Reumatologi

Psoriasis is a non-communicable and chronic autoimmune disease. It is characterized by red, itchy scaly patches mostly on the knees, elbows, back and scalp. There are five main forms of psoriasis. It includes plaque psoriasis, guttate psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, and erythrodermic psoriasis. It is a genetic disease, which is stimulated by environmental factors. Stress, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, skin dryness, HIV infection, and certain drugs are some key factors that prompt this condition. It leads to several complications such as conjunctivitis, metabolic syndrome, Crohn's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. Diagnosis varies according to the appearance of the skin. It includes differential diagnosis and in certain cases a skin biopsy. Psoriatic arthritis is a type of inflammatory arthritis which affects people who have psoriasis. The most common treatments for mild to moderate psoriasis include topical treatments (application of creams or ointments), phototherapy, and systemic treatment (oral and injected medications). Treatment of psoriatic arthritis involves biological therapies, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and steroid injections. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to various topics of relevance to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis have been included in this book. Students, immunologists, doctors, researchers, and all interested in this medical condition will find it beneficial.

Arthritis refers to a condition characterized by the inflammation of the joints. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the two major forms of arthritis. Some other types of arthritis include psoriatic arthritis, gout, fibromyalgia and septic arthritis. Pain in the joints, stiffness, redness, swelling and decreased range of motion are the most common symptoms of arthritis. Multiple factors such as age, genetic history, muscle weakness and autoimmune disorders can lead to the development of arthritis. There are several diagnostic tests for this medical condition that include physical examination, blood tests, X-ray, MRI, and CT scans. The objective of treatment is to provide effective relief from symptoms and control further joint damage. Some common treatments are medications, physical therapy, nutrient rich diet, occupational therapy, regular exercise, and hot and cold compresses. The aim of this book is to present new insights into arthritis research. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying this medical condition.

Rheumatic diseases are the conditions that cause chronic and intermittent pain, and affect the joints and the connective tissue. Some rheumatic diseases are autoimmune in origin such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, etc. Different rheumatic disorders are caused due to different reasons and all require different kinds of treatment. The most common symptoms include intermittent pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness. Rheumatism severely affects vital organs such as the heart, kidneys, nervous system, lungs, etc. Rheumatic disorders are diagnosed using physical examination followed by specialized laboratory and imaging tests. The initial therapy of rheumatological diseases is usually through analgesics, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), etc. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy are other recommended treatment techniques for these diseases. The topics included in this book on the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Through it, an attempt has been made to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts on these diseases.

Rheumatology is a discipline of medical science that deals with the study and management of rheumatic diseases. It is involved in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic conditions of the musculoskeletal system, autoimmune diseases, soft tissues and inherited connective tissue disorders. Some common rheumatic diseases are arthritis, dermatomyositis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, vasculitis, lupus erythematosus, Lyme disease and fibromyalgia. It involves the diagnosis of these diseases by performing physical examination tests such as Schober's test, multiple joint inspection, and musculoskeletal examination. X-rays, laboratory tests including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, and anti-citrullinated protein (anti-CCP) antibody tests are also commonly used for diagnosis in rheumatology. The treatment options available for rheumatic diseases include analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), occupational therapy, and physiotherapy. The severe cases of rheumatic diseases are treated with rheumasurgery or rheumatoid surgery. This book explores the recent trends in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of medicine. The book aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

A tissue refers to a distinct material comprising of special cells, which work together in coordination to carry out a particular function. There are four types of tissues, namely, connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Connective tissue diseases are a set of medical conditions in which the connective tissues of the body are the primary target of pathology. There are several types of connective tissue diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, marfan syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and microscopic polyangiitis. The signs and symptoms of these diseases include weakness, fatigue and fever. Some of the major epithelial tissue diseases and conditions include celiac disease, asthma, human papilloma virus (HPV), vertigo, and certain types of cancer. Medications, vitamin supplements and physical therapy can be used to treat these diseases. This book aims to understand the clinical perspectives of tissue diseases. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. This book is a vital tool for all researching and studying these diseases.

Vasculitis refers to a group of disorders in which the blood vessels are destroyed through inflammation. This condition affects both arteries and veins. The primary cause of vasculitis is leukocyte migration and the subsequent damage. There can be several symptoms of this disease such as lung infiltrates, joint swelling, unintentional weight loss, acute visual loss, perforations, livedo reticularis, gangrene, and inflammation of the kidney's filtration units. Diagnosis may involve laboratory testing of body fluids and blood, as well as biopsy of involved tissues or organs. Treatments are focused on stopping the inflammation process and suppressing the immune system. Corticosteroids such as prednisone are commonly utilized for this purpose. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the clinical management of vasculitis. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by it.

Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to keep the body's internal environment within bounds that enable the organism to survive. Chemical regulation, thermoregulation and osmoregulation are the primary types of homeostatic regulations that occur in the body. Muscle regeneration is the ability of an adult muscle to regenerate damaged fibers and it represents an essential homeostatic function. It is an extremely coordinated program, which partly mimics the embryonic developmental program. It also includes the activation of the muscle compartment of stem cells, specifically satellite cells as well as other precursor cells. The activities of these cells are dependent on environmental signals. Muscle regeneration can be hampered by a number of pathological conditions either because of the increasing loss of stem cell populations or due to the absence of signals that prevent damaged tissues from effectively activating a regenerative program. Thus, it is possible that losing control over these cells will result in pathological cell differentiation. The topics included herein on muscle regeneration and homeostasis is of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Any condition that causes inflammation or swelling of the muscles is called myositis. It has various causes, which include inflammatory conditions, injury, infection and immune disorders. Most of the causes of myositis are autoimmune in nature wherein the body attacks its own muscle tissues. Inflammatory conditions such as dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis cause severe myositis. Lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis are some of the milder forms of myositis. Common cold, flu viruses, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are some viruses that may cause myositis. Its treatment depends on the underlying cause. Myositis caused due to inflammatory conditions requires treatment with drugs such as prednisone, azathioprine and methotrexate that suppress the immune system. This book is compiled in such a manner that it will provide an in-depth knowledge about the types, diagnosis and treatment of myositis. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about this medical condition. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information on myositis as well as for experts.

Sarcopenia refers to the aging-related muscle wasting and weakness which involves a degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and strength. It is a condition characterized by muscular atrophy. Exercise level, nutrition, and co-morbidities all influence the rate of muscle loss. Changes in muscle synthesis signaling pathways are linked to the loss of muscle. Sarcopenia can impair a person's capacity to perform daily tasks such as walking, climbing stairs and lifting objects. It is linked to severe comorbidities, including obesity, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Sarcopenia can be prevented and delayed by leading an active lifestyle and engaging in physical activity. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge on the impact of age-related muscle wasting and weakness associated with sarcopenia. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of this disease. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this medical condition.

Arthritis is a condition involving joint inflammation. It may impact a single joint or a number of joints. The stiffness and pain in joints are the primary signs of arthritis and these symptoms get worse with age. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are the two of its most prevalent forms. Various factors contributing to arthritis include overuse of a joint, weakened muscles and autoimmune diseases. There are various risk factors of arthritis such as age, prior joint damage, family history, obesity, etc. The treatment options for this disease differ according to its type. The primary objective of arthritis treatments is to alleviate symptoms and enhance the quality of life. Occupational therapy, regular exercise, mobility assistance devices like walkers or canes, medications, dietary supplements, physical therapy and other treatments are typically used to treat arthritis. This book contains some path-breaking studies on arthritis. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease.

Sarcopenia refers to a type of muscle loss which occurs due to aging or immobility. It is characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass and quality, which is dependent on factors such as nutrition, exercise level and co-morbidities. Sarcopenia is a component of the frailty syndrome and can result in decreased quality of life as well as incapacity, falls and fractures. It has become a crucial subject in geriatric medicine and represents a growing area of research. Inactivity is a major risk factor of sarcopenia and regular exercise can significantly decrease the muscle loss. The most beneficial form of exercise is resistance training, which is designed for enhancing the muscle stamina and strength by using resistance weights and bands. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of sarcopenia and the clinical implications of the researches conducted on it. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques for clinical diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information on this disease as well as for experts.

Rheumatology refers to the medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases. It entails the study and treatment of conditions affecting the joints, as well as the ligaments, muscles and tendons that surround them. Rheumatic diseases are auto-immune and inflammatory conditions that include Lyme disease, dermatomyositis, vasculitis, sarcoidosis, arthritis, lupus erythematosus, etc. Rheumatology is also linked to soft tissue diseases, such as low back pain, olecranon bursitis and fibromyalgia. A variety of management techniques including occupational and physical therapy, rehabilitation, drug treatments and even surgery in extreme situations can be utilized for treating patients in rheumatology. Drug therapy includes opiates, antidepressants and anti-inflammatory medications. Patient care in rheumatology typically emphasizes on psychosocial interventions, patient education and self-management support. It also focuses on the physical components of the condition through assessments of physical health outcomes and biomarker review. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of rheumatology which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It covers in detail some existent theories and clinical concepts revolving around this domain. Those with an interest in this field would find this book helpful.

Arthritis refers to joint inflammation which can impact a single joint or a number of joints. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), metabolic arthritis, osteoarthritis and infectious arthritis are some of the different types of arthritis. It has various signs and symptoms such as stiffness, pain, swelling, redness, etc. The factors that contribute to the development of arthritis are aberrant metabolism, infections, injuries, immune system malfunction and genetic makeup. Some of the imaging techniques that are used to diagnose arthritis include computerized tomography (CT), ultrasound, X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Its treatment involves non-pharmacologic therapies, weight loss, surgery, drugs, occupational or physical therapy, etc. Physical activity improves mental health and movement, and reduces pain in people with arthritis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are beneficial in reducing inflammation and relieving pain. Furthermore, putting ice packs on aching muscles can reduce inflammation and pain following intense activity among patients. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of arthritis and the recent researches on this medical condition. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to the management of inflammation and pain. Researchers and students engaged in the study and management of this medical condition will be assisted by this book.

Arthritis is a disorder characterized by pain and swelling in one or more joints. It has various signs and symptoms, including stiffness, discomfort, reduced range of motion in joints, etc. Arthritis is commonly classified in six different types, namely, infectious arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Its risk factors are previous joint injury, family history, obesity, age and gender. Physical examination, arthrocentesis, as well as imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, MRI and X-ray, are all used to diagnose arthritis. The goal of treatment is to reduce joint deterioration, control pain, and maintain or improve quality of life. There are several ways to treat arthritis, which includes a combination of occupational therapy, regular exercise, a nutrient-rich diet, physical therapy, etc. Lotions containing menthol or capsaicin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics and other medications are also used to treat arthritis. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the clinical assessment and interventions for arthritis. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by it.

This book evaluates muscle and nerve biopsies. It creates a more analytical view of neuromuscular diseases in the light of clinical findings. Diseases that occur mostly in muscle or nerve tissue may show common clinical findings. Addressing these two issues together will make it easier to understand the diseases. Neuromuscular diseases, normal histology, embryology, and physiopathology of muscles and nerves are discussed with a main focus on differential diagnosis. The book also presents the most cost-effective and easiest-to-follow algorithms for the differential diagnosis of diseases.

The book examines recent developments in regenerative medicine and the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound. Musculoskeletal regeneration has become a prominent research topic, no doubt due to the sociological and economic pressures imposed by the current ageing population. The ever expanding role of regenerative medicine and the identification as well as characterization of stem cells have introduced a major paradigm shift in the field of musculoskeletal and sports medicine as well as orthopaedic surgery. Whereas in the past, diseased tissue was replaced with allograft material, current trends in research revolve around regenerating damaged tissue.Specifically, regenerative medicine stands in contrast to the standard treatment modalities which impair the body's natural abilities to facilitate endogenous repair mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory drugs; or destructive modalities (e.g., radiotherapy, nerve ablation, injections of botulinum toxin) and surgical interventions that permanently alter the functioning of a joint, bone or spine. When compared to other allopathic options (including knee and hip arthroplasty with a 90-day mortality rate of 0.7%), regenerative medicine treatment modalities have a lower incidence of adverse events with a growing body of statistically significant medical literature illustrating both their safety and efficacy. Focusing on the major values of regenerative medicine, this book with its 21 chapters is expected to fill an important void in the current literature. It will take that extra step to guide you in your day to day clinical practice. Featuring contributions from a large international group of leaders in regenerative medicine and musculoskeletal ultrasonography, this book is an authoritative reference for rheumatologists, physiatrists, sonographers, radiologists, physiotherapists and orthopaedic specialists.

This volume on Rarer Arthropathies, part of the series "e;Rare Diseases of the Immune System"e; aims to fill a gap in the literature by informing and updating clinicians on the unusual and uncommon forms of arthritis and related musculoskeletal conditions. It will be a valuable go-to resource for clinicians to support them in differential diagnosis, in particular when facing unusual presentations. Nineteen chapters written by experts have covered a wide range of these conditions, providing first rate information on topics yet lacking adequate coverage; from Palindromic Rheumatism to SAPHO Syndrome and other chronic immune-mediated conditions, while also including arthritis in leprosy, tuberculosis and chikungunya.Smaller, crisp paragraphs and apt subheadings will help the readers in easily understanding the up to date information provided in the chapters. Line diagrams, original full-color clinical photographs and informative tables also support easy assimilation of information, turning this book in a useful ready reckoner on the desks and smartphones. All specialists, including rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, pediatricians, physicians practicing internal medicine and rehabilitation medicine will find this volume invaluable in   their daily clinical work. 

Lupus erythematodes ist eine Erkrankung des Immunsystems mit sehr unterschiedlichem Erscheinungsbild, die Zahl nicht diagnostizierter Fälle ist hoch. Das Buch trägt seinen Teil zur umfassenden Aufklärung über diese Erkrankung bei. Das Ziel dieses Ratgebers ist es, Menschen mit der Diagnose ¿Lupus erythematodes¿ und deren Angehörigen ein möglichst normales Leben zu ermöglichen. Dafür ist es wichtig, dass die Betroffenen möglichst viel zu Ihrer Erkrankung wissen: Die Autoren des Buches, anerkannte Fachärzte, die täglich mit betroffenen Patienten sprechen und sie behandeln, haben die wichtigsten Informationen zur Entstehung von Lupus erythematodes, zu Untersuchungsmethoden und zu Therapie zusammengetragen. Das Buch erklärt darüber hinaus, wie Patienten und Angehörige mit der Krankheit umgehen und leben können und wie sich der Verlauf durch Eigenaktivitäten positiv beeinflussen lässt.Empfehlung der Lupus Erythematodes Selbsthilfegemeinschaft e.V.

This book is an entirely revised second edition of "Imaging of the Knee", published in 2003, and provides an up-to-date comprehensive review of imaging and pathologies of the knee. In the first part of the book, the various techniques employed when imaging the knee are discussed in detail. Individual chapters are devoted to radiography, arthrography, computed tomography and CT arthrography, magnetic resonance imaging and MR arthrography, and ultrasonography. The second part then documents the application of these techniques to the diverse clinical problems and diseases encountered in the knee. Among the many topics addressed are congenital and developmental abnormalities, trauma, meniscal pathology, the cruciate and collateral ligaments, the postoperative knee, infection, arthritis, osteochondritis, osteonecrosis and tumors. Each chapter is written by an acknowledged expert in the field, and a wealth of illustrative material is included. This book will be of great value to radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons.

In this book recognized world-renowned expert authors expose the state of the art on musculoskeletal ultrasound elastography.Low cost, wide dissemination and accuracy in the evaluation of the musculoskeletal structures, nerves, periosseous soft parts, vascular structures, together with the possibility of performing real time dynamic studies, made the ultrasound technique widely spread among sonographers and musculoskeletal radiologists.Each chapter presents a description of the elastographic semiotics of the main pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and soft tissue, images that represent both routine and more complex clinical cases in a practical and schematic way and summary tables on the characteristics in terms of elasticity found in the main pathologies.A wealth of color images as well as dynamic images and tables complete the book, that will be a useful tool for sonographers , radiologists, orthopedists, sports medicine specialists wishing to expand their knowledge on ultrasound elastography.

In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic. Contains 15 practice-oriented topics including how treatment approaches should change when there is arthritis, myositis, and/or sicca syndrome; the roles of occupational therapy, physical therapy, wound care, and nutritional support; mental health considerations in patients with scleroderma; the best approaches to vaccination, bone health, and cancer screening; the best ways to teach the next generation of rheumatologists about scleroderma; and more.  Provides in-depth clinical reviews on scleroderma, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.  Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.Â

Rheumatoid arthritis may be incurable, yet it doesn't have to be uncontrollable. With proper treatment, you can control your ra to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage. While there aren't any known ways to prevent you from experiencing ra, you can prevent and minimize flare ups.You don't have to suffer from the pain caused by ra. Treatment methods exist that can help you relieve pain. Even more, there are safe and natural alternative treatment methods that can help you live pain free from ra without causing further damage. Here is a preview of what you'll learn...What is rheumatoid arthritis?Diagnosis, symptoms & complicationsMedical treatments for rheumatoid arthritisExercises for rheumatoid arthritisDiet & lifestyle changes for reliefTreating with herbsMuch more!This book, rheumatoid arthritis: a guide to the natural approach against rheumatoid arthritis will help you deal with your condition in the healthiest and most natural way possible. It will tackle the disease, leaving nothing unturned, and then it will take the safest and most favorable route to liberation from its debilitating symptoms.

The aim of the book is to sensitize physicians and researchers to the important long-term health effects of early, persistent, and severe trauma. The author, an internist, rheumatologist, and basic researcher in psychoneuroimmunology, shows connections between adverse childhood experiences and typical adult sequelae. After early traumatic experiences and childhood stress, there is a higher incidence of mental illness, chronic pain, sleep disorders, dental problems, obesity, cardiovascular disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus and chronic inflammation. A selection of diseases unmistakably demonstrate the long-term consequences of early childhood trauma. These childhood experiences create a kind of long-term programming that has a negative effect in adulthood. From his psychoneuroimmunological perspective, Rainer Straub identifies four factors that link the brain to the immune system and are involved in chronic immune activation: direct connectors originating from the brain, indirect connectors functioning through hormonal and neuronal pathways, extracorporeal (the environmental factors) and pleiotropic connectors (genetic factors).The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

Ankylosing Spondylitis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects about 1-3% of the world population. This debilitating disease affecting primarily young males exerts considerable socio-economic consequences. The exact pathogenesis of AS has not yet been fully understood; therefore, novel, detailed information sources are required. This book offers cutting-edge knowledge about the molecular basic and immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Ankylosing Spondylitis. It is one of the scarce scientific resources discussing the environmental factors triggering the disease, along with the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatments. This book covers the most recent and reliable researches and developments about spondyloarthropathies in order to provide elaborated, integrated guidance on the molecular mechanisms of Spondyloarthropathies. It will prove helpful for rheumatologists, immunologists, biologists, geneticists, and medical science students who wish to learn more about SpAs.

This book details the practice of telerheumatology. Telemedicine is defined as the delivery of healthcare and the exchange of healthcare information across distances. Following, telerheumatology is the delivery of rheumatology care through telemedicine. There exists an increasing demand from patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems for access to academic specialists through telemedicine. This has been the case for the past several years and the demand has only increased with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. There is currently a lack of rheumatologists in rural areas and that is expected to spread to a general lack by 2025. Telerheumatology offers an excellent and timely solution to fill these gaps and provide care.Telerheumatology care has been shown to be feasible and quite effective. The current COVID-19 pandemic has thrust the concept of telemedicine into the spotlight. However, not all telerheumatology care is the same and there exists many nuances and differences when examining telerheumatology care across the United States and the world. After comprehensively reviewing the origins of telerheumatology, this work defines in detail the current practice of telerheumatology, along with the specific impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and all applications of telerheumatology.  Expert authors also provide a detailed roadmap for providers to initiate, sustain, and grow a telerheumatology program. The book concludes by covering future directions of telerheumatology, including areas for expansion, improvement, and innovation.After reading this work, the editor and all the contributing authors hope that it will inspire, provoke thought and discussion, and lead to increased adaptation of providing telerheumatology care by rheumatologists and rheumatology providers.