Virksomhedsøkonomi

This book provides insights into current issues in corporate governance by examining twelve cases from the 2010s and 2020s where corporate governance was seen to be an issue. The cases are designed to introduce the reader to `real life¿ episodes with corporate governance implications, shedding light on why corporate scandals continue to occuer, to what extent these are a corporate governance failure, and in which ways corporate governance ¿ and the behaviour of those involved in ensuring good governance and an ethical culture in their business - may be improved in the future. This book will be of interest to businesspeople, students of business, and lawyers and motivate discussion on the reasons why corporate governance failed, or was seen to be inadequate.Professor Jean Jinghan Chen joined the University of Macau in 2018 as a Chair Professor in Accounting and Finance and the Dean of Faculty of Business Administration. Prior to joining the University of Macau, Professor Jean Chen worked in the UK Higher Education Sector for almost 30 years. She was a Chair Professor of Accounting and Finance in the University of Southampton, at the University of Surrey and at Xi¿an Jiaotong-Liverpool University.

Warren E. Buffett first took control of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., a small textile company, in April of 1965. A share changed hands for around $18 at the time. Fifty letters to shareholders later, the same share traded for $226,000, compounding investor capital at just under 21% per year-a multiplier of 12,556 times.This book compiles the full, un-edited versions of 50 years of Warren Buffett's letters to the shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway. In addition to providing an astounding case study on Berkshire's success, Buffett shows an incredible willingness to share his methods and act as a teacher to his many students.There are hundreds of books about Buffett's life, advice, and methods. These are his actual letters -- word for word -- a "lesson plan" of his views on business and investing. You can find most of the letters for free on Berkshire's website, but this compiles them into a well-designed, easily readable format.Features of the book:50 years of Warren Buffett's letters to the shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway (769 pages), including 1965-1976 letters not available on Berkshire's websiteTabulated letter years so you can easily flip to the desired letterTopics indexCompany indexPerson indexCharts of: Growth in Berkshire's book value and market price relative to benchmarks, Insurance float and performance, the operating businesses of Berkshire

Are you ready to unlock the full potential of your business, adapt to ever-changing landscapes, and thrive in an era of constant transformation? In today's fast-paced world, the key to success lies in your ability to ideate - to envision fresh ways of doing things, and most importantly, to deliver unparalleled value to your customers.Consider this: the past 50 years have witnessed an extraordinary whirlwind of change that has touched every facet of our lives, revolutionizing how we operate, market, account, serve, and lead. It's no exaggeration to say that ideation has been the driving force behind these transformations. It's been the guiding light for businesses to adapt, survive, and flourish.Ideas, when executed effectively, hold the power to ignite groundbreaking shifts that enhance the human experience. And in times of adversity, they have the remarkable ability to turn challenges into opportunities, to take the mundane and make it extraordinary. In the grand mosaic of business, ideation is the brushstroke that paints the future.This is why we introduce our book to you, a valuable resource that equips you with the five crucial steps to master the art of business ideation. Whether you're a manager seeking to optimize your operations, an employee striving to outperform, or an executive leading your organization to unparalleled heights, this book is your compass to navigate the evolving terrain of business.In these pages, you'll find the wisdom and insights that can fuel your innovation engine. We demystify the art of ideation, providing you with a clear, actionable roadmap to cultivate the seeds of brilliance that lie within you and your team. These five steps to business ideation will be your guiding light, showing you how to transform thoughts into tangible, game-changing strategies.Don't miss this opportunity to harness the power of ideation and breathe new life into your business endeavors. The world is evolving at an unprecedented pace, and it's time to step into the future with confidence. Secure your copy of this book, and let the journey to ideation excellence begin. Your business deserves it, and your future success demands it.

This book contributes to a better understanding of the importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles for corporate value in the energy industry. In particular, it analyzes how the energy industry is achieving this shift in response to government regulations and how it is addressing specific ESG issues. It discusses various economic incentives and market-based policies for ESG activities in the energy sector and highlights how energy firms are using environmental, social and governance initiatives to create value.In turn, the book demonstrates how ESG principles can be implemented while considering various economic and corporate issues, such as financial markets, financial risks, asset pricing, value at risk, capital structure, capital budgeting, corporate (re)structuring, corporate governance, behavioral finance, financial performance, asset pricing, cost control, financial accounting, fiscal issues, institutions, governance, and legal aspects. Accordingly, it will appeal to scholars of economics, finance, and energy policy, and to anyone interested in the implementation of ESG principles in the energy industry.This is the ninth book in a series organized by the Centre for Energy and Value Issues (CEVI). In this book, CEVI collaborates with the Hacettepe University Energy Markets Research and Application Center (Ankara, Turkey). The previous volumes in the series were: Financial Aspects in Energy (2011), Energy Economics and Financial Markets (2012), Perspectives on Energy Risk (2014), Energy Technology and Valuation Issues (2015), Energy and Finance (2016), Energy Economy, Finance and Geostrategy (2018), Financial Implications of Regulations in the Energy Industry (2020) and Applied Operations Research and Financial Modelling in Energy (2021).

Vous êtes un(e) entrepreneur(e) plutôt sensible ? Vous vous sentez bloqué dans votre situation financière ? Vous n'êtes pas rentable ? Vous avez l'impression de tourner en rond dans votre business ? Vous avez toujours les mêmes problèmes ? Vous vous posez des questions sur votre salaire jusqu'à la retraite ? Vous hésitez à créer une nouvelle activité ?Votre chiffre d'affaires ne vous convient pas ? Vous n'avez plus de trésorerie ?Ce livre est fait pour vous. En décodant l'être humain, vos émotions, votre état mental, en les apprivoisant, vous aurez les clés pour passer à l'action. Vous oserez changer de business model, car vous serez en sécurité, doté d'une toute nouvelle énergie financière.La Méthode EVIDiENCE est une méthode de développement des entreprises. Elle allie développement personnel et développement du chiffre d'affaires, même en temps de crise.

This conference volume discusses the findings of the iCAB 2023 conference that took place in Johannesburg, South Africa. The University of Johannesburg (UJ School of Accounting and Johannesburg Business School) in collaboration with Alcorn State University (USA), Salem State University (USA) and Universiti Teknologi Mara (Malaysia) hosted the iCAB 2023 conference with the aim to bring together researchers from different Accounting and Business Management fields to share ideas and discuss how new disruptive technological developments are impacting the field of accounting. The conference was sponsored by the Association of International Certified Professional Accountants AICPA & CIMA.

¿While significant attention has been devoted to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13) and scaling up climate finance for developing countries, the adverse impacts of funded projects on local communities remains inadequately explored by both academics and policymakers. Mobilizing climate finance on an unprecedented scale is undeniably vital for the success of developing countries¿ climate policies. However, these initiatives often give rise to adverse consequences for individuals in these countries, leading to displacements, exacerbating food insecurity, or even triggering conflicts over resources.This book examines the extent to which the climate funds established for achieving SDG 13 are adequate for addressing climate change impacts in developing countries. Yet, its analysis transcends the mere evaluation of the sufficiency or efficacy of these efforts found in much of the existing literature. Beyond the scope of quantifiable success, the book delves into the root causes of the adverse impacts that these funds can have on local communities and offers tailored recommendations to realize the noble aspirations of SDG 13, all without implying that the individuals who should benefit from climate finance are the ones who pay in the end.

This textbook is intended to fill a gap in undergraduate finance curriculums by providing an asset pricing text that is accessible for undergraduate finance students. It offers an overview of original works on foundational asset pricing studies that follows their historical publication chronologically throughout the text. Each chapter stays close to the original works of these major authors, including quotations, examples, graphical exhibits, and empirical results. Additionally, it includes statistical concepts and methods as applied to finance. These statistical materials are crucial to learning asset pricing, which often applies statistical tests to evaluate different asset pricing models. It offers practical examples, questions, and problems to help students check their learning and better understand the fundamentals of asset pricing., alongside including PowerPoint slides and an instructor¿s manual for professors.

This book offers a simplified, clear, and logical explanation of risk and hedging in oil trading built up from basics. It provides techniques to identify and manage risk¿legal risk, operational risk, financial risk, moral risk, etc.¿in oil trading with the key chapters discussing price risk and hedging. Written by an industry expert with real-world experience and featuring examples based on real trades, the book allows readers to understand the principles and applications without being overwhelmed or misled by jargon and assumptions, and will be of interest to commodity traders, investment bankers, risk managers, and anyone looking to gain further knowledge about oil market risks and hedging.

This book presents the best papers from the 4th International Conference on Mathematical Research for Blockchain Economy (MARBLE) 2023, held in London, UK. While most blockchain conferences and forums are dedicated to business applications, product development, or Initial Coin Offering (ICO) launches, this conference focused on the mathematics behind blockchain to bridge the gap between practice and theory.The book spans the divide between theoretical promise and practical reality in blockchain technology and explores the challenges hindering its real-world integration across diverse sectors, offering comprehensive insights into issues like scalability, security, and privacy.

Unlock the power of shareholder capitalism -- a system that transcends zero-sum games and Wall Street stereotypes. In its essence, shareholder capitalism enables mutually beneficial trade, a concept ingrained in our human history for over 300,000 years. This approach fosters specialization, fuels innovation, and propels economic growth. In this engaging new book, David McLean explains how embracing shareholder capitalism doesn't negate the significance of other institutions; rather, it allows businesses to excel in providing the goods, services, and jobs that make society better off. Shareholder capitalism isn't about disregarding stakeholders; it thrives on mutually beneficial partnerships, and managers are entrusted to maximize shareholder value, focusing on companies' long-term success, which drives overall prosperity. Profits, the ultimate measure of value, steer businesses toward creating goods and services that benefit society. While shareholder capitalism is the overarching theme in Finance 101 courses, it is increasingly criticized, especially with the popularization of concepts like ESG investing and stakeholder capitalism. McLean argues that corporate social responsibility, while well-intentioned, shouldn't replace the democratic process in policymaking, and can lead to unintended consequences. Our journey through capitalism, beginning around 1800, has brought unprecedented prosperity, and it's essential to safeguard this system for the betterment of society, with democracy and free trade as our guiding beacons.

This book examines the role of government fiscal and non-fiscal incentives in spurring innovation and entrepreneurship in developed and developing economies. It explores and examines the role of government programs in different stages of firm growth pre-startup, startup, and scale-up. By developing a theoretical framework and reviewing international evidence, the book identifies the best combination of government incentives to stimulate innovation and entrepreneurship, and provides concrete policy recommendations for decision-makers. Some of the issues tackled in this book include national innovation policy, innovation support programs, effectiveness of the support, challenges associated with the programs, risk-sharing and partnerships for innovation. This book is of interest to academics, students, practitioners, policymakers, governmental and non-governmental organizations as well as other stakeholders who wants to be informed about the challenges, progress and current trend in stimulating innovation and entrepreneurship.

From the dashboard of a practicing CPA, a big-picture view presentation takes a meaningful look at taxation from the perspective of international startups and individuals who travel to the US to live here and work on their dreams.Navigating tax rules can be tricky, and it is easy to be blindsided. This book is designed to uncover many of those pitfalls and provide solutions. There are also opportunities to be explored, and we have detailed many of them here. Every startup CEO or financial executive involved in the compliance process should seek guidance from their tax advisers. Without a resource like this guide, they may not be well-prepared to know what questions to pose.Over time, many clients wished for reading materials that encapsulated the information we provided. As requested, we have crafted a book that's easy to go through and too valuable to overlook. It demystifies the US tax system, making it easy to deal with many of its confusing twists effectively. Please take a deep dive and let us know what you think! The information is provided for the 2023 rules. We will expand and update it every year in the new editions.

Unlock the door to financial literacy with "Finance for Beginners," a comprehensive guide that demystifies the world of finance for readers at any stage of their financial journey. In Chapter 1, delve into the fundamentals of finance, laying the groundwork for a solid understanding of key concepts.Chapter 2 takes you on a journey towards building a robust financial foundation. Learn the importance of budgeting, setting financial goals, and creating a roadmap for a secure financial future. Explore practical tips for managing expenses and making informed financial decisions.Navigate the intricacies of banking and basic financial tools in Chapter 3. Understand the role of banks, explore various financial instruments, and gain insights into managing your accounts effectively. This chapter serves as a compass for navigating the financial landscape with confidence.Chapter 4 shifts focus to the crucial aspects of saving and investing. Uncover the principles of smart saving, and explore the world of investment vehicles. Whether you're a novice or have some financial experience, this chapter equips you with the knowledge to make informed investment decisions.Managing debt takes center stage in Chapter 5. Gain a comprehensive understanding of different types of debt, strategies for debt repayment, and tips for avoiding common pitfalls. Learn how to use credit wisely and build a strong credit history.In Chapter 6, explore the complex yet essential topics of income and taxes. From understanding different income sources to navigating the tax landscape, this chapter provides valuable insights to help you optimize your financial situation.Chapter 7 takes a deep dive into building wealth through investing. Explore various investment strategies, risk management techniques, and the principles of portfolio diversification. Learn how to make your money work for you and create a pathway to long-term financial success.As you progress to Chapter 8, embark on a journey of retirement planning. Understand the importance of early retirement saving, explore retirement account options, and gain insights into creating a sustainable retirement income.Finally, the book concludes by summarizing key takeaways and reinforcing the importance of financial literacy. "Finance for Beginners" is not just a book; it's your companion on the path to financial empowerment, offering practical knowledge and actionable insights to guide you towards a secure and prosperous financial future.

"Finance Intelligence" is your comprehensive guide to mastering the intricacies of financial management. In Chapter 1, you'll delve into the fundamentals of Finance Intelligence, gaining a solid foundation for the journey ahead.Chapter 2 focuses on "Mastering Budgeting and Money Management." Uncover the secrets to creating effective budgets, managing your money wisely, and achieving financial goals with strategic planning.Navigate the complex terrain of credit and debt in Chapter 3, titled "Finance Intelligence: Mastering Credit and Debt Management." Learn practical strategies to optimize your credit, manage debt responsibly, and pave the way for a financially secure future.Chapter 4, "Finance Intelligence: Mastering Investment Principles," is your gateway to understanding the principles that drive successful investments. Explore risk management, portfolio diversification, and investment strategies that stand the test of time.Take your financial acumen to new heights in Chapter 5, where "Finance Intelligence: Mastering Stock Market Mastery" unveils the mysteries of the stock market. Gain insights into stock selection, market trends, and effective trading practices.In Chapter 6, "Finance Intelligence: Mastering Real Estate and Property Investment," discover the lucrative world of real estate. From property valuation to investment strategies, this chapter equips you with the knowledge to navigate the real estate market confidently.As retirement looms on the horizon, Chapter 7, "Finance Intelligence - Retirement Planning," provides a roadmap for securing a comfortable and worry-free retirement. Explore investment options, pension plans, and proactive strategies to ensure financial peace of mind during your golden years.Whether you're a novice or seasoned investor, "Finance Intelligence" is your indispensable companion on the journey to financial mastery. With practical insights, actionable advice, and a holistic approach, this book empowers you to take control of your financial destiny. Embark on a transformative journey toward financial intelligence and unlock the keys to a prosperous future.

A ground-breaking work that addresses a crucial challenge facing our planet and the finance discipline, this book discusses key omissions in finance theory, principles, and equations, and explores recent developments in sustainable finance/ESG integration. It reveals a spaceless analytical framework and a sustainability debate that avoids the very logic of money creation. A theoretical treatise on sustainability in finance, the book makes the case for the hardwiring of sustainability into financial mathematics, offering a complementary principle and new equations for the purpose, while also discussing the implications of such a transformation for money mechanics.

This book provides an investor-friendly presentation of the premises and applications of the quantitative finance models governing investment in one asset class of publicly traded stocks, specifically real estate investment trusts (REITs). The models provide highly advanced analytics for REIT investment, including: portfolio optimization using both historic and predictive return estimation; model backtesting; a complete spectrum of risk assessment and management tools with an emphasis on early warning systems, risk budgeting, estimating tail risk, and factor analysis; derivative valuation; and incorporating ESG ratings into REIT investment. These quantitative finance models are presented in a unified framework consistent with dynamic asset pricing (rational finance). Given its scope and practical orientation, this book will appeal to investors interested in portfolio optimization and innovative tools for investment risk assessment.

Investing in intellectual capital is a strategic imperative for organizations seeking to thrive in the ever-evolving knowledge-based economy. Intellectual capital encompasses the intangible assets such as knowledge, skills, expertise, innovations, and the collective intelligence of a company's workforce, as well as its relationships with customers, suppliers, and stakeholders. This investment proves highly effective for several reasons. Firstly, intellectual capital drives innovation and competitiveness, as a well-educated and skilled workforce can develop cutting-edge products and services, leading to a sustainable competitive advantage. Furthermore, by nurturing a culture of continuous learning and knowledge sharing, organizations can adapt swiftly to changing market dynamics and seize emerging opportunities. In addition, investing in intellectual capital enhances employee motivation and retention. When employees perceive that their organization values and invests in their intellectual growth, they are more likely to be engaged, productive, and committed to their roles, thereby reducing turnover and associated recruitment costs. Moreover, intellectual capital contributes to knowledge retention within the organization, as valuable expertise and experience are not solely tied to individuals but are embedded in the collective intelligence of the workforce. This, in turn, safeguards against the loss of critical knowledge when employees retire or depart. Furthermore, intellectual capital plays a pivotal role in building strong relationships with stakeholders. A knowledgeable and skilled workforce can better understand and meet the needs of customers, resulting in higher customer satisfaction and loyalty. Effective communication and collaboration facilitated by intellectual capital also foster stronger partnerships with suppliers, enhancing the efficiency of the supply chain. Additionally, intellectual capital strengthens an organization's ability to attract investors and secure financing, as it demonstrates the potential for sustained growth and profitability. Investing in intellectual capital can also lead to enhanced risk management. Well-informed and adaptable teams are more adept at identifying and mitigating risks, which is crucial in today's rapidly changing business environment. By relying on the collective wisdom of its workforce, an organization can better anticipate market shifts, regulatory changes, and potential challenges, allowing for proactive risk management strategies. Moreover, intellectual capital contributes to the development of a learning organization, one that promotes a culture of continuous improvement. Such organizations encourage employees to engage in lifelong learning, adapt to new technologies and methodologies, and drive innovation. This, in turn, leads to increased operational efficiency and effectiveness, ultimately benefiting the bottom line. Lastly, investing in intellectual capital can lead to a positive impact on an organization's reputation and brand. A company known for its commitment to developing its employees and contributing to the intellectual growth of the community is more likely to attract top talent, as well as garner respect and trust from customers and partners. A strong reputation for intellectual capital investment can set an organization apart in a crowded marketplace, further boosting its competitive advantage.

In this book, as a statistician cum entrepreneur he has brewed his lifelong learning experiences through the lens of statistics. In short, it answers how statistics can help win the battle of a Startup.If you do not want to do an MBA but are planning a Startup, you are at the right place. This book includes interesting sketches to convey ideas and at the same time build a strong foundation for Startups. This book has all the secrets you need to succeed. Concepts like the smoke test, usability test, hypothesis test, biasedness, productivity, raising successful VC/angels and experiments are some of the topics that are covered in detail. Why this book is worth your time and attention?· How to manage yourself while preparing for a Startup? How to get the perfect T shape.· A strong foundation of entrepreneurship if unknown, can sink your ship!· Funny sketches that reveal the concepts.· You always wondered, why 90% of Startups fail and only a few succeed.· Practical use of Statistics in Startups like A-B testing, surveys, market research, etc.

In today's financial world, microfinance has emerged as a significant tool to address rampant and pervasive poverty. It represents a revolutionary idea, aiming to serve the poorest of the poor, who are typically considered unviable candidates for business loans. Microfinance has been gaining greater importance globally, with India, being a demographically diverse country, witnessing its multifaceted impact, leading to the evolution of various microfinancing delivery models.The increasing significance of microfinance has inspired economists and academicians to study its role and impact in poverty alleviation, financial inclusion, employment generation, women's empowerment, and entrepreneurial development. However, most studies have focused on district or state levels, with national-level research primarily concentrating on the contribution of commercial banks in microfinancing. This has left a research gap regarding the various delivery channels of microfinance and their nationwide status.The present study represents a modest attempt to comprehensively analyze the delivery models of microfinance in India, with special reference to the role of the National Credit Fund for Women, also known as Rastriya Mahila Kosh (RMK). RMK is a registered society operating under the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India, established in 1993 with the initiation of the Self Help Group (SHG) movement in India. Despite its significance, there is limited literature available regarding the working, growth, and role of RMK in microfinancing.The primary objective of this study is to analyze the geographical distribution patterns of microfinance under different delivery models and identify any disparities present within them. The study also aims to analyze the trends and status of microfinance extended by RMK.This research study is divided into six chapters. The first chapter contains the introduction and research methodology. The second chapter provides insights into the main players in the delivery channels of microfinance, namely, Self Help Groups (SHGs) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The third chapter analyzes the nationwide status of the microfinance delivery system in India. The fourth chapter offers an overview of the objectives, functions, and loan operations of RMK. The fifth chapter comprises the analysis of geographical dispersion and the performance of RMK's loan operations. Finally, the sixth chapter summarizes the findings of the study.This research work focuses on the prevailing delivery systems in India, namely, the SHG-Bank Linkage Model (SHG-BLP) and the Microfinance Institution Model (MFI Model). The total credit extended by both models amounted to 1 lakh crore as of March 31, 2018, covering more than 11 crores households, with 95% of beneficiaries being women.The study of geographical distribution of both delivery models revealed disparities in credit distribution. Region-wise analysis of the SHG-BLP Model showed that the Southern Region of the country accounted for a significant share of 80% of total credit sanctioned in the year 2017-18. Total loans disbursed to the Southern Region amounted to Rs. 31023.32 crore, out of the total of Rs. 38781.15 crore for the entire country. The top five states with the highest number of SHGs credit-linked with banks were Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal, with the first four belonging to the Southern Region. Savings and outstanding loans in the regions exhibited a similar pattern.

The Significance of Efficient Working Capital ManagementThe efficient management of working capital plays a pivotal role in ensuring the long-term survival or growth of a company and significantly impacts profitability. It is essential to manage working capital efficiently to achieve these objectives.Understanding the Complexity of Working CapitalWorking capital, often regarded as one of the most complex elements of any business organization, represents the difference between current assets and current liabilities. However, merely relying on this numerical difference is insufficient for effective managerial decision-making in the current business landscape. Therefore, it becomes imperative to critically examine the various components of working capital. This scrutiny allows us to assign appropriate importance to each component when determining the overall working capital.Optimizing Working Capital for Enhanced ProfitabilityWorking capital comprises a part of current assets that is financed by long-term liabilities. This implies that current assets are funded by two sources: a portion by current liabilities and the remainder by long-term liabilities. Notably, the cost associated with maintaining current liabilities is considerably lower than that of raising long-term liabilities. Consequently, the disparity in the costs associated with long-term and current liabilities contributes to an increase in the business concern's profitability. Consequently, effective working capital management not only reduces the overall cost of capital but also enhances profitability.The Nexus Between Working Capital and ProfitabilityProfitability serves as the primary objective of any business organization. Without profitability, the long-term survival of an organization is in question. Profit is defined as the difference between total revenue and total expenses, with sales representing the primary revenue component and the cost of production being a major expense. While working capital theoretically aims to ensure the smooth day-to-day operations of an organization, it is essential to recognize that all financial activities related to production and sales are equally vital as they constitute day-to-day organizational activities.Distinguishing Fixed Capital and Working CapitalBusiness organizations utilize two types of capital: fixed capital and working capital. Fixed capital refers to investments in assets required for the long-term operation of the business, such as land, machinery, and furniture. In contrast, working capital is necessary for short-term purposes, covering items like debtors, cash, bank balances, and material stocks within a specific financial year. Working capital represents the short-term investment and is measured as the difference between current assets and current liabilities.Managing the Delicate Balance of Current Assets and Current LiabilitiesCurrent assets encompass assets that can be readily converted into cash within the short term, while current liabilities consist of short-term obligations. Managing current assets and current liabilities is more challenging compared to handling fixed assets or fixed capital. Consequently, financial managers must devote greater attention to maintaining the desired levels of current assets and current liabilities.

This volume presents the proceedings of the 4th International Scientific and Practical Conference on Digital Economy and Finances (DEFIN22) at the Saint-Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics (UMTE), which took place in March 2022. It includes the newest research on the impact of new digital technologies on the growth and capitalization of companies and the labor market. The volume discusses the problems of situational modeling of economic processes and the creation of "e;digital twins"e; of enterprises. The contributions analyse how big data and artificial intelligence technologies are shaping the financial markets.