Medicinsk etik og lægeetik

This book analyses the concept of disease, as defined in the context of evolutionary medicine. Upon introducing the reader to evolutionary medicine in its current form and describing its approach to disease instances, the book leverages thoughts and instruments of knowledge of epistemology, social sciences, and ethics to answer the question: ¿How can we build a timely and appropriate concept of disease?¿ At first, it looks at the social concerns of medicalization, for example focusing on the suffering of people who have not been diagnosed, or whose suffering is not caused by certain elements that falls under the definitions of disease. In turn, it merges different, both conceptual and empirical considerations in one comprehensive analysis, with the aim of fostering a multidisciplinary understanding of the phenomenon of disease. This book also highlights certain kinds of epistemic injustices that are taking place in the healthcare system, as this is currently conceived in post-industrial societies, thus offering a timely contribution to the current debate around social justice in healthcare.

Christian and other nurses in the hostile modern and increasingly secular age may feel helpless in an environment that created the Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) and continues to foster end of life 'care' through sedation and dehydration. The book aims to enlighten both health professionals and the public alike to their rights of conscience and knowledge of the needs of vulnerable patients whether related to ethical care or guidance and the law which can affect them. Indifference to patients'needs and suffering may be injurious to nurses' health all of whom have a conscience. This must be respected, protected and used as a guide to truly care for the patient's benefit, reqardless of laws and professional pathways which may prove harmful to many vunerable patients. The questioning nurse on ethical issues and dilemmas needs consideration, respect and support when attempting to act as the patient advocate. Managers at all levels need to be aware of the concerns of front line nurses and to be mindful that recruitment and retention are both equally important factors for the quality of patient care and nurse morale and work satisfaction. The NHS was a wonderful creation which is only as good as its staff at all levels. Its managers and government ministers must remember that the more authority invested in them, the more the accountability and transparency expected by both health professionals, their patients and the public.

The neurosurgical, surgical and medical training and practice models have to keep up with the technological revolution in the 21st Century as our lives changed on a swift base. Making bioethics and metacognition a cornerstone in medical education and practice will flourish our humane societies.Metacognition is thinking about one's thinking, to plan, monitor and assess one's understanding and performance. By adherence to medical ethics and Values-Based Medicine (VsBM) as guiding principles, we can develop benevolent medical practice. To enhance knowledge application, skills, and character qualities in realms beyond the immediate context in which they were learned. In this book, we developed a framework on how to evolve medical education and training by utilizing hi-tech. We divided the book into five principal components; Current and traditional root analysis of the learning process, Ethics and metacognition of education, learning and career development, Obstacles, difficulties and setbacks in learning and career development process, Learning in the digital era, and Mentorship.The author believes we are entering a new era of information technology, which will have a significant impact on the education, sciences, strategies and philosophy. Therefore, in preparation for this colossal transformation, the author brings together the best brains in the neurosurgical field from around the globe. Twenty distinguished Professors of Neurosurgery and educators from Canada, the USA, Colombia, the UK, Italy, the Netherland, India, Japan, China, Rwanda, Egypt and Saudi Arabia gathered their experiences and thoughts in this book to shade light on an evolving world that will be the norm in near future.

Der Pflegeberuf erfordert durch seine Komplexität neben hohem Fachwissen und einer ausgeprägten Sozialkompetenz auch das sichere Anwenden von praktischen Fertigkeiten. Der Rahmenlehrplan für den Unterricht in der Pflegeausbildung empfiehlt, dass der Unterricht eine nahe Handlungsorientierung aufweist. Der fachpraktische Unterricht ist bereits seit Jahren im Pflegeunterricht etabliert und praktische Übungen werden je nach Unterrichtsthema in den theoretischen Unterricht integriert. Die Durchführung von Simulationen hingegen ist an deutschen Pflegeschulen noch nicht selbstverständlich. Dieses Buch widmet sich der Konzepterstellung zum simulationsbasierten Lernen am Beispiel der perioperativen Pflege. Zentraler Bestandteil des Buches ist die Entwicklung eines Simulationskonzeptes innerhalb eines bestehenden schulinternen Curriculums.

Race is a social reality, not a biological one. Yet African Americans are poorly served by even advanced genetic medicine because it is built on European DNA. Constance Hilliard explores the benefits and drawbacks of racial heuristics in medicine and argues for nonessentializing methods of harnessing genomic science on behalf of people of color.

This volume captures the recent changes and evolution in ethics in research involving humans and provides future directions to achieve alternative drug development strategies for equitable global health. It presents ethical considerations in current day clinical trials and new trends of ethics in research. It also describes the historical context, illustrates the process in alternative paradigms to achieve democracy after World War II, how the framework of ethics in research was established in different regions, and policies implemented to protect research participants from the exploitation of new drug development. The book is organized into three themed parts: relevant constructions from Brazil, South Africa, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan; historical and international perspectives of principles of ethics in research; and alternative frameworks of clinical development and innovation. Ethical Innovation for Global Health: Pandemic, Democracy and Ethics in Research is an informative resource for academic researchers, the global pharmaceutical industry, regulators, civil society and other role players involved in global health. It is contributed to by leaders in global policy development in research ethics, and experts in drug development activities with its trajectory being global health. The COVID-19 pandemic, as a global disaster, necessitated not only socio-economic but also cultural transformation. While effective vaccines were developed under a successful new methodology, there remains inequity of distribution of these vaccines globally. The book re-engages with the notion of the primacy of distributing results of scientific innovation to those who most require the benefits.

This interdisciplinary monograph in philosophy of medicine examines models of explanation in health science and their relation with current medical trends, such as personalized and person-centered medicine. Medicine has provided challenging case studies for the general philosophy of science that have prompted rethinking of a wide range of philosophical notions - such as scientific law, theory and evidence - and contributed to the elaboration of pluralistic approaches to modeling, causality and explanation. The health sciences have increasingly recognized the role of philosophy of medicine as both a field of conceptual and methodological reflection, capable of addressing practical issues, and hence relevant for a proper understanding of the construction of medical knowledge, modeling practices, therapeutic strategies and preventive decisions.'Explaining Disease' contains various case studies in medicine to describe the assumptions underpinning the construction of explanatory models of diseases. It shows the impact different explanatory strategies can have on practical matters, which in turn affect clinical evaluation and therapy and public health decisions. The book concludes with a few open-ended reflections to foster more thorough consideration of the role of philosophy of medicine can play its dialogue with the health sciences.

Psychopathologie stellt den Begriffsapparat dar, mit dem Veränderungen, Störungen oder Krankheiten der Psyche erfasst werden können. Das methodische Verständnis von Psychopathologie ist umstritten und variiert in Abhängigkeit davon, ob man psychische Phänomene mit biologischen, psychologischen oder soziologischen Methoden untersucht. Psychopathologie hat die ¿ immer schon begriffliche ¿ Erfassung psychischer Veränderung als solcher zum Ziel und versteht sich nicht als alternative Methode neben den Naturwissenschaften, sondern als Grundlagenwissenschaft psychischer Verfasstheit überhaupt. Ihr Untersuchungsgegenstand erfordert eine Methode, die neben dem Instrument der fachbegrifflichen Erkenntnis auch das Verhältnis der erkennenden Subjekte zu ihrem Gegenstandsbereich einschließt ¿ oder anders ausgedrückt, Psychopathologie kann als Grundlagenwissenschaft erst im Ergebnis ihrer Methodenreflexion wirken. Im ersten Teil dieses Buches werden die zentralen Kategorien der Psychopathologie parallel zu ihrer transzendentalphilosophischen Begründung vorgestellt. Auf diesem Hintergrund lassen sich die Mehrzahl der behaupteten Methodenkonflikte als Dilemmata ausweisen. Am Beispiel des Wahnsyndroms soll der Versuch einer fachbegrifflichen Auflösung der Dilemmata geprüft werden. Im zweiten Teil werden die Erträge der Diskussion um den spezifischen Charakter des Psychischen dargestellt und als zirkulär oder dogmatisch kritisiert. Gleichermaßen sollen die Merkmale gelungener Deutungsversuche untersucht und auf ihre Anschlussfähigkeit hin geprüft werden. Ertragreich erwies sich die Begründung der Psychopathologie als Idee der Bewusstheit einer rationalen Psychologie. Als Kriterien für eine sinnvolle psychopathologische Begriffsbildung wurden die Transparenz für die Trias von Intention, Intension und Extension, die Formen des Umgangs mit Ungewissheit und die Relativität von Verstehensbemühungen herausgearbeitet.

This book, originally published in French, examines the philosophical debates on functions over the last forty years and proposes new ways of analysis. Pervasive throughout the life sciences, the concept of function has the air of an epistemological scandal: ascribing a function to a biological structure or process amounts to suggesting that it is explained by its effects. This book confronts the debates on function with the use of the notion in a wide range of disciplines, such as biology, psychology, and medicine. It also raises the question of whether this notion, which is as old in the history of technology as it is in the life sciences, has the same meaning in these two domains.

"La lingvo de la biologiistoj plej ofte brilas per sia precizo. Tiu de la juristoj ankä. Sed kiam oni tu¿as la plej komunajn koncptojn sen kiuj nenia etika opinio formuleblas - homa estulo, persono, respekto, digno, ktp - tia zorgemo pri klarigo ¿ajne jam ne estas bezonata." Lucien Sève gvidas nin en vasta ekskurso tra la demandoj, kiujn la biomedicino metas kaj pri la problemoj de socio, kiu ilin enhavas - progreso de la scienco, rolo de la mono.Kio estas la homa persono? Lucien Sève, membro de la Nacia Konsulta Komitato pri Etiko (ekde ¿ia esti¿o en 1983 ¿is 2000), por kiu li, en la jaro 1981, faris la raporton "Biomedicina esplorado kaj respekto al la homa persono".Lucien Sève, filozofo, aliras tiujn problemojn kun akra kritiko de la efikoj kaj fiefikoj de la senretena financismo, kun radikala postulo de demokratiigo kaj de biologia etiko. Liaj tekstoj plenumas altajn sciencajn nivelojn kaj samtempe estas lar¿e alireblaj.