Medicinsk etik og lægeetik

The neurosurgical, surgical and medical training and practice models have to keep up with the technological revolution in the 21st Century as our lives changed on a swift base. Making bioethics and metacognition a cornerstone in medical education and practice will flourish our humane societies.Metacognition is thinking about one's thinking, to plan, monitor and assess one's understanding and performance. By adherence to medical ethics and Values-Based Medicine (VsBM) as guiding principles, we can develop benevolent medical practice. To enhance knowledge application, skills, and character qualities in realms beyond the immediate context in which they were learned. In this book, we developed a framework on how to evolve medical education and training by utilizing hi-tech. We divided the book into five principal components; Current and traditional root analysis of the learning process, Ethics and metacognition of education, learning and career development, Obstacles, difficulties and setbacks in learning and career development process, Learning in the digital era, and Mentorship.The author believes we are entering a new era of information technology, which will have a significant impact on the education, sciences, strategies and philosophy. Therefore, in preparation for this colossal transformation, the author brings together the best brains in the neurosurgical field from around the globe. Twenty distinguished Professors of Neurosurgery and educators from Canada, the USA, Colombia, the UK, Italy, the Netherland, India, Japan, China, Rwanda, Egypt and Saudi Arabia gathered their experiences and thoughts in this book to shade light on an evolving world that will be the norm in near future.

This book examines the role and the opportunity for EDI advancement as a requisite in medicine and healthcare, particularly in the context of the professional landscape as this directly affects care delivery. It argues that physicians lacking the awareness and skills necessary to engage in an EDI-informed manner with members of their professional setting and patients cannot effectively deliver care. It also argues that physicians and other clinicians benignly unaware of their privilege cannot effectively deliver care. The book takes a multifaceted approach to EDI in medicine including the exploration of the physician experience of being othered within the profession. The goal is to engage readers in a more inclusive practice --

Dieses Buch schließt eine Lücke auf dem Gebiet der rechtlichen Auseinandersetzung im Bereich der Geburtshilfe und Geburtsmedizin. Hierbei eignet es sich als zivilrechtliches Nachschlagewerk des geburtshelferischen Wissens sowohl für Rechtsanwender als auch für alle an einer Geburt beteiligten Personen und betritt hierbei Neuland in Bezug auf die rechtliche Beurteilung von geburtshelferischen Interventionen. Unter Berücksichtigung der zivilrechtlichen, strafrechtlichen und rechtshistorischen Aspekte verdeutlicht dieses Werk die Notwendigkeit der intensiven und offenen Auseinandersetzung zwischen Recht und Medizin. Neben den juristisch möglichen Konsequenzen zeigt die Arbeit auch Lösungsansätze auf, wie die Geburtssituation für alle Beteiligten positiver wahrgenommen werden kann und eine Aufarbeitung mit schwierigen Geburten und somit Verbesserung der derzeitigen Situation in der Geburtshilfe bzw. Geburtsmedizin gelingen kann.

Der Pflegeberuf erfordert durch seine Komplexität neben hohem Fachwissen und einer ausgeprägten Sozialkompetenz auch das sichere Anwenden von praktischen Fertigkeiten. Der Rahmenlehrplan für den Unterricht in der Pflegeausbildung empfiehlt, dass der Unterricht eine nahe Handlungsorientierung aufweist. Der fachpraktische Unterricht ist bereits seit Jahren im Pflegeunterricht etabliert und praktische Übungen werden je nach Unterrichtsthema in den theoretischen Unterricht integriert. Die Durchführung von Simulationen hingegen ist an deutschen Pflegeschulen noch nicht selbstverständlich. Dieses Buch widmet sich der Konzepterstellung zum simulationsbasierten Lernen am Beispiel der perioperativen Pflege. Zentraler Bestandteil des Buches ist die Entwicklung eines Simulationskonzeptes innerhalb eines bestehenden schulinternen Curriculums.

Race is a social reality, not a biological one. Yet African Americans are poorly served by even advanced genetic medicine because it is built on European DNA. Constance Hilliard explores the benefits and drawbacks of racial heuristics in medicine and argues for nonessentializing methods of harnessing genomic science on behalf of people of color.

An incisive yet personal look at the science and history of the most common surgery performed in America--the cesarean section--and an exposé on the disturbing state of maternal medical careWhen Rachel Somerstein had an unplanned C-section with her first child, the experience was anything but the "routine" operation her doctor described. A series of errors by her clinicians led to a real-life nightmare: surgery without anesthesia. The ensuing mental and physical complications left her traumatized and desperate for answers about how things could have gone so wrong.In the United States, one in three babies is born via C-section, a rate that has grown exponentially over the past fifty years. And while in most cases the procedure is "safe," it is not without significant, sometimes life-changing consequences, with its burdens falling disproportionately on people of color. Mothers are often left to navigate these complications alone, with C-sections all but invisible in popular culture, pregnancy guides, and even standard medical advice.In Invisible Labor, Somerstein weaves personal narrative and investigative journalism with medical, social, and cultural history to reveal the operation's surprising evolution, from its days being practiced on enslaved women to the ways modern medical technology promotes its overuse. And she uncovers the current-day failures of the medical system, showing how pregnant people's pain and agency is often disregarded by physicians who, motivated by fear of litigation or a hospital's commitment to efficiency, make consequential and deeply personal decisions on behalf of their patients. Candid, raw, and illuminating, Invisible Labor lifts the veil on C-sections so that mothers can navigate future pregnancies and births with more knowledge about surgical birth's risks, benefits, and alternatives--a corrective to the ongoing curtailment of reproductive rights. Writing with deep feeling and authority, Somerstein offers support and camaraderie to others who have had difficult or traumatic birth experiences, as well as hope for new forms of reproductive justice.

"A gripping cautionary tale about the dangers of mainstreaming fringe ideas before turning them into federal policy, We Want Them Infected is damning, indispensable, and one-of-a-kind. It is likely to become canonical." Christopher LaneWriter on Side Effects @PsychTodayMember, Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities>Praise For We Want Them InfectedOne of the untold stories of the COVID pandemic in the US is the role of medical and public health professionals in spreading disinformation, pushing for policies that exacerbate the virus' spread, and drive people away from important interventions, particularly vaccines, which blunt the deadly effects of SARSCOV2. Because of professional courtesy, solidarity or just sheer cowardice, many inside the professions have refused to take on these frauds, egomaniacs, purveyors of sickness and suffering in white coats. Jonathan Howard's book We Want Them Infected, though, names names. In painstaking detail, he builds an indictment of these men and women who have blood on their hands, abusing the trust of millions to peddle lies and falsehoods. This book is one for the ages, making it hard to sweep the complicity of these individuals with the virus under the carpet, leaving a record for the future, a cautionary tale for all of us.Gregg Gonsalves, PhDAssociate Professor, Yale School of Public HealthAssociate Professor (adjunct), Yale Law SchoolThe legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic will haunt our nation (United States) for many years. This is true not only because of the horrific toll of more than one million American deaths, and those who lost loved ones, but also several failed public health policies that contributed to America's suffering. In "We Want Them Infected" Dr. Howard tells a dark story of how spurious concepts of herd immunity may have contributed to the spread of COVID-19 in the United States (and perhaps globally). His book provides important information about how we might limit the death and destruction of future virus pandemics.Dr. Peter Hotez, MD, PhD, DSc (hon), FASTMH, FAAPTexas Children's Hospital: Endowed Chair of Tropical Pediatrics Co-Director, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development Baylor College of Medicine: Dean, National School of Tropical Medicine Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology Health Policy Scholar Rice University, Baker Institute Fellow in Disease & Poverty, Texas A&M University, Faculty-Senior Fellow, Hagler Inst for Advanced Study & Scowcroft Institute of Intl Affairs

This interdisciplinary monograph in philosophy of medicine examines models of explanation in health science and their relation with current medical trends, such as personalized and person-centered medicine. Medicine has provided challenging case studies for the general philosophy of science that have prompted rethinking of a wide range of philosophical notions - such as scientific law, theory and evidence - and contributed to the elaboration of pluralistic approaches to modeling, causality and explanation. The health sciences have increasingly recognized the role of philosophy of medicine as both a field of conceptual and methodological reflection, capable of addressing practical issues, and hence relevant for a proper understanding of the construction of medical knowledge, modeling practices, therapeutic strategies and preventive decisions.'Explaining Disease' contains various case studies in medicine to describe the assumptions underpinning the construction of explanatory models of diseases. It shows the impact different explanatory strategies can have on practical matters, which in turn affect clinical evaluation and therapy and public health decisions. The book concludes with a few open-ended reflections to foster more thorough consideration of the role of philosophy of medicine can play its dialogue with the health sciences.

Digitale Chancen in der häuslichen Pflege nutzen! Dieses Buch richtet sich an Personen und Institutionen, die an der häuslichen Pflege älterer Menschen beteiligt sind und alle, die sich mit der Digitalisierung im Bereich von Gesundheit und Pflege beschäftigen. Digitale Technologien bieten nachhaltige Lösungen für vielfältige Herausforderungen in der häuslichen Versorgung. Davon können Pflegende und Pflegebedürftige in der Zukunft profitieren. Eine hohe Versorgungsqualität, Entlastung und mehr Selbstbestimmung im häuslichen Umfeld sind Ziele, die durch digitale Technologien unterstützt werden. Die Autor:innen zeigen Möglichkeiten und geben zentrale Handlungsempfehlungen für den Einsatz und die Weiterentwicklung von digitalen Lösungen. Sie stellen außerdem dar, welche Bedingungen für eine gelingende Implementierung in die Praxis zu beachten sind.

"La lingvo de la biologiistoj plej ofte brilas per sia precizo. Tiu de la juristoj ankä. Sed kiam oni tu¿as la plej komunajn koncptojn sen kiuj nenia etika opinio formuleblas - homa estulo, persono, respekto, digno, ktp - tia zorgemo pri klarigo ¿ajne jam ne estas bezonata."Lucien Sève gvidas nin en vasta ekskurso tra la demandoj, kiujn la biomedicino metas kaj pri la problemoj de socio, kiu ilin enhavas - progreso de la scienco, rolo de la mono.Kio estas la homa persono?Lucien Sève, membro de la Nacia Konsulta Komitato pri Etiko (ekde ¿ia esti¿o en 1983 ¿is 2000), por kiu li, en la jaro 1981, faris la raporton "Biomedicina esplorado kaj respekto al la homa persono".Lucien Sève, filozofo, aliras tiujn problemojn kun akra kritiko de la efikoj kaj fiefikoj de la senretena financismo, kun radikala postulo de demokratiigo kaj de biologia etiko.Liaj tekstoj plenumas altajn sciencajn nivelojn kaj samtempe estas lar¿e alireblaj.

Bei der Behandlung schizophrener Patienten mit Fremdgefährdungspotential für Dritte stehen Behandelnde medizinisch und rechtlich oft im Spannungsfeld kollidierender Interessen und Grundrechte. Durch das Symptom der Fremdaggressivität tritt in der Psychiatrie neben den originär ärztlichen, an den Interessen des Patienten ausgerichteten Heilauftrag eine Verantwortung der Behandelnden auch gegenüber gefährdeten Dritten. Die Autorin zeigt unter Berücksichtigung der Besonderheiten der Behandlung schizophrener Patienten insbesondere mit Blick auf Unsicherheiten in der Diagnostik auf, unter welchen Voraussetzungen Behandelnde bei Verletzung ärztlicher Sorgfaltspflichten unter Berücksichtigung deren Schutzzwecke für drittschädigendes Patientenverhalten haften.

This volume elucidates the pivotal ethical and legal issues arising from the use of brain organoids for research, therapeutic and enhancement purposes.The function of the human brain is still a mystery. Until recently, only post-mortem tissue was available for a structural examination of the brain. Consequently, the examination results could only reflect the state at the end of life. However, in order to better understand the development and function of the human brain, dynamic and functional investigations of different human brain cells are necessary. This is where brain organoids, artificially grown in vitro miniature brains, provide the opportunity for more flexible research scenarios.At the same time, however, the use of brain organoids in research and therapy raises the question of how these new entities are to be treated from an ethical and legal point of view. Against this background, this volume aims at clarifying the normative implications of the use of brain organoids in research and therapy.  The ethical reflections on the status of brain organoids, informed consent, human-to-animal chimeras and neuro-enhancement are mirrored by corresponding legal analyses. The ethical and legal assessments are preceded by an introduction to the scientific and medical background of the brain organoid technology. A final chapter will be devoted to the issue of whether international harmonization of normative standards for brain organoid research and therapy is feasible and advisable.

Pandemics such as Covid-19, Ebola, SARS, and influenza, as well as the necessary measures for their research, prevention, and treatment, raise a number of ethical issues that confront science, the medical profession, and health policy.This overview volume, written by renowned experts from medicine, the humanities, and the social sciences, addresses the central ethical issues in pandemics. Focusing on the disciplines of philosophy, public health, bioethics, and law, the book discusses issues of resource allocation, triage, and research, as well as restrictions on freedom, rights and duties of health professionals, and ethical aspects of digital medicine in crises. The volume is intended to serve as a handbook and to provide physicians as well as nurses, politicians and interested laypersons with valuable advice on how to deal with the difficult moral problems of epidemics and pandemics.With expert contributions by Steffen Augsberg (Giessen), Klaus Bergdolt (Cologne), Nikola Biller-Andorno (Zurich), Walter Bruchhausen (Bonn), Christiane Druml (Vienna), Hans-Jörg Ehni (Tuebingen), Alice Faust (Berlin), Sophia Forster (Erlangen-Nuremberg), Andreas Frewer (Erlangen-Nuremberg), Sara Gerke (Boston/Cambridge), Patrik Hummel (Eindhoven), Elena Jirovsky-Platter (Vienna), Katharina Kieslich (Vienna), Otmar Kloiber (Ferney-Voltaire), Ulrich H. J. Körtner (Vienna), Eva Kuhn (Bonn), Georg Marckmann (Munich), Timo Minssen (Copenhagen), Tim Nguyen (Geneva), Barbara Prainsack (Vienna), Andreas Reis (Geneva), Anita Rieder (Vienna), Stephan Rixen (Bayreuth), Lana Saksone (Berlin), Martina Schmidhuber (Graz), Harald Schmidt (Philadelphia), Annabel Seebohm (Brussels), Daniel Strech (Berlin), Sebastian Wäscher (Zurich), Hans-Werner Wahl (Heidelberg), Stefanie Weigold (Berlin), and Lena Woydack (Berlin).

This book is for readers who wish to understand the ethical implications of the COVID-19 pandemic ¿ holistically ¿ on communities, politics, the economy, the environment, international relations, public health, and, most importantly, on their own lives and their own futures. It also helps readers to think through the wide-ranging ethical implications of the new age of global pandemics.The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed all of our lives to such an extent that no single publication will ever be able to capture its complexity. The book acknowledges this complexity by embracing interdisciplinary dialogue. It is open to diverse points of view, different ethical systems, and a wide variety of academic disciplines. It suggests three broad avenues to exploring the subject: Ethics for Pandemics: What ethical theories are useful for pandemic living?Ethics in Pandemics: How are long-standing ethical dilemmas revealed in pandemics? Ethics of Pandemics: How should politicians and public health professionals create ethical systems of pandemic management? Interdisciplinary perspectives are another key feature of the book and reflect the important insights that many academic disciplines ¿ medical ethics and public health, history, political science, economics, behavioral and evolutionary psychology, and climate science ¿ bring to bear on the subject. In the chapters, the author joins theory and practice, providing an overview of the major ethical theories: Kant and DeontologyUtilitarianism and Consequentialist EthicsSocial Contract TheoryEgoism and AltruismVirtue Ethics It then uses these theories to analyze both COVID-19 and also historical pandemics, including typhus, smallpox, the Black Death, HIV/AIDS, and polio.Ethics and Pandemics: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on COVID-19 and Future Pandemics prepares readers to better understand ethical living during times of crisis. While written for students pursuing any discipline, it is particularly suited for those seeking degrees in public health, health care, political science, and philosophy. Furthermore, non-specialized readers and members of the general public will find the book of interest.