Hæmatologi

Hematologic malignancies, also known as blood cancers, refer to a wide range of cancers that originate in the bone marrow or the lymphatic system. These cancers can affect the production and function of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. Hematologic malignancies include leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. The treatment of hematologic malignancies depends on the specific type and stage of the cancer, as well as individual patient factors. These malignancies can be treated through radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and stem cell transplantation. Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to target and kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy makes use of powerful medications to destroy cancer cells or prevent their growth. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of hematological malignancies. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Blood disorders, also known as hematologic disorders, refer to a wide range of medical conditions that affect the components of blood or its ability to function properly. These disorders can involve abnormalities in white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, or the plasma that carries them. A few of the common blood disorders are anemia, hemophilia, and various types of leukemia. Other examples include thrombocytopenia, which is a condition marked by low platelet counts, and sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder causing abnormal red blood cells. Prominent symptoms of these disorders are dizziness, rapid heartbeat and fatigue. Some of the treatments which are used for managing blood disorders are blood and platelet transfusions, corticosteroids, and anticoagulants. This book contains some path-breaking studies on blood disorders. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

The branch of medicine that studies the causes, treatment and prevention of blood-related diseases is known as hematology. Hematologic malignancy is a type of cancer that originates in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow or in the cells of the immune system. It is caused by cells dividing at an abnormal rate. The three main types of hematologic malignancies include, leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. A cancer that begins in the lymphatic system is called lymphoma. The lymphatic system is an important part of the immune system and it includes lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland and bone marrow. Lymphoma cancer can affect any part of the lymphatic system. Multiple myeloma is a cancer that originates in the bone marrow. It affects the plasma cells. In multiple myeloma, the plasma cells affected with cancer, start building-up in the bone marrow along with the healthy blood cells. Leukemia is a cancer that starts developing in the bone marrow, or blood-forming tissues, or the lymphatic system. The diagnosis includes various blood tests, such as complete blood count (CBC) test and electrophoresis blood test. This book includes some of the vital pieces of works being conducted across the world on various topics related to diagnosis, treatment and control of hematologic malignancies. Students, researchers, hematologists, and all associated with this subject will benefit alike from it.

Hemostasis refers to body's natural reaction that stops bleeding and initiates the repair of an injury. There are three principal steps involved in the mechanism of hemostasis. These include vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation and blood coagulation. Thrombosis is a condition that develops when blood clots block the blood vessels. It is of two main types, namely, venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis. Some common causes of thrombosis are obesity, certain medicines, disease or injury to the leg veins, and autoimmune disorders. Its treatment includes medicines such as blood thinners to prevent blood clots. It also involves the placement of stents or catheters to reopen the blockage in the vessels. Losing weight and quitting smoking can help in preventing medical complications related to thrombosis. This book outlines the processes of hemostasis and thrombosis in detail. It will also provide interesting topics for research, which the interested readers can take up. The book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in the field of hematology.

Hemostasis refers to body's natural reaction that stops bleeding and initiates the repair of an injury. There are three principal steps involved in the mechanism of hemostasis. These include vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation and blood coagulation. Thrombosis is a condition that develops when blood clots block the blood vessels. It is of two main types, namely, venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis. Some common causes of thrombosis are obesity, certain medicines, disease or injury to the leg veins, and autoimmune disorders. Its treatment includes medicines such as blood thinners to prevent blood clots. It also involves the placement of stents or catheters to reopen the blockage in the vessels. Losing weight and quitting smoking can help in preventing medical complications related to thrombosis. This book outlines the processes of hemostasis and thrombosis in detail. It will also provide interesting topics for research, which the interested readers can take up. The book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in the field of hematology.

Hematology is a branch of medical science concerned with the study of the blood and all components of blood. It also involves the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of blood, bone marrow, and immunologic and vascular systems. The red blood cells or erythrocytes are important cellular components of the blood. Their main function is to carry fresh oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Carbon dioxide is removed from the body through the process of exhalation. The diseases related to red blood cells are caused due to a lack of iron or vitamins in the diet. Diseases of erythrocytes include several forms of anemia. It is a condition characterized by low count of healthy blood cells, which can transport adequate oxygen to different parts of the body. Major symptoms of anemia are tiredness, fast heart rate, pale skin, feeling cold, and in severe cases, heart failure. Some common forms of anemia are iron-deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia, normocytic anemia, hemolytic anemia and fanconi anemia. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of hematology. It presents researches and studies on red blood cell mechanisms and clinical implications, performed by experts across the globe. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Blood disorders are a group of diseases that affect some part of the blood. Several organs and tissues play a major role in supporting blood and its function. These organs and tissues are bone marrow, lymphatic system, clotting proteins, spleen, liver and kidneys. The common types of blood disorders include different types of anemia, bleeding disorders, clotting disorders and blood cancers. The symptoms of blood disorders depend on which component of the blood is affected. Some major symptoms include fatigue, fever, infections and abnormal bleeding. There are several risk factors that affect the development of blood disorders. These factors incorporate aging, autoimmune diseases, exposure to certain drugs and chemicals, and liver, kidney or thyroid disease. Treatment and clinical management of blood disorders varies according to the type of disease. Some of the blood disorders are passed-down from one generation to another. Such disorders are called genetic blood disorders. Genetic defects result in red blood cells that do not perform their normal functions. Examples of genetic blood disorders include thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. The book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the study of disorders of the blood. Its extensive content provides the readers with a detailed understanding of the genetics, pathophysiology and clinical management of these disorders.

Hemostasis is a physiological process in the body that helps in stopping the bleeding and starting the repair process. This process prevents excessive blood loss and infections in the body. The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, which obstructs the blood flow through the circulatory system is referred to as thrombosis. It can be categorized into venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to blood clots that start in the veins. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism are the two sub-categories of VTE. Some common symptoms of thrombosis include sudden change in mental state, swelling in leg or arm, weakness in one side of the body, and chest pain. Diagnosis of thrombosis is performed through tests such as ventilation-perfusion scans, computed tomography (CT) scan, venography, and ultrasound. Anticoagulants such as heparin are the most effective medications used for the treatment of thrombosis. This book outlines the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis and hemostasis in detail. It consists of contributions made by international experts. The book is appropriate for students as well as for experts seeking detailed information in the area of hematology.

Thrombosis refers to the formation of blood clots in the blood vessels, i.e, veins and arteries. Venous thrombosis refers to the formation of blood clots in veins whereas arterial thrombosis refers to condition when blood clots block an artery. Thrombosis may be caused due to factors such as surgical procedures, immobility, inherited predisposition to blood clots, use of oral contraceptives, and underlying health conditions. Medical conditions such as cancer, pregnancy, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and certain rheumatic diseases can increase the risk of venous thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and superficial venous thrombosis are the two common forms of venous thrombosis. DVT is a condition that leads to the formation of blood clots in the veins located deep in the human body. Some common tests for diagnosing venous thrombosis are duplex venous ultrasound, venography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) scan. The main treatment for venous thrombosis is anti-coagulant medication that helps to control the formation of blood clots in the body. This book provides significant insights into venous thrombosis. It consists of contributions made by international experts. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Anemia is a blood disorder, where the capability of the blood to carry oxygen is decreased due to a low blood count, or due to low levels of hemoglobin. Chronic anemia has symptoms such as weakness, headaches, tiredness and short breath, while acute anemia shows symptoms like loss of consciousness, confusion, dizziness and increased thirst. The causes of anemia include loss of blood, fluid overload, impaired production of red blood cells, and increased reduction of red blood cells. Anemia is diagnosed on the basis of complete blood count. A blood test is utilized generally for determining the platelets and count of red blood cells and white blood cells. Tests such as serum ferritin, serum vitamin B12, and sample of bone marrow can help in determining the type of anemia and its cause. Treatment of anemia is dependent on its severity and cause, and includes iron supplementation in oral and injectable form, blood transfusions, intramuscular injections of vitamin B12, hyperbaric oxygen, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. This book aims to understand the diagnosis and treatment of anemia. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Hematology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study of blood, and the causes, prognosis, treatments and prevention of blood-related diseases. Red blood cells are a specific type of blood cells, which are the primary means of transporting oxygen to the tissues in the body through blood flow. They transport oxygen to the lungs through the capillaries and then release it in the tissues. The cytoplasm of these cells consists of hemoglobin, which contains the iron biomolecule having the capability to bind oxygen. Hemoglobin also provides the red color to the cells and blood. The cell membrane of the red blood cells comprises lipids and proteins, which provides essential properties for various physiological functions of the cells. These functions include stability and deformability of the blood cells, while traversing the capillary network and circulatory system. The red blood cells are created by the process of erythropoiesis, in which stem cells are transformed into red blood cells. Red blood cells have clinical significance as diseases such as anemia, hemolysis, and polycythemia can occur due to low or high red blood cell count. This book contains some path-breaking studies on red blood cells and the diseases associated with them. It will serve as a resource guide for experts as well as students.

Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood into the vein of a patient. It is a therapeutic treatment used to restore blood or plasma volume after substantial bleeding, burns or trauma. Transfusion increases the quantity and concentration of red blood cells in anemic patients for improving the oxygen-carrying potential of the patient's blood. Transfusions are also used frequently as an important adjunct in various surgical operations where patients lose considerable volumes of whole blood that must be restored. Some of the important advancements in transfusion therapy include blood typing, pathogen screening and blood substitutes. Blood typing is a method of classifying blood in accordance with the distinctive inherited characteristics, related to the presence and absence of antibodies and antigens located on the surface of erythrocytes. There are various blood groups found in humans including ABO, Rh, Kidd, Kell, Duffy, MNS and Lewis group. The receiver and donor must have the same or compatible blood types. Therefore, identification of these variables has become critical in the context of blood transfusion. This book strives to provide a fair idea about blood transfusion and help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this area. Its extensive content provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Platelets are tiny blood cells that help in the formation of clots which helps to stop bleeding. They rush to the damaged site in the body, where they form a clot as a plug to stop the damage. They are formed in the bone marrow, and white and red blood cells. The body requires a specific number of platelet count to function properly. A normal platelet count in human body is considered to be 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. The risk of bleeding develops if the platelet count falls below 10,000 to 20,000. Abnormal platelet count may result in several health conditions, such as thrombocytopenia, essential thrombocythemia, secondary thrombocytosis and platelet dysfunction. Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which bone marrow makes too few platelets. The common causes of this disease include cancer, liver disease, pregnancy, infections, and an abnormal immune system. Diagnosis of conditions related to platelets involves a simple blood test to determine the platelet count. This book provides significant information of platelets to help develop a good understanding of their role in health and medicine. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by it.

Blood is a type of body fluid found in the circulatory system of human beings and other vertebrates. It carries essential substances including oxygen and nutrients to the cells. It also carries-back the metabolic waste products and carbon dioxide from the cells to lungs, kidneys and digestive system to be removed by the body. Blood analysis refers to the laboratory investigation of a blood sample that helps to gather information about its chemical and physical properties. For carrying out blood analysis, blood sample is drawn from the veins of fingers, arms or earlobes. In certain cases, the blood cells of the bone marrow might also be examined. Micro devices have great potential for the growth of portable and point-of-care diagnostic devices, specifically for blood analysis. The development of micro and nano devices for the analysis of blood integrates numerous research fields including electronics, micro or nanotechnologies, medicine, informatics, mechanics, biotechnology, chemistry and optics. This book explores all the important aspects of blood analysis devices in the present day. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of hematology. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective in this area.

In this issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics, guest editors Drs. Mary D. Chamberlin and Narjust Duma bring theirconsiderable expertise to the topic of Global Oncology: Disparities, Outcomes and Innovations Around the Globe. The first section of this issue is non-disease site-specific, covering broad topics that influence global health and oncology in various world regions, such as disparities, political unrest, the role of ASCO and ICEC and other organizations for education and research collaborations, access to training and innovations, etc. The second section is disease site-specific (lung, CNS, lymphoma, etc.), addressing approaches to prevention, access to treatment, survivorship, palliative care, and more.Contains 16 relevant, practice-oriented topics including North America: disparities of care and the role of ASCO in addressing disparities of cancer care; evolving epidemiology: impact of lifestyle and prevention for breast and lung cancers; education and training models for remote learning: GlobalMedNet, GI Rising, Global Oncology for a new generation of fellows; breast cancer disparities: shared decision making and technological innovations; and more.Provides in-depth clinical reviews on global oncology, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Featuring concise, easy-to-read coverage, Procedures in Phlebotomy, 5th Edition, provides clear guidelines for performing both basic and special phlebotomy techniques. It describes proper procedures for venipuncture, special collection procedures, and pediatric and geriatric considerations, and addresses essential topics such as infection control, OSHA guidelines, and anatomy and physiology. It also discusses professional issues such as interpersonal communication, department management, total quality, and medical-legal topics. This edition includes enhanced infection control and prevention protocols, updated healthcare law coverage, expanded review questions, and an updated practice test to prepare you for classroom and certification success. Step-by-step, illustrated procedures clearly outline essential phlebotomy competencies and techniques. Essentials approach focuses on the need-to-know basics required to practice phlebotomy. Case scenarios woven throughout the chapters help you continually apply content to practice. Review questions in each chapter test your ability to recall information and apply critical thinking skills; answers and rationales are included in the appendices. Mock certification exam with 150 multiple-choice questions and answers provides valuable practice for the credentialing test. Safety Summary focuses on key points to ensure safe practice. Competency checklists facilitate peer, instructor, and self-evaluation on clinical procedures progress. Key terms are listed at the beginning of each chapter, highlighted in the text, and defined in a back-of-book glossary. NEW! Protocols for enhanced infection control and prevention address COVID-19 and other emerging pathogens. UPDATED! Healthcare law coverage includes up-to-date content on the latest clinical guidelines. EXPANDED and REVISED! Review questions and a practice test help prepare you for classroom and certification success. NEW! COVID-19 content included throughout where relevant.

This book is a unique documentation about the whole range of childhood cancer late effects and discusses their different ways of global influences. The number of childhood cancer survivors is increasing continuously. Thus the topic is also getting more important and well informed caregivers are needed in their institutions. Survivorship after childhood cancer is not the same as survivorship after cancer in adults¿ age.All currently known late effects for former childhood cancer patients are explored in detail: not only organ-related but also psychosocial related long-term sequelae. It closes the gap of missing detailed information and their consequences for individuals and society. Past, presence, and future of childhood cancer late effects is presented as well as models of care for childhood cancer survivors. This book is essential for all professionals who work with childhood cancer survivors, no matter if oncologists, psychologists, social workers, or patient advocates. It is also a helpful textbook for university classrooms and seminars as well as for pediatric oncology fellowship programs.

This book functions as a comprehensive and authoritative reference book in blood transfusion and blood substitutes. It is a collection of the latest developments and the newest investigations, and individual chapters are written by world experts in the arena. The book begins with a historical review on the practice of transfusions as well as the components and physiology of blood. The following chapters cover various topics, including platelet substitutes, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, perfluorocarbon based oxygen carriers, and safety issues related to artificial hemoglobin. All chapters provide a bulleted highlights list to facilitate readers in mastering the main points of each individual chapter.  Blood Substitutes and Oxygen Biotherapeutics is an invaluable reference book for perioperative care providers, hematologists, anesthesiologists, surgeons, obstetricians and gynecologists.

Das Buch vermittelt dem Leser ein allgemeines Verständnis der Elixiere Wasser und Blut. Darüber hinaus wird erläutert, dass beide Elixiere nur unter optimalen hygienischen Bedingungen unsere Gesundheit erhalten können. Es wird auch beschrieben, dass in hygienisch sensiblen Bereichen bereits heute, aber noch verstärkt in Zukunft, Hygiene durch Daten-Abgleich auf Basis moderner Techniken (IIoT, Industrial Internet of Things) gewährleistet werden kann.The book will give to the reader a general understanding of the elixirs water and blood. In addition, it will be explained that only under optimal hygienic conditions both elixirs can preserve our health. It will be also described that in hygienically sensitive areas already nowadays but with increasing effort in future hygiene will be guaranteed using data reconciliation based on modern techniques (IIoT, Industrial Internet of Things).