Pulmonologi

This new edition presents an evidence-based review of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for adults, with a particular focus on veno-venous (VV) ECMO. Due to the dramatic impact of COVID-19, the number of institutions offering ECMO, thus the number of clinicians performing ECMO (or referring their patients for ECMO), has exploded in a truly unprecedented way. While the pandemic may fade, programs built in response will survive by extending the application of ECMO to previously overlooked populations.This fully updated second edition refines its focus to VV ECMO, which has seen the most dramatic increase and relevance. This allows expert authors to go further in depth regarding VV ECMO and provide readers with better guidance from the physiology of VV ECMO to weaning and decannulation. Several areas have been expanded, including anti-thrombotic approaches; how to set the mechanical ventilator and judge the complex interactions between patient, ventilator, and ECMO circuit; assessing the systemic circulation during VV ECMO (especially right ventricular function and intravascular volume); and recognizing membrane lung dysfunction. Finally, new chapters addressing how the VV-capable clinician should think about VA ECMO and how to incorporate ethical principles in patient selection and withdrawal of ECMO have been added.This is an ideal guide for intensive care and respiratory medicine specialists, fellows training in critical care, ECMO specialist staff, perfusionists, nurses, and respiratory therapists.

"A gripping cautionary tale about the dangers of mainstreaming fringe ideas before turning them into federal policy, We Want Them Infected is damning, indispensable, and one-of-a-kind. It is likely to become canonical." Christopher LaneWriter on Side Effects @PsychTodayMember, Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities>Praise For We Want Them InfectedOne of the untold stories of the COVID pandemic in the US is the role of medical and public health professionals in spreading disinformation, pushing for policies that exacerbate the virus' spread, and drive people away from important interventions, particularly vaccines, which blunt the deadly effects of SARSCOV2. Because of professional courtesy, solidarity or just sheer cowardice, many inside the professions have refused to take on these frauds, egomaniacs, purveyors of sickness and suffering in white coats. Jonathan Howard's book We Want Them Infected, though, names names. In painstaking detail, he builds an indictment of these men and women who have blood on their hands, abusing the trust of millions to peddle lies and falsehoods. This book is one for the ages, making it hard to sweep the complicity of these individuals with the virus under the carpet, leaving a record for the future, a cautionary tale for all of us.Gregg Gonsalves, PhDAssociate Professor, Yale School of Public HealthAssociate Professor (adjunct), Yale Law SchoolThe legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic will haunt our nation (United States) for many years. This is true not only because of the horrific toll of more than one million American deaths, and those who lost loved ones, but also several failed public health policies that contributed to America's suffering. In "We Want Them Infected" Dr. Howard tells a dark story of how spurious concepts of herd immunity may have contributed to the spread of COVID-19 in the United States (and perhaps globally). His book provides important information about how we might limit the death and destruction of future virus pandemics.Dr. Peter Hotez, MD, PhD, DSc (hon), FASTMH, FAAPTexas Children's Hospital: Endowed Chair of Tropical Pediatrics Co-Director, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development Baylor College of Medicine: Dean, National School of Tropical Medicine Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology Health Policy Scholar Rice University, Baker Institute Fellow in Disease & Poverty, Texas A&M University, Faculty-Senior Fellow, Hagler Inst for Advanced Study & Scowcroft Institute of Intl Affairs

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that causes substantial morbidity and has been challenging to treat due to its heterogeneous onset, environmental triggers, severity, and treatment response. To update the field on the rapid advances in this field, Precision Approaches to Heterogeneity in Asthma follows its highly successful predecessor, Heterogeneity in Asthma. In this new volume, noted authorities Allan R Brasier and Nizar N Jarjour and a cadre of leaders in the field incorporate new work advancing our understanding of phenotypes (endotypes) of disease, regional variations in ventilation, systems approach to analyzing the findings from studies of inducible phenotypes, and emerging results of biomarker-informed clinical trials. This work will facilitate our current understanding of the spectrum of disease etiology, prognosis, and the likelihood of responding to the range of available therapeutic interventions.

The second edition of this book describes the clinical indications of NIV in patients hospitalized with high-risk infections as well as in the prehospital management of mass casualty incidents, including chemical or biological disasters and pandemics. In recent decades, we have learned the impact that different pandemics and mass casualty disasters can outcome in terms of health resource use, health costs and human lives. The development of respiratory failure in these patients, either infectious or non-infectious causes, has led to develop employment plans related both to invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation during acute respiratory failure.In this book authors evaluate a rational basis for indications, specific noninvasive mechanical ventilation indications in hospitalized patients (tuberculosis, bacterial, virus, etc.) and prehospital applications (mass casualty: chemical, biological disaster), equipment (ventilators, interfaces) and plan organization for health systems: how and when apply NIV. A critical review of already published studies is described as well as implications and how will be the future according to international expert opinions.Therefore, this updated edition represents a useful scientific reference point according to what it has been experienced in the last pandemics, with respect to the growing role that NIV has and must have in the world.

This book provides an extensive overview of the role of imaging in the detection, diagnosis, management, and follow-up of tuberculosis. Chapters cover the disease's epidemiology and pathophysiology, microbiological diagnosis and pathology relevant to radiologists, and the distinct aspects of imaging tuberculosis at various locations and body systems. This book discusses recent advances in imaging pertaining to tuberculosis, and addresses the approach to patients with tuberculosis and HIV co-infection. The final chapter offers an algorithmic approach to the diagnosis and management steps of tuberculosis. Imaging of Tuberculosis is an updated and comprehensive reference source that covers imaging of tuberculosis in a structured fashion and is valuable for radiologists.

This book serves as a guide to the pulmonary and critical care complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). HSCT is an important therapeutic modality for a variety of malignant and non-malignant conditions. The outcomes of these patients have been improving and the number of HSCT cases is increasing around the world. These patients, however, continue to have post-transplant complications related to conditioning regimens and graft vs. host disease. Pulmonary complications following HSCT remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population.The book begins with an overview of HSCT and graft vs. host disease. Chapters then cover particular complications, including immunological changes in lungs, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, bronchiolitis obliterans and pulmonary fibrosis. Other complications, including neurologic, renal, gastrointestinal, and cardiac, are covered. Chapters are comprehensive and consistent with each defining the scope of the complication, epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic approach, management, outcome and predictors of outcome, and future directions. The book provides insight as well on matters that arise during the care of HSCT patients such as provider burnout, nursing care, intensive care unit organization, nutritional support, and pulmonary and physical rehabilitation. This is an ideal guide for pulmonologists, critical care physicians, transplant specialists, oncologists, and relevant trainees caring for patients who have undergone HSCT.

In different sections of this book the relationships between the patterns of psychological response in acute and chronic respiratory failure, as well as the epidemiology of neuropsychiatric disorders in ventilator management, are collected and analyzed. Main concepts such as ¿vulnerability to stress¿, critical illness-psychological stress and susceptibility that may develop during NIV support, as well as the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders in respiratory failure are also summarized. A section is devoted to the most frequent indications of NIV, also including a special use of NIV in pandemic and high-risk infections, as well as in several other conditions such as acute and chronic respiratory failures and neurological disorders. A summary of practical approaches for treatment and prevention in neurologic and psychiatric disorders during noninvasive mechanical ventilation, as well as the perspective in terms of outcomes, quality-of-life, palliative care is also given.The book is intended for all those healthcare professionals treating patients suffering from neurological or psychiatric disorders and who develop acute or chronic respiratory failure. Neurologists, psychiatrists, pulmonary critical care professionals, geriatricians, internists and psychologists will find in the book a valuable guide for their everyday clinical practice.

The author, a professor of Hispanic Studies at Trinity College in Hartford, CT, argues that political, scientific, and cultural elites, in conjunction with the pharmaceutical industry and other corporate actors, used the COVID-19 pandemic to impose a repressive social order on the American public and establish "medical apartheid" within communities, ultimately striking at the heart of freedom and democracy.

The Video-Atlas of Pulmonary Sublobar Resections aims to be a reference multimedia book for Thoracic Surgeons. Mainly focused on operative technical aspects, each individual segmentectomy and many combinations are described. Each chapter opens with anatomical 3D reconstructions of the segment and its bronchoscopic anatomy. Then, the main steps for performing the procedure, that are illustrated in high-definition (HD) video-clips and figures, are described. Expert authors highlight specifical tips & tricks for succesfully performing the resection, and include anatomical variations that also illustrate with HD video-clips.This illustrated guide provides thoracic surgeons with an incredibly useful tool for learning and improving their technique in sublobar resections.Videos and more: Download the free Springer Multimedia App - Scan dedicated images in this book to stream videos or access and download supplementary material.

Thromboembolism is the most common cause of death in autopsied patients. Recently, this disorder has become a topic of interest due to it being a frequent complication of COVID-19 infection. This book discusses pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, such as those with malignancies such as paraneoplastic symptoms or heart and lung diseases.

This book should represent a guideline for launching an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) program. It describes in detail particularities and special features of planning, setting up, developing, structuring and maintaining of ECMO support program for instable patients with the need of transportation from peripheral hospitals to an experienced ECMO centre for further treatment.Authors have condensed both the current evidence and Guidelines on ECMO and eCPR support and have highlighted in detail the issue of planning, setting up, developing, structuring and maintaining this program with the view to helping other centres launching this life-saving service taking into account their experience in this important field of medicine. In this context, the main benefit of this book is the outstanding and particular aim to educate the reader in developing and maintaining a large-spectrum ECMO program. The volume, richly illustrated and written by KOLs using an expository writing style to promote the readability will appeal to intensivists, anesthesiologists and cardiologists as well as cardiac- and thoracic-surgeons and pneumologists

The commonness and complexity of COPD necessitate rapid communication of significant new knowledge of the disease. This book provides a platform for sharing new notions in scientific research as well as contemporary clinical best practices. It combines noetic theoretical concepts with the ontic practical management of COPD. Epistemological concepts explored in this book include contextualization in the evaluation and treatment of COPD, as well as the latest in the basic science of airway inflammation, "omics" research, and delivery therapeutics. Practical topics addressed include early detection and alleviation of COPD exacerbation, pulmonary rehabilitation, and identifying phenotypes or treatable traits to optimize inhaled therapy.

Chapter ¿Aerosol Therapy and Humidification¿ is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Sleep disorders are very common among women during their lifespan, presenting in isolation or in combination with other illnesses particularly psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Pregnancy-related sleep disorders pose an interesting dilemma as this is a transient phase; these are associated with potential long-term effects on maternal and fetal health. Menopause and pre-menopausal stages lead to a significant change in sleep architecture, sometimes associated with insomnia with or without sleep related breathing disorder. Sleep architecture in men and women varies due to significant hormonal differences between the genders. However, sleep complaints are disproportionately higher among women. This book presents 20 clinical cases to understand the differences in presentation of symptoms and treatment options for various sleep disorders that are more commonly noted among women. These cases cover a spectrum of sleep related breathing disorders, sleep related movement disorders, hypersomnias, parasomnias, issues of sleep fragmentation leading to insomnia in association with hormonal changes and some unique cases encountered in our clinical practices. This compilation of interesting clinical cases presents trainees and experienced physicians with a useful guide to assist in their clinical practices and will stimulate further research and studies.

"Ileana von Hirsch writes with a light touch and a warm heart. Her bravery and zest for life shine from every page of this book. Her woes and joys will make you cry, laugh - and think."Edward Lucas Tales from Cancerland follows on from A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Chemo and continues the author's adventures as she gets used to life with cancer. In turn absurd, hilarious, irreverent, but always candid, as she writes,"If I have made Cancerland sound as if it is sometimes fun, that is because it can be, and more often than one might think."Implausible as this sounds, if you or someone you care about are stuck in Cancerland, this cheery collection of tales, which meanders in a leisurely way around plot flaws in King Lear, escaping from hospitals, scoring your favourite drugs, what to do if told to pee into a sock, getting your children to empty the dishwasher, curing insomnia and dealing with well-meant but baffling gifts, is a high-spirited, informative and helpful guide to the country, its inhabitants and its customs.

This book presents 50 of the most interesting and challenging sleep medicine clinical cases encountered by leaders in the field. The cases encompass the full spectrum of sleep medicine, with topics covering neurology, pulmonology, psychiatry, psychology, ENT, and beyond. In addition, adults and pediatric cases will be covered. Chapters that feature cases follow a similar format. A brief clinical history, is followed by physical examination, investigations/studies, differential diagnosis, discussion and management, and final or possible diagnosis. These cases are open to discussion and include teaching points. 50 Challenging Sleep Medicine Cases will intrigue residents interested in sleep medicine, sleep medicine fellows and professionals interested in case review for certification exams and to discuss unusual cases, as well as neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, neuropsychologists.

This book aims to give a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and solution posed to the health care professionals who need to use mechanical ventilation to treat their patients.Mechanical ventilation is a cornerstone of the treatment of critically ill patients, as also dramatically underlined by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The topic is not simple to approach, since it requires integration of multiple data which, in turn, result from complex interplays between patient's condition and ventilatory settings. While technological development empowered advanced monitoring and decision support, these also increase the burden of data on the practitioners. Furthermore, considering that sometimes mechanical ventilation is seen under two, apparently opposite, approaches, "e;physiology vs. protocols"e;, the book aims to reconcile these two aspects. And this has been done by each author following the above trajectory in their chapters. The exposure of the topic begins from the "e;pathophysiology"e; (i.e. the "e;physiology of the disease"e;) so that the reader can better understand the concept and rationale of any given approach. At the same time, any rationale or hypothesis (for as much as supported by physiology) must hold at the proof of clinical research and evidence, which is summarized in each chapter.In summary, the purposes is that the readers understand not only which is the best clinical practice to adopt but also why and which mechanisms this is based upon and how to approach a novel issue they might encounter. The book - addressed to physicians, nurses and respiratory therapist - features chapters on "e;novel"e; or "e;hot"e; topics like, obviously, COVID-19, ECMO, but also MV in low resource setting.

In this issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine, guest editors Drs. Drew Harris, Emily Brigham, and Juan Celedon bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Aiming to Improve Equity in Pulmonary Health. Top experts discuss disparities in risk factors for respiratory diseases, how communities are affected unequally, interventions to mitigate disparities, and evidence of effects, if present. Contains 17 practice-oriented topics including racism and bias, tobacco use, air pollution and climate change, occupational hazards, access to care and rural health, asthma and COPD, lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension, migrants and refugees, sex and gender, homelessness and incarceration, mental illness, and more.  Provides in-depth clinical reviews of improving equity in pulmonary health, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.  Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

This book is a guide to pharmacotherapy treatment of tobacco dependence. The 2020 American Thoracic Society clinical practice guidelines on treating tobacco dependence serves as the cornerstone for this work with its robust discussion of recommended treatment options and how to tailor treatment to specific patient populations. Tobacco dependence remains a major health concern for many adults and given the dramatic increase of youth electronic cigarette use, clinicians need a singular resource to treat these different populations. This book addresses that by following the three main points of how to best address the adverse impact of tobacco use on public health: 1) prevent initiation of tobacco use; 2) understand mechanisms of addiction; 3) effectively treat tobacco dependence.The book begins by describing the current patterns of product use, the adverse impact of tobacco on global health, and tobacco-related health disparities. Authors discuss both combustible andelectronic tobacco products, as well as current research on the adverse impact of vaping and associated flavorings including menthol, role of the e-cigarette in cessation, and treatment of adolescent nicotine dependence. Chapters conclude with a discussion of specific tobacco control policies to improve overall public health. This is an ideal guide for pulmonologists, pediatricians, primary care physicians and other specialty providers who see patients with nicotine dependence. This book is also of interest to public health professions to help inform public health campaigns and treatment offerings to reduce overall tobacco product use through prevention and treatment.

This book discusses the sources, human health hazards and risk prevention strategies associated with aeolian dust particles (fine and ultrafine) in the atmosphere. It covers the challenges of accurately forecasting aeolian dust and the need to raise public awareness on the warning signs and harmful impacts of airborne dust. Also discussed is the presence of microorganisms, heavy metals and other pollutants in dust which contributes to harmful impacts on human health as well as management and treatment options for the various health issues that can result from exposure. The book is a useful resource for scientists, engineers and policymakers interested in dust and health.

The field of genetics has undergone a revolution in recent years, thanks to the development of powerful tools such as CRISPR-Cas9, gene editing, and genome engineering. These tools allow scientists to study genes in unprecedented detail, and to modify them in ways that were previously impossible. This has opened up new possibilities for precision medicine, gene therapy, and the treatment of genetic diseases.Genetic engineering and modification have also been used to study the function of genes and to elucidate their role in various biological processes. Gene regulation and expression, transcription factors, and RNA interference are some of the key areas of research in genetics. Epigenetics, which refers to changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence, is another important area of study.Overall, genetics has enormous potential to improve our understanding of biology and to revolutionize healthcare. As the field continues to evolve, we can expect to see more exciting discoveries and breakthroughs in the years ahead

Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Machine learning techniques have shown promising results in the early detection and prediction of lung cancer. However, high-dimensional data, such as gene expression profiles, can introduce noise and decrease the classification accuracy of machine learning models. Feature selection techniques can alleviate this issue by identifying the most relevant and informative features, leading to better model performance.Optimized feature selection techniques can enhance the prediction accuracy of lung cancer using machine learning algorithms. Support vector machines, random forest, and artificial neural networks are commonly used algorithms for lung cancer prediction. By optimizing feature selection, these models can be trained with the most informative features, reducing overfitting and improving classification accuracy.Cross-validation techniques can also be used to evaluate the performance of feature selection and machine learning algorithms. The integration of optimized feature selection with machine learning techniques can provide an accurate and reliable lung cancer prediction model, which has the potential to improve early detection and precision medicine for lung cancer patients.Overall, optimized feature selection for enhancing lung cancer prediction using machine learning techniques is a promising approach to improving patient outcomes and reducing the global burden of lung cancer.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Exhaled breath analysis is a promising non-invasive approach for the early detection of lung cancer. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can provide valuable information on the presence of cancer biomarkers.Nanomaterial-based chemical sensors have emerged as a potential solution for the accurate detection of VOCs in exhaled breath. These sensors can detect VOCs with high sensitivity and selectivity, and their small size and low power consumption make them suitable for point-of-care diagnosis.The combination of nanomaterial-based chemical sensors with machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms can enhance the accuracy and reliability of lung cancer diagnosis. These algorithms can identify patterns in the VOCs data that are characteristic of lung cancer, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment options.Overall, the use of nanomaterial-based chemical sensors for exhaled breath analysis offers a promising approach for the early detection of lung cancer. This approach has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and improve patient outcomes through precision medicine.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects 13¿20 people per 100,000 population worldwide. In the United States, approximately 100,000 people have IPF with 30,000¿40,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Diagnosis remains a challenge with a significant lag between symptoms onset and diagnosis. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can carry high morbidity and mortality. This book provides concise, easy-to-read, and up-to-date information as it relates to clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of IPF. Despite, adequate treatment, the disease progresses, and a lung transplant is necessary in some cases. This book also discusses the role of lung transplants for IPF and its complications. It is a useful resource for primary care physicians, allied health professionals, hospitalists, and pulmonary physicians who take care of patients with IPF.

Living with Taiji is the product of decades of experience: Grandmaster Frieder Anders has practiced Yang-style Taiji for almost fifty years, served as a teacher for over forty years, and applied its methods to nourish life for over twenty years. The book divides into two parts. First, "Taiji in Action" reprints sections of monthly blog posts on the concrete activation of the practice; it focuses on the breathing types and the growth of inner power. Second, "Fundamental Concepts" introduces key principles as well as the Daoist perspective (by Emmanuel Seitz). The book is inspiring and easy to read; it offers an in-depth understanding of Taiji and gentle guidance toward the personal unfolding of optimal ways of being and resilience through inner power.

In this issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, guest editor Dr. Vikas Aggarwal brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Pulmonary Embolism Interventions. Top experts in the field respond to the recent rise in interest to manage and invasively treat patients with acute and chronic pulmonary embolism (PE), covering key topics such as hemodynamic profiling of PE; catheter-directed thrombolysis or catheter-based thrombectomy in acute PE; mechanical circulatory support and critical care management of high-risk acute PE; open surgical treatment for acute and chronic PE; exercise testing, medical management, and rehabilitation in chronic PE; and more. Contains 15 relevant, practice-oriented topics including pulmonary artery denervation in management of pulmonary hypertension; Pulmonary Vascular Disease Center of Excellence: putting it all together; unmet needs and future direction for PE interventions; multimodality imaging for acute and chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary disease; evolving role and clinical evidence in the global practice of balloon pulmonary angioplasty; outpatient follow up of PE; and more.  Provides in-depth clinical reviews on pulmonary embolism interventions, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.  Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.