invites us to reflect on photography's role in the creation of a gap between these citie's brand identity and their everyday reality.ANASTASIA SAMOYLOVA (*1984) grew up in Moscow. In 2008 she moved to the United States, where she graduated with a master's degree in Interdisciplinary Art from Bradley University, Illinois. Her work explores the tension between the staged perception of a bombastic materialism and reality. Living and working in Miami, Florida has become the backdrop for her combination of collage-like details with the genre of the road trip. Her recent series Flood Zones and Floridas have received great critical acclaim.

This book compares urban finances in cities located in two different South Asian countries and assesses their fiscal health. It uses simulation to estimate the required augmentation in financial resources by the urban local bodies (ULBs) to reach a level of city development that is significantly better compared to existing levels. The book provides a systematic analysis of the fiscal health of two city corporations in Bangladesh, viz. Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) and Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC); and one city corporation in the Indian state of West Bengal viz. Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). The choice of city corporations was based on the shared history and the similarity of heritage, culture, topography and socio-economic conditions. Both DNCC and DSCC as well as the KMC have a high population density, which puts immense pressure on the service delivery provided by these corporations of basic services such as water supply, sanitation facilities, street lighting, drainage and sewerage and waste disposal. This is compounded by poor fiscal health of the ULBs.  Using primary data collected through surveys and personal interviews and information obtained from official documents, the book estimates fiscal gaps of the ULBs and undertakes simple simulations to estimate potential revenue enhancements and expenditure requirements to deliver services at the internationally acceptable standards. It highlights under-exploited sources of revenue which can be better realized and also identifies untapped revenue sources that can be easily introduced, in order to significantly enhance city revenues. The book is an excellent resource not only for researchers studying this topic, but also for policy makers and urban planners, particularly those from developing countries having to deal with burgeoning cities with high migrant population density.

This book highlights a research-based design proposal which has the purpose of relieving from lack of global food supply. Due to the current overuse of land, it suggests an extension of aquatic food production with floating devices onto the sea. These devices are called SeaOasis because they function as an oasis as closed-loop systems and are therefore highly sustainable.Best geographic conditions for an extension from agriculture to aquaculture by SeaOasis match with coastal areas with serious or alarming hunger index. The low complexity, low-cost construction and the manageable size of the design is ideal for smallholders to support food security in terms of accessibility, affordability, and diversity of diet. Various configurations are described and coupled with expected revenues for potential seed-funded demonstration projects.The book presents the entire process from problem statement to design development and the preparation of its implementation. It showcases therefore also the benefits of aquatectural design as an interdisciplinary combination of aquatic architectural design, marine engineering and biology, sociology and economy

This book presents and critically evaluates the results of a European territorial cooperation project addressing the planning challenge of brownfield transformation in fragile territories. Set against the backdrop of the current scenario of deindustrialisation in the European Alps, the book describes how to read and interpret the spatial condition of industrial brownfields in peripheral mountain areas as complex transformation sites. Through key theoretical references, well-documented experiences and field activities, the book explores and advances an innovative methodology of design-based participatory planning conceived specifically for fragile socioeconomic and environmental contexts. The empirical basis for such a methodological exploration is provided by four pilot sites distributed between Austria, Italy, France and Slovenia, identified in the cooperation project as highly representative and recurring situations. The book includes a comparative review of the work carried out for the pilot sites, as well as the planning outcomes generated, providing a clear and operative reference for scholars, professionals and public officers called to face similar experiences.

This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of building design and construction, by focusing on new design solutions for buildings and new technologies creation for construction, as presented by researchers and engineers at the 3rd International Conference Building Innovations (ICBI), held in Poltava - Baku, Ukraine - Azerbaijan, on June 1-2, 2020. It covers highly diverse topics, including structures operation, repairing and thermal modernization in existing buildings and urban planning features, machines and mechanisms for construction, as well as efficient economy and energy conservation issues in construction. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.

This edited collection provides an alternative discourse on cities evolving with physically and virtually networked communities¿the ¿digital polis¿¿and offers a variety of perspectives from the humanities, media studies, geography, architecture, and urban studies. As an emergent concept that encompasses research and practice, the digital polis is oriented toward a counter-mapping of the digital cityscape beyond policing and gatekeeping in physical and virtual gated communities. Considering the digital polis as offering potential for active support of socially just and politically inclusive urban circumstances in ways that mirror the Greek polis, our attention is drawn towards the interweaving of the development of digital technology, urban space, and social dynamics. The four parts of this book address the formation of technosocial subjectivity, real-and-virtual combined urbanity, the spatial dimensions of digital exclusion and inclusion, and the prospect of emancipatoryand empowering digital citizens. Individual chapters cover varied topics on digital feminism, data activism, networked individualism, digital commons, real-virtual communalism, the post-family imagination, digital fortress cities, rights to the smart city, online foodscapes, and open-source urbanism across the globe. Contributors explore the following questions: what developments can be found over recent decades in both physical and virtual communities such as cyberspace, and what will our urban future be like? What is the ¿digital polis¿ and what kinds of new subjectivity does it produce? How does digital technology, as well as its virtuality, reshape the city and our spatial awareness of it? What kinds of exclusion and cooperation are at work in communities and spaces in the digital age? Each chapter responds to these questions in its own way, navigating readers through routes toward the digital polis.Chapter "Introduction - The digital polisand its practices: Beyond gated communities" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

"Using the case of Uber, Disrupting D.C. examines how on-demand platforms more broadly are, and are not, remaking urban life"--

The chapters of this book synthesize papers on the inter-related topics of urban economics, real estate, transportation and public policy and include applied and empirical research on a variety of sub-topics. These include innovative econometric techniques that are applied to timely problems, such as impacts of flooding in Vancouver, BC Canada on property values; and the determinants of traffic accident fatalities in the US and in Thailand. There are also chapters on more policy-oriented issues, such as the impacts of Covid-19 on real estate in Toronto, ON Canada. The book will appeal to the interest of academics, policy-makers, planners, and geographers.