Historiografi

This book uncovers the history of a group of Jewish workers and merchants in the Amsterdam diamond industry during the Holocaust. They and their families were exempt from deportation for a long time, but were eventually deported to Bergen-Belsen. In the end, almost all of the men perished, and the women barely survived slave-labour. Their children were left to die in the camp, but were miraculously saved by the intervention of a Jewish Polish woman, ¿nurse Lubä. The main sources on which this book is based are video testimonies of the surviving members of this group, personal interviews, minutes of interviews taken down in shorthand shortly after the war, and personal documents such as letters, archival documents, and autobiographical books.

A completely revised edition of James W. Loewen's classic retelling of American history, based on six new textbooks and including an all-new chapter on the recent pastSince its first publication in 1995, Lies My Teacher Told Me has gone on to win an American Book Award and the Oliver Cromwell Cox Award for Distinguished Anti-Racist Scholarship, and has sold over a million copies in its various editions.What started out as a survey of the twelve leading American history textbooks has ended up being what the San Francisco Chronicle calls "e;an extremely convincing plea for truth in education."e; In Lies My Teacher Told Me, James W. Loewen brings history alive in all its complexity and ambiguity. Beginning with pre-Columbian history and ranging over characters and events as diverse as Reconstruction, Helen Keller, the first Thanksgiving, and the My Lai massacre, Loewen offers an eye-opening critique of existing textbooks, and a wonderful retelling of American history as it shouldand couldbe taught to American students.This new edition also features a handsome new cover and a new introduction by the author.

This book traces the transformation of history from a Romantic literary pursuit into a modern academic discipline during the second half of the nineteenth century, and shows how this change inspired Victorians to reconsider what it meant to be a historian. This reconceptualization of the ¿historian¿ lies at the heart of this book as it explores how historians strove to forge themselves a collective scholarly persona that reflected and legitimised their new disciplinary status and gave them authority to speak on behalf of the past. The author argues that historians used the persona as a replacement for missing institutional structures, and converted book parts to a sphere where they could mould and perform their persona. By ascribing agency to titles, footnotes, running heads, typography, cover design, size, and other paratexts, the book makes an important shift in the way we perceive the formation of modern disciplines. By combining the persona and paratexts, it offers a novel approach to themes that have enjoyed great interest in the history of science. It examines, for example, the role which epistemic and moral virtues held in the Victorian society and scholarly culture, the social organization and hierarchies of scholarly communities, the management of scholarly reputations, the commercialization of knowledge, and the relationship between the persona and the underpinning social, political, economic, and cultural structures and hierarchies. Making a significant contribution to persona studies, it provides new insights for scholars interested in the history of humanities, science, and knowledge; book history; and Victorian culture.

When public history was imported from the United States to China around the turn of the twenty-first century, it was introduced as a sub-field within history, and has developed along that path ever since. Professional historians in China, even some forward-looking ones, see public history as merely presenting a change in the patterns of participation in history-making. This book offers a sharply different view. It contends, essentially, that public history represents more than a research domain within history or within any existing discipline, nor does it fit into any established narratives, but rather, a fundamental change of the entire process of history-making in China. In this process, the public is prosuming history. Public history makes obsolete the old structure for building and acquiring historical knowledge: it challenges the old assumptions, supersedes the rigid academic hierarchy, and stirs the imaginations of the multitudes. With an assemblage of case studies, this work makes a case for a system view of public history making, or public history(ing), and launches a concept, complex public history, i.e. public history(ing) as complex adaptive systems.

"History", suggests Robert Gildea, "is a battlefield." Questions of power, rights, identity and nationhood always have an ancient and modern historical dimension and countries still go to war over their interpretation of history. Yet accounts of history are just as prone to fabrication as fake news, so how can we tell good history from bad? How can history be critical, learning from the past and righting wrongs, rather than divisive, such as riding roughshod over the rights of others? In this passionately argued book, Gildea suggests that the more people who really understand what good history entails, the more likely history is to triumph over myth. He sees positive signs in public history, citizen historians and community projects, among other developments. And he debunks claims that 'you cannot rewrite history', arguing that good history that's attuned to its times must be rewritten time and again.

L'histoire écrite est souvent celle des vainqueurs et des dominants, faite pour servir leurs causes. Ce dont l'auteure parle ici est plutôt l'histoire des oubliés, des invisibles, de ceux que l'on voudrait ignorer; une histoire inconnue de civilisations et de peuples disparus qui, pour certains, vécurent sur des terres, elles aussi disparues et que l'histoire écrite semble ignorer. Ignorer, à moins qu'il ne s'agisse d'une Histoire interdite . Cet essai insolite et inclassable - développé en trois livres, dont voici le premier - nous mène vers une humanité vieille de plusieurs millions d'années. Il démonte légendes, croyances et dogmes enracinés qui soutiennent des pouvoirs religieux et politico-économiques; des pouvoirs écrasants qui remonteraient à des exilés extra-planétaires qui, depuis des millénaires, tentent d'asservir l'humanité. Marie Għandia part en queste de l'histoire de l'homme inscrite dans les grands cycles de la Précession des Équinoxes et des bouleversements qui se sont abattus sur notre planète, telles les météorites qui ont détruit la vie à plus de 95 %, à deux reprises, il y a environ 215 et 65 millions d'années. Elle raconte comment de grands Êtres bienveillants aidèrent la vie à se réinstaller et à se perpétuer; elle nous explique par quel mystère ces êtres de pouvoir sont encore parmi nous. Elle nous parle de géants et de lilliputiens, de mégalithes et d'immenses cités souterraines, du plus vieux manuscrit connu: le Livre d'Hénoch. Ce livre I nous offre une vertigineuse remontée dans le temps qui débute par une évocation de l'Égypte ancienne. Car c'est dans le berceau de l'Égypte, à l'aurore du 21e siècle, au fil du Nil, que Marie Għandia fit la rencontre inattendue des Veilleurs, gardiens de la transmission orale, qui l'initièrent à l'histoire non écrite et la guidèrent vers les lieux, vestiges et documents sur lesquels appuyer ses recherches. Il lui a fallu dix années pour assimiler ce dont ces Veilleurs l'avaient instruite, tant ce qu'ils lui donnèrent à connaître était loin de ce qu'elle croyait savoir. L'auteure, née en 1945 dans la Vienne, a consacré l'essentiel de sa vie à voyager et découvrir le monde, à observer d'un oeil neuf la trajectoire de l'humanité par le biais de rencontres intenses et magiques qui ne sont pas le fait du hasard.Elle donne ainsi un sens singulier à nos origines à travers une écriture rigoureuse et extrêmement documentée de l'histoire de l'humanité.

This book shares timely and thought-provoking methodological and theoretical approaches from perspectives concerning landscape, gender, cognition, neural networks, material culture and ontology in order to comprehend rock art's role in memorisation processes, collective memory, and the intergenerational circulation of knowledge. The case studies offered here stem from human experiences from around the globe-Africa, Australia, Europe, North and South America-, which reflects the authors' diverse interpretative stances. While some of the approaches deal with mnemonics, new digital technologies and statistical analysis, others examine performances, sensory engagement, language, and political disputes, giving the reader a comprehensive view of the myriad connections between memory studies and rock art. Indigenous interlocutors participate as collaborators and authors, creating space for Indigenous narratives of memory. These narratives merge with Western versions of past and recent memories in order to construct jointly novel inter-epistemic understandings of images made on rock. Each chapter demonstrates the commitment of rock art studies to strengthen and enrich the field by exploring how communities and cultures across time have perceived and entangled rock images with a broad range of material culture, nonhumans, people, emotions, performances, sounds and narratives. Such relations are pivotal to understanding the universe behind the intersections of memory and rock art and to generating future interdisciplinary collaborative studies.

"Before World War II, transparent government was a proud tradition in the United States. In all but the most serious of circumstances, classification, covert operations, and spying were considered deeply un-American. But after the war, the power to decide what could be kept secret proved too tempting to give up. Since then, we have radically departed from that open tradition, allowing intelligence agencies, black sites, and classified laboratories to grow unchecked. Officials insist that only secrecy can keep us safe, but its true costs have gone unacknowledged for too long. Using the latest techniques in data science, historian Matthew Connelly analyzes a vast trove of state secrets to unearth not only what the government really did not want us to know but also why they didn't want us to know it. Culling this research and carefully examining a series of pivotal moments in recent history, from Pearl Harbor to drone warfare, Connelly sheds light on the drivers of state secrecy-- especially incompetence and criminality--and how rampant overclassification makes it impossible to protect truly vital information. What results is an astonishing study of power: of the greed it enables, of the negligence it protects, and of what we lose as citizens when our leaders cannot be held to account. A crucial examination of the self-defeating nature of secrecy and the dire state of our nation's archives, The Declassification Engine is a powerful reminder of the importance of preserving the past so that we may secure our future."

Writing Southern Italy before the Renaissance is the first comprehensive book in English to examine the works of trecento historians of the Mezzogiorno. It introduces these writers, their lives, works, sources, language choices, narrative communities and strategies, and their styles and forms. Ronald G. Musto brings to bear current methodological and theoretical frameworks to develop this analysis. Central to his examination are the role of trecento visual language and the impact of fictional forms on this historiography. He traces the fine line between historia and fabula and the ability of trecento writers to absorb and utilize the symbolic forms deployed by such artists as Giotto, Lorenzetti and Francesco da Barberino and such romances as Meliadus, the Contesse d'Anjou and Constance. To illustrate and test these analyses, Musto offers case studies examining rituals of punishment and prison dialogues. He traces the development of a grand narrative - the black legend of the Angevins - through Petrarch, Villani, Boccaccio and Gravina. A final chapter compares trecento historiography to that of the southern humanists.This second, revised edition is published by special arrangement with Routledge. It presents revised text; revised and updated notes; a chronology of persons and events; and a complete, updated and comprehensive bibliography. It also incorporates selected new source materials and secondary research published since that first edition. For consistency of reference, all numbering of chapters, subsections, annotation and pagination remain the same as in the hardcover edition.

"A guide to the geology of Milwaukee's natural setting and built landscape, with descriptions of geologically derived building materials of 112 Cream City architectural sites. The book provides in-depth discussions of the origins and significance of many rock types, brick and terra-cotta varieties, and ornamental metal and glass products"--

This book examines the rise of two contrasting variants of Hindu nationalism¿the Bharatiya Janata Party¿s (BJP) divisive cultural nationalism and the softer, less threatening variant of Hindutva espoused by the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) and Trinamool Congress (TMC). Historically, the overlaps between Hinduism and Islam bolstered the narrative that the Muslims were culturally inferior to the Hindus and that Hinduism was Indiäs unifying tradition. As a result, for many Hindus, emphasizing the distinctiveness of a minority group, especially the Muslims, represents a threat to Hindu superiority and Indiäs cultural integrity. With the rise of the BJP, AAP, and TMC, we witness a tussle between two strains of Hindu nativism. The BJP attempts to attract the Hindu vote by heightening the differences between Hindus and Muslims and portraying itself as the restorer of national integrity. The AAP and TMC revive a much older form of cultural nativism by downplaying the separateness of the Muslims, indicating that India is already a Hindu nation and that there is no need to persecute religious minorities. Comparing the two variants of cultural nationalism provides valuable insights into how culture matters in Indian politics.

Of the twelve Augustae who lived during the fifty years of the so-called ¿military anarchy¿ (235-284 A.D.), Ulpia Severina, wife of the ¿Illyrian¿ emperor Aurelian (270-275 AD), is certainly one of the most enigmatic and less known. The book focuses on Ulpia Severina, who, even though never mentioned by name in literary sources, has been studied almost exclusively from the perspective of the numerous coins issued in her name and is the subject of many interesting honorific inscriptions that had not been thoroughly examined or adequately valued until this study. This exceptional situation, represented by the sole presence of Ulpia Severina on the throne of Rome, deserves more attention than it has received. The pages of the university history textbooks dedicated to the reconstruction of a fifty-year phase of Roman-imperial history must be, if not rewritten, at least integrated in order to give the deserved space to this empress and, therefore, to the so-called ¿interregnum,¿which lasted at least two months, between the death of Aurelian and the advent of emperor Tacitus.

Der systematische Erwerb von Kenntnissen im Umgang mit Quellen in jüdischen Sprachen ist im Wissenschaftsbetrieb ein Desideratum. Das vorliegende Buch liefert hierzu eine praktische Einführung. Die ausgewählten handschriftlichen und gedruckten Quellen dokumentieren jüdische Geschichte von der Frühen Neuzeit bis ins 20. Jahrhundert in vier jüdischen Sprachen - Hebräisch, Jiddisch, Judendeutsch und Judenspanisch. Neben der jeweils als Faksimile wiedergegebenen Quelle werden eine Transkription und eine deutsche Übersetzung geboten. Das Buch ermöglicht nicht nur einen Einstieg in die Quellenkunde, insbesondere die Paläographie, sondern durch Kurzbeschreibungen der Texte auch einen Einblick in die Geschichte der Juden im Heiligen Römischen Reich und seinen Nachfolgestaaten. Das Lehrbuch liegt nun in einer überarbeiteten Neuauflage vor.

This book explores the rich history of the keyword from its earliest manifestations (long before it appeared anywhere in Google Trends or library cataloging textbooks) in order to illustrate its implicit and explicit mediation of human cognition and communication processes. The author covers the concept of the keyword from its deictic origins in primate and proto-speech communities, through its development within oral traditions, to its initial appearances in numerous graphical forms and its workings over time within a variety of indexing traditions and technologies. The book follows the history all the way to its role in search engine optimization and social media strategies and its potential as an element in the slowly emerging semantic web, as well as in multiple voice search applications. The author synthesizes different perspectives on the significance of this often-invisible intermediary, both in and out of the library and information science context, helping readers to understand how it has come to be so embedded in our daily life.This book: Provides a thorough history of the keyword, from primate and proto-speech communities to current timesExplains how the concept of the keyword relates to human cognition and communication processesHighlights the applications of the keyword, both in and out of the library and information science context

This book focuses on the analysis of different scales of mobility and addresses parameters and proxies of population movement aiming at the formation of a 'ground' for the further development of quantitative approaches. In order to do so, the volume explores wide scale mobility (environmental contexts and cross-cultural trends), seasonal mobility of Paleolithic and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, and migration, niche construction, utilitarian and non- utilitarian factors of mobility.Chapters in the volume include case studies from across Europe and Asia. The editors' introduction addresses the current state of mobility discourse in archaeology. The chapters address questions related to parameters used to describe different factors of movement and examines correlations between parameters describing environmental diversity, demography, and the values representing spatial movement. This volume is of interest to students and researchers of mobility of human beings in the past.

Peacebuilding and reconciliation between groups and entire nations that share a violent past are among the toughest, yet most important, challenges for modern societies. Opposing perspectives, disagreements about the interpretation of historical events or even entirely different narratives too often impede processes of rapprochement. How can teaching history contribute to overcoming the demarcation lines of such narratives and resolving historical conflicts that are passed on from generation to generation or renewed, amplified and exploited for present political purposes? This volume comprises twelve case studies¿from Central and Eastern Europe to South Africa, from the Middle East to East Asiäexploring stories about successes and failures in the never-ending struggle for peaceful coexistence. All of them ultimately reflect the fundamental question of our discipline: Can we learn from history?

This edited volume brings new perspectives on the topic maritime archaeology of the slave trade in the Caribbean. The book focuses on shipwrecks of the slave trade in the 18th century and suggests that there is a more complex and challenging social narrative than has previously been discussed. The authors examine biographies of ships, crew members, voyage logs, cargo inventories, trader correspondence and contextual analysis of the artifact assemblages to bring new insights into the microeconomics and maritime traditions of these floating prisons. The illustrious biography of Captain Edward Thache (aka Blackbeard) reveals past identities as a naval officer, slave trader, and pirate. Categories of artifacts in archaeological collections represent cultural connections and traditions of enslaved Africans. The volume includes several case studies that inform these narratives and examines slave ships such as la Concorde, Henrietta Marie, Whydah, La Marie Seraphique and Marquis de Bouille. Within the larger context of slave trade during the 18th century, authors explore legal and illegal trade in the British West Indies. These studies also address the plethora of social, political, and environmental impacts on these island communities that played an integral and strategic role in slave trade economics. This volume presents up-to-date research of professional maritime historians, artifact curators, and marine archaeologists drawing upon primary source documents, artwork, and material culture. The research collaborators reconstruct the international spheres of colonial North America, Europe, Africa, and West Indies. It is an interwoven narrative, both unique and typical, to the social and economic dynamics of 18th century Atlantic World.

One of the most contentious theatres of the global conflict between capitalism and communism was Southeast Asia. From the 1920s until the end of the Cold War, the region was racked by international and internal wars that claimed the lives of millions and fundamentally altered societies in the region for generations.