Europæisk historie: middelalderen

Cet ouvrage résume un itinéraire scientifique fondé sur une thématique originale, l¿évolution d¿une vallée et des villes riveraines de la Meuse en partant de l¿étude du fleuve. Celle-ci repose sur des échelles spatiales et chronologiques à la mesure de la nature, le temps long et de larges espaces. Elle s¿appuie sur les données de l¿archéologie et de la géographie, afin d¿envisager tous les sujets qui touchent à la rivière : le cours d¿eau lui-même, les bateaux, les techniques de navigation, les « infrastructures fluviales ». Ces analyses enrichissent des problématiques plus vastes les pouvoirs, des questions relatives à l¿économie ou à la vie sociale. Cet autre regard, sans cloisonnements, cette grande diversité de thématiques s¿éclairant l¿une l¿autre se nomme aujourd¿hui « Histoire connectée ». Cela a encouragé l¿auteur à élargir l¿espace envisagé à l¿ensemble des cours d¿eau entre les Pyrénées et le Rhin. L¿intérêt d¿une telle étude réside en effet dans les comparaisons ainsi permises.

Je suis une villa néo-classique au bord du lac de Neuchâtel en Suisse. Actuellement, vous tenez mon Journal Intime dans vos mains. C'est l'histoire d'un siècle de ma vie. Je vous souhaite... Bonne lecture !

Eleanor of Provence was born in the province of her name in 1223. She has come to England at the age of twelve to marry the king, Henry III. He's sixteen years older, but was a boy when he ascended the throne. He's a kind, sensitive sort whose only personal attachments to women so far have been to his three sisters.

Marcel Elias reveals medieval crusade culture's ambivalent, self-critical qualities, providing fresh perspectives on Middle English romance.

Dans cet article, le concept de solitude est exploré dans les ¿uvres de deux grands écrivains de la littérature européenne et latino-américaine, Albert Camus et Ernesto Sábato. Ce travail a été développé grâce à une analyse comparative de L'Étranger et de Sur les héros et les tombes, où les aspects les plus pertinents qui entrelacent les deux ¿uvres autour de différents concepts de solitude sont mentionnés. En prenant en compte les héros des ¿uvres comme axe central de l'analyse, ce travail vise à comprendre la solitude dans la prose de ces deux auteurs à travers l'amour, la famille, la spiritualité et les images poétiques présentées dans les textes.

This book is based on the postmedieval journal special issue Critical Confessions Now. These chapters on confessions exhibit great diversity and take up different disciplinary approaches by scholars who stand at various stages of their careers. They address not only different time periods but also various linguistic and cultural contexts. Contributors deploy a wide array of methods, critical approaches, and narrative voices, and contributors assumed the confessional voice with a whole host of affective responses ¿ from enthusiasm to cautious hesitation to outright discomfort. Previously published in postmedieval Volume 11, issue 2-3, August 2020.

Margareta war behindert und hat ihr Leben lang schwer gelitten. Mit 12 Jahren entschied sie sich, als Rekluse zu leben und ihr Leid in Gotteslob zu verwandeln. Damit entwickelte sie, drei Jahrhunderte vor der Reformation, die Idee, das Heil nicht zu verdienen, sondern einzig der Gnade Gottes zu vertrauen. Ihr Beichtvater, der Dominikaner Bruder Johannes, schrieb ihre Erfahrungen nieder und gestand dabei, dass er zu Anfang nicht viel von dieser Frau verstand. Nach und nach liess er sich aber auf ihre besondere Spiritualität ein und sah in ihr ein Vorbild eines gottgeweihten Lebens.

Ranging from fifth-century north Africa to twelfth-century Latin Europe, the three texts translated in this book reveal the religious and social importance of beards and baldness in the Middle Ages, as well as the personal anxieties associated with them-but always with a healthy dose of humor. These playful and learned works-In Praise of Baldness, On Bald Men, and A Defense of Beards-enrich our understanding of the history and culture of the Middle Ages, and each is a valuable work of literature in its own right.

This volume studies high and late medieval material culture in a Pan-European context. The idea of ¿unity of culture¿ in Medieval Latin Europe is well known in historical texts, especially when it concerns the so-called ¿Europe North of the Alps¿. This book investigates the similarities and differences in material culture between areas, regions and political entities and opens the dialogue for a more interregional discussion.The editors acknowledge that there are numerous challenges in understanding the phenomenon the volume addresses, the fundamental one being defining (or even redefining) a common material culture of Europe. Important in determining this is greater appreciation of how objects reflect interactions between peoples, both local and foreign, which can be driven by a variety of factors, including trade, conflict and diplomacy etc. But just as important is observing the differences between ¿things¿ across Europe, reflecting developments and transformations its cultural, social and economic history. These works are traditionally presented in isolation or at the local level, maybe even in very specialized tomes, as often it is thought their observation are not relevant to wider discourses. Conversely, what is clear, however, is that by interconnecting these seemingly introvert studies of specific artefact types or sites etc., readers can better appreciate the similarities and differences in material culture across Europe. This book is of interest to researchers in archaeology and material culture.

Ranging from fifth-century north Africa to twelfth-century Latin Europe, the three texts translated in this book reveal the religious and social importance of beards and baldness in the Middle Ages, as well as the personal anxieties associated with them-but always with a healthy dose of humor. These playful and learned works-In Praise of Baldness, On Bald Men, and A Defense of Beards-enrich our understanding of the history and culture of the Middle Ages, and each is a valuable work of literature in its own right.

This book brings together several strands of medieval and medievalist work in the history of emotions, with a focus on literary, historical and cinema studies. It asks how we may best ¿face up¿ to work that has been done already in these fields, and speculates about work that might yet be done, especially by medievalists working across medieval and postmedieval sources. In the idiom ¿facing up,¿ its editors evoke the impulse to assess and realize the place of medieval studies in the burgeoning field of emotions research. Conceptually, psychologically, and artistically, the face is perceived as being at the forefront of many human interactions and emotional practices ¿ as such, the face is not only a powerful conceptual site for theorizing human relationships, past and present, or a site for the representation of emotion: it is itself a catalyst for feeling. As such, the contributions gathered here provide a cutting-edge reflection on the history of medieval emotions.

This book considers how to conceive of the group of islands known in our time as the British Isles in the Late Middle Ages. Was the archipelago considered one geographical unit? Was it an it, or were the islands a they? Singular or plural? Contributions consider possible paths to thinking about late-medieval archipelagism, and in doing so, highlight the inconsistencies and contradictions in medieval (and modern) conceptions of the region.

This book gathers essays on premodern plants, considering the position of critical plant studies in relation to medieval studies. Contributions cover topics including the significance of the daisy in the two Prologues to Chaucer's Legend of Good Women; naming in premodern herbals; gathering prayers; vegetal decay in the prose romance Perceforest; the futurity of plants as they ripen and then rot; and vegetal life in libertine science and literature from the seventeenth century. Taken together, they provide a thoughtful reflection on premodern plants.

¿Authors, Factions, and Courts in Angevin England: A Literature of Personal Ambition (12th-13th Century) advances a model for historical study of courtly literature by foregrounding the personal aims, networks, and careers as the impetus for much of the period¿s literature. The book takes two authors as case studies ¿ Gerald of Wales and Walter Map ¿ to show how authors not only built their own stories but also used popular narratives and the tools of propaganda to achieve their own, personal goals. The purpose of this study is to overturn the top-down model of political patronage, in which patrons ¿ and particularly royal patrons ¿ set the cultural agenda and dictate literary tastes. Rather, Fabrizio De Falco argues that authors were often representative of many different interests expressed by local groups. To pursue those interests, they targeted specific political factions in the changeable political scenario of Angevin England. Their texts reveal a polycentric view of cultural production and its reception. The study aims to model a heuristic process which is applicable to other courtly texts besides the chosen case-studies.

Anhand von zehn ausgewählten niedersächsisch-welfischen Städten stellt Gaby Kuper die Beziehung zwischen der Entwicklung der Städte und der Organisation der Pfarreien im Mittelalter dar. Waren Stadtkirchen immer auch Pfarrkirchen? Und lassen sich die Grenzen der städtischen Pfarreien nachvollziehen? Welchen Einfluss hatten die welfischen Stadtherren auf diese Entwicklung? Untersucht werden Großstädte wie Braunschweig, von Burgen dominierte Städte wie Lüneburg, Göttingen, Hannover, Winsen/L. und Harburg oder von kirchlichen Einrichtungen geprägte Städte wie Uelzen, Gandersheim, Einbeck und Duderstadt. Stadtpläne und Karten ergänzen die Analysen.Based on ten selected Guelph towns, the relationship between the development of towns and parish organisation in the Middle Ages is presented. Urban churches, did they always be parish churches? And can the boundaries of the urban parishes be traced? What influence did the Guelph town lords have on this development? Major cities such as Brunswick, towns dominated by castles such as Lüneburg, Göttingen, Hanover, Winsen/L. and Harburg, or towns characterised by ecclesiastical institutions such as Uelzen, Gandersheim, Einbeck and Duderstadt are examined. Town plans and maps complete the analyses.

Nach der Niederlage bei Tannenberg (1410) und dem Ersten Thorner Frieden (1411) begann, folgt man der älteren Forschung, der Niedergang des Deutschen Ordens. Dabei war der Konflikt mit Polen-Litauen nicht entschieden und die Zeit zwischen 1411 und 1422 geprägt von Schiedsverfahren, Waffenstillständen und erneuten kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen. Wie die Ordensbrüder in dieser Zeit der fortwährenden Unsicherheit die eigenen Handlungsspielräume wahrnahmen, untersucht Mats Homann, indem er einen akteursbezogenen Ansatz entwickelt und anwendet. Auf diese Weise wird deutlich, wer oder was aus der Perspektive des Ordens dazu geeignet war, die eigenen Geschicke zum Besten zu wenden.From the perspective of the Teutonic Order, the period under study (1411-1422) can be understood as a period of searching for a solution to an unresolved situation - especially in the conflict with Poland-Lithuania. The brothers of the Order did not assume that they were in an unchangeably bad position or in decline. Rather, they perceived the question of the long-term development of the Order's Prussia as undecided. However, due to its close observation of the political environment, the Order had to notice that no other actor was in a position to bring about this solution (e.g. by an arbitration award). As a consequence of this assessment, from 1420 onwards there are increasing considerations to shape one's own actions more actively and to show less consideration for other actors.

Did you know that the English longbow was the "machine gun" of the medieval era, with its effectiveness being far greater than the crossbow?The English longbow, typically made of yew wood, was one of the most powerful weapons in the Middle Ages that could change the course of battles. Measuring up to six feet in length, this weapon was highly regarded for its power and accuracy-trained archers could accurately shoot their target from over 200 yards.The longbow also had a faster rate of fire compared to crossbows. Archers could release up to twelve arrows in a minute, while a crossbowman could only fire a maximum of three bolts in the same span of time. Because of this, longbowmen could unleash a devastating rain of arrows upon their enemies, disrupting their formations so the other units could charge in.The medieval archers also required less training time to master the art of the longbow since the weapon's mechanics were far simpler than that of crossbows. The most significant advantage of the longbow, however, was its penetrating power. An accurate shot could easily pierce through the armor of medieval soldiers. These archers would also fire at charging steeds to take down mounted knights. Without their mounts, heavily armored knights would be rendered immobile, making them almost completely vulnerable.The battles of Crécy and Agincourt were great examples where the English longbow proved its worth. At least until the world was introduced to firearms, English longbows were considered the undisputed king of medieval ranged weaponry.The history of the Middle Ages is rather complex and intricate. With so many events taking place simultaneously, curious readers might get confused over time. But that is about to change as this all-new history book allows you to easily explore the gripping events that took place within this interesting period.Here's just a small fraction of what you'll discover:The fall of the Western Roman Empire, which sparked the beginning of the medieval eraThe rise of the Byzantine Empire, which proved the Romans never entirely fellThe emergence of Islam and the Muslims' interference in the European sphereHow the Vikings spread terror across EnglandThe invasions of the Seljuk Turks that sparked the First CrusadeThe daunting murder of the Archbishop of CanterburyHow Joan of Arc was burned to deathHow the Ottomans breached through the impregnable ConstantinopleThe start of the Renaissance, an era of rebirthAnd much, much more!

Did you know that Western civilization has influenced the lives of almost everyone alive today?

"What was believable in one era is no longer acceptable in another. What one culture finds utterly incredible elsewhere becomes an article of faith. This disjuncture forms the basis of Peter Harrison's masterful, expansive intervention in intellectual history, as he challenges misconceptions about modernity in relation to supernaturalism and belief"--

The brilliant warrior-poet Dante Alighieri was born in Florence, in the district or quarter known as San Martino in May or June 1265. In later life, he was banished from his home in Florence by his enemies and began to write The Divine Comedy: Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso. This amazing poem described all the terrors, pains and wonders of Hell, Purgatory and Paradise. Dante had an imagined companion - the Roman poet Virgil, and together they examined the results of gross sin and the forgiveness of God.In this book we are concerned with just a few lines of Inferno, albeit of foremost importance, concerning the horrendous butchery of a vengeance killing in an Italian church during Holy Mass. These lines have a surprising mention of the River Thames in England and so they reflect another bloody conflict - the war between the King of England, Henry III, and the French warrior Simon de Montfort. The book also explores the mythical idea of Rivers of Blood and the English conspiratorial phrase: 'He is up to his neck in it.' The author puts forward a theory showing why Dante may have used particular words in the verses of Inferno.This history details how Earl Simon de Montfort was killed, how his sons Simon and Guy pursued a vendetta against someone who was innocent - Henry, King of the Romans, and how the various Rivers of Blood stemming from the Holy Blood of the crucifixion of Christ and the bloody de Montfort vengeance killing merge into an historic saga of hate and madness.

Full-length analysis of one of the most politically and socially engaged medieval poems

This book addresses Christendom's eastern frontier, the principality of Moldavia: its political, economic, and cultural history from its formation in 1359 to the early sixteenth century.

Although from North Wales, Thomas Pennant was initially known for his travel writing on Scotland, two well-regarded books about whose natural history were published in the early 1770s. And while his books on North Wales deal with geographical, mineralogical, botanical, ornithological, and ichthyological matters, A Tour in Wales, first publisned 1778, focuses primarily on the history and antiquities of the region. These he treated from a gentleman's perspective, his emphasis on the numerous castles, great Mediaeval families, and their estates or dominions; however, he does not neglect commerce, festivals, or notable structures, like city walls, bridges, or canals. Special attention is paid to Owain Glyndŵr's conflict with Henry IV, a subject of enormous interest to the author. The text is bursting with a profusion of names, be it of locations or notable personages; thus, one has to admire Pennant's indefatigable thoroughness, laborious collecting of information, and remarkable erudition-particularly given the sources and tools available at the time, and the general difficulty in accessing books, maps, or documents. His prose is fluid, easy, and extraordinarily amenable, and comes enhanced with twenty-six beautiful engravings, first sketched on the field by Moses Griffiths, his travelling companion. Therefore, it is not surprising that Pennant's volume became the most significant literary reference for subsequent travel writers. His contemporary, Samuel Johnson praised him as a man who 'observes more things than any one else does', while his biographer, W. T. Parkins, considers this his 'best performance'.