Arkæologi efter periode og region

This book presents cutting-edge archaeological materials from Xinjiang, from the Bronze Age to the early Iron Age. Through a systematic topological study of major archaeological cemeteries and sites, it establishes chronologies and cultural sequences for three main regions in Xinjiang, namely the circum-Eastern Tianshan region, the circum-Dzungarian Basin region and the circum-Tarim Basin region. It also discusses the origins and local variants of prehistoric archaeological cultures in these regions and the mutual relationships between them and neighboring cultures.By doing so, the book offers a panoramic view of the socio-cultural changes that took place in prehistoric Xinjiang from pastoral-agricultural societies to the mobile nomadic-pastoralist states in the steppe regions and the agricultural states of the oasis, making it a must-read for researchers and general readers who are interested in the archaeology of Xinjiang.  

The present book takes up the long-debated subject of the presence of amber around the Adriatic during the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BC). It offers an exhaustive review of the current state of knowledge about the use of amber by prehistoric communities living on the opposite sides of the sea. The author focuses primarily on the spatial and chronological aspects of amber¿s acquisition in Italy and the Balkans, form and function of the artefacts made of it, issues connected to their processing and ways of circulation of these products within the study area. Furthermore, attention is paid to material and symbolic statuses of amber among the local societies. Finally, the role of the circum-Adriatic zone in the long-range transfer of amber from Northern to Southern Europe is assessed.

Der Band ist eine Biografie des ersten Lehrkanzelinhabers für Prähistorische Archäologie im deutschen Sprachraum. Nach einer längeren Zeit von Forschungen in Bosnien und der Herzegowina fand Hoernes eine Anstellung in der Prähistorischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums in Wien. Hier erst entschied er sich für urgeschichtliche Forschungen. Er habilitierte sich für das Fach 1892 und wurde bereits 1899 zum außerordentlichen Univ.-Professor an der Universität Wien ernannt. 1911 erfolgte dann seine Berufung als ordentlicher Univ.-Professor an dieser Universität. Hoernes verfasste einige bedeutende Übersichtswerke zur Urgeschichte in Europa, die noch heute Geltung haben, und zahlreiche Fachbeiträge.

The cultural and historical significance of the Laurion as well as its exceptional position as one of the major sources of silver, lead and other mineral resources in the eastern Mediterranean since the Early Bronze Age have repeatedly been invoked in numerous publications. In a field such as mining archaeology, scientific progress can only be achieved through interdisciplinary cooperation. With its abundant material remains, the Laurion offers particularly good research conditions for the collaboration between the natural sciences and the humanities. Based on funding by the German Research Foundation [DFG], an international conference on "Ari and the Laurion form Prehistoric to Modern Times" was held in Bochum in November 2019. Speakers form Europe and form Australia presented new research results on Laurion in 23 lectures. Eleven of these are published here, while other contributions are especially written for this volume. Topics address the history of exploration from prehistoric to modern times as well as the entire range of research activities in the Laurion, starting from geoscience and material sciences to history, field archaeology and archaeometallurgy.

This book explains how the walls of Liangzhu City were made from bedding stones and mud, with the total area of bedding stones covering roughly 290,000 square meters. Based on ongoing research and studies, the book tells the story of how these stones were collected from the surrounding mountains and how their mining and use required massive manpower and material resources, indicating what a tremendous undertaking the construction of Liangzhu City was. The book also shares insights into the process of discovering and researching the city wall, as well as the stoneware at the Liangzhu historical site complex.

This book mainly focuses on the roles of engraved symbols and ornamentation in Liangzhu culture. It categorizes the engraved symbols discovered in Liangzhu culture as means of ideographical expression and decoration, aspects that are explored in detail. Further, the engraved symbols and ornamentation are subdivided in terms of certain similarities, including the dragon and bird systems. A separate chapter is especially designed to help readers appreciate the typical paintings and symbols in selected objects and vessels. In this way, the book seeks to analyze and generate a particular formula so as to explore patterns in the thinking of Liangzhu's people, thus deciphering the spiritual code of the Liangzhu world.

Die Studie befasst sich mit einer bisher kaum beachteten Personengruppe aus der Zeit Amenhoteps III. (1390-1353 v.Chr.), die durch neuere Ausgrabungen im Tal der Könige und in der Thebanischen Nekropole ins Blickfeld rückt: Königstöchter und teils ausländische Frauen, die zusammen am Pharaonenhof lebten, mit dem Herrscher reisten, rituelle Aufgaben erfüllten und gemeinsam bestattet wurden. Sie bildeten eine Lebens-, Arbeits- und Kultgemeinschaft.

This volume explores the transformation of public space and administrative activities in Republican and Imperial Rome through an interdisciplinary examination of the topography of power.

Organized into four sections, this book covers: Theory and Historiography, Geography and Economy, Architecture and the Built Environment, and Daily Life and Material Culture.

This book examines this startling relationship between the image on the Shroud of Turin and the "Miracle of the Holy Fire." As this amazing relationship becomes more broadly known, the world will be shocked and inevitably changed.

This volume brings together the latest results and discussions from research carried out in the eastern Fertile Crescent, the so-called 'hilly flanks', and adjacent regions, as well as providing key historical perspectives on earlier fieldwork in the region.

This book investigates the epigraphic habit of the Eastern Mediterranean in antiquity, from the inception of alphabetic writing to the seventh c. CE, aiming to identify whether there was one universal epigraphic culture in this area or a number of discrete epigraphic cultures.Chapters examine epigraphic culture(s) through quantitative analysis of 32,062 inscriptions sampled from ten areas in the Eastern Mediterranean, from the Black Sea coast to Greece, western to central Asia Minor, Phoenicia to Egypt. They show that the shapes of the epigraphic curves are due to different factors occurring in different geographical areas and in various epochs, including the pre-Greek epigraphic habit, the moment of urbanization and Hellenization, and the organized Roman presence. Two epigraphic maxima are identified in the Eastern Mediterranean: in the third c. BCE and in the second c. CE. This book differs from previous studies of ancient epigraphic culture by taking into account all categories of inscriptions, not just epitaphs, and in investigating a much broader area over the broadly defined classical antiquity.This volume is a valuable resource for anyone working on ancient epigraphy, history or the cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean.

This book presents pioneering research on the Indian Ocean archipelago of the Maldives in the medieval period. Primarily archaeological, the book has an interdisciplinary slant, examining the material culture, history, and environment of the islands.

In recent decades, the vast and culturally diverse Indian Ocean region has increasingly attracted the attention of anthropologists, historians, political scientists, sociologists, and other researchers. Largely missing from this growing body of scholarship, however, are significant contributions by archaeologists and consciously interdisciplinary approaches to studying the region¿s past and present. Connecting Continents addresses two important issues: how best to promote collaborative research on the Indian Ocean world, and how to shape the research agenda for a region that has only recently begun to attract serious interest from historical archaeologists. The archaeologists, historians, and other scholars who have contributed to this volume tackle important topics such as the nature and dynamics of migration, colonization, and cultural syncretism that are central to understanding the human experience in the Indian Ocean basin. This groundbreaking work also deepens our understanding of topics of increasing scholarly and popular interest, such as the ways in which people construct and understand their heritage and can make use of exciting new technologies like DNA and environmental analysis. Because it adopts such an explicitly comparative approach to the Indian Ocean, Connecting Continents provides a compelling model for multidisciplinary approaches to studying other parts of the globe.Contributors: Richard B. Allen, Edward A. Alpers, Atholl Anderson, Nicole Boivin, Diego Calaon, Aaron Camens, Saša ¿aval, Geoffrey Clark, Alison Crowther, Corinne Forest, Simon Haberle, Diana Heise, Mark Horton, Paul Lane, Martin Mhando, and Alistair Patterson.

In this broad yet detailed account of one of the world's oldest, holiest, and most contested cities, leading expert Jodi Magness incorporates the most recent archaeological discoveries and original research to weave an authoritative history of Jerusalem's ancient and medieval periods.

This volume presents detailed results on the manufacturing technology and elemental composition of some 136 objects in the collections of six European museums, with discussion of the findings in historical and cultural contexts. The starting point was the remarkable jewelry buried with a woman and a child who lived about 1650-1550 BC at Qurna, the West Bank of ancient Thebes in Upper Egypt. The questions generated from this find led to investigation of assemblages and individual artifacts from earlier periods in varied social contexts, from the rural environment of Qau and Badari, to sites connected with urban or royal centers, such as Riqqa, Haraga and Lahun.

This volume provides the results of the application of non-destructive archaeological methods (geophysical prospection and systematic surface collections) to the study of the urban site. It includes a review of what was known of the town and a discussion of the development, potential and limitations of the kind of high-resolution, extensive ground-penetrating radar survey which was carried out. Special emphasis is placed on the earliest colonial phase as well as later transformations, and explores how the inhabitants of Interamna Lirenas responded to the challenges and opportunities presented by a growing Roman world.

"Introduces the workings and uses of Egyptian hieroglyphs, the various degrees of cultural knowledge of their makers and - most importantly - the influence hieroglyphs had on other scripts and notations in antiquity"--

""In ancient Egypt, a woman's primary role was that of mother, and as such she ensured her place within both her household and her community. And so, gods, doctor-magicians, as well as ghosts were all called upon to help the woman become pregnant. Pregnancy was not without risks, and the many tests, prescriptions, and spells that have survived to this day help us to understand obstetrics as it was practiced in those distant times. Once the woman had eluded the ill will of Seth-who was held responsible for miscarriages-and had reached her term, she was faced with the much awaited and yet also feared moment of birth. The successful delivery of a child into the world was seen as a gift of the gods, but it did not mean that the parent's worries were over. Indeed, it has been estimated that a third of all children did not reach the age of five years despite the combined efforts of parents and doctor-magicians to protect them. Amandine Marshall draws upon a wealth of sources, including texts, images, iconography, artefacts, and children's bodies themselves, as well as medicine, anthropology, and ethnography, to examine these issues and more, and in doing so sheds unprecedented light on the experience of maternity and early childhood in ancient Egypt.""--

Circular enclosures [Kreisgrabenanlagen] or rondels have raised the interest of archeologists for more than a century. During the past two decades they received intensified attention in the media and wider public as "solar observatories" or "calendrical monuments". After conferences at Goseck [2004] and Heldenberg [2005], the time was ripe for another workshop combining recent research with fresh ideas. This took place online in 2022 as part of the research project Constructed Knowledge of Free University Berlin. The present volume contains 21 out of 30 papers presented there. Topics include new hypotheses and research on rondels in general, an overview of the FUB research project, site studies based on excavation, survey, in situ pXRF, experimental reconstruction, and Bayesian modelling at places such as Velm, Hornsburg I, Eggendorf am Walde, Niederleis, Rechnitz, Schletz, Heldenberg [A], Hradec Králové [CZ], Goseck, Kyhna, Quedlinburg I, Ippesheim, Hopferstadt, and in North Rhine-Westphalia [D]. Additionally, there are studies on visual characteristics and orientation patterns of rondels, their aptitude as venues of processions, and on burial customs of the Western Lengyel Culture.

This volume is dedicated to the archaeologist and monument conservator Manfred Schneider and contains 2 forewords and 31 papers. These deal with the Scandinavian saint Olaf at Norwich, High Medieval timbers from Bremen, the Castle Hill at Lübeck, wooden rods in graves, painted earthenware with labels, the creation of building areas in Hamburg, dendrodates from Brunswick, the wooden church of Alt Lübeck, skin trade at Lemgo, the excavation Lübeck-Mengstraße LV, the cathedral at Münster, exotic goods from Stralsund and the communication of science at Lübeck. Other topics are an early profane stone building at Brandenburg, historical city landscapes, a gateau of 1942, Lübeck and the "Bristol Story", Luther's doctrine in private houses at Lüneburg, the infrastructure at Constance, the first shipwreck at Lübeck, the storehouse at Lübeck-Untertrave 98, the city archaeology of Ulm, the fruit farm Semiramis at Lübeck, a stone building on the River Trave, archaeology in the countryside around Lübeck, Medieval viticulture in Cologne, Wissembourg in Alsace, Medieval timber cellars at Deventer, the farmyard of St. Mary at Lemgo, Herford Abbey, and the rise of Visby.

The Zurich excavations in Spina [2008-2017] brought to light several settlement phases from the end of the 6th to the end of the 4th century B.C. The present volume is dedicated to the remains of the most recent phase, a house destroyed during a military conflict and its completely preserved inventory of the 4th century B.C. In addition to the evaluation of the architectural remains, the findings are also presented in their entirety, focusing on the so-called utilitarian pottery, which has hardly been considered in research to date. Based on the analysis of the findings, conclusions are drawn about the organisation of the household as well as the consumer behaviour and the social position of the inhabitants. In addition, the function, typological development, method of production, chronological development and origin of the ceramic findings are examined. The investigations in Spina, historically the most important trading centre on the Italian Adriatic coast, have added new data on the material and social network in the Mediterranean to the previously only sparsely documented 4th century B.C. in the Po Valley. Thanks to the excellent preservation conditions and the undisturbed features, the study makes an important contribution to the chronological classification and typological development of Etruscan pottery and the settlement system of this period.

An epic and highly readable investigation into our very earliest ancestors, focusing on the land corridor thorough which humans passed from Africa to Europe and the evidence left behind of their lives and deaths, struggles and beliefs.

Karthago florierte fast sieben Jahrhunderte als punische, weitere sieben Jahrhunderte als eine römische Metropole. In der Nachantike zerfiel es, seine Bauten wurden bis auf den Erdboden abgetragen. Schauplatz eines Kreuzzugs im 13. und eines europäischen Feldzugs im 16. Jahrhundert, wurde es nach 1800 Objekt archäologischer und imperialistischer Begehrlichkeiten. Sitz eines kolonialzeitlichen katholischen Erzbistums, entwickelte sich Karthago im 20. Jahrhundert zu einer kleinstädtischen Kommune, in der der tunesische Präsident seine Residenz hat. Verstärkt seit Beginn einer internationalen Grabungskampagne 1972 hat die Archäologie aus den reduzierten Überresten Merkmale der Stadtgestalt im zeitlichen Wandel herausgearbeitet. "Karthago" schreibt die archäologische Geschichte der Stadt und entfaltet mit Blick auf die großen stratigraphischen Herausforderungen zugleich eine karthagische Geschichte der Archäologie. Für die Fachöffentlichkeit bietet es eine kritische Zusammenschau auf Grundlage der neuesten Forschung, für interessierte Laien einen fundierten Einblick in die Geschichte einer antiken Metropole und die Potenziale moderner archäologischer Analyse.

"The Persian Gulf today is home to multiple cosmopolitan urban hubs of globalization. This did not start with the discovery of oil. This book tells of the Gulf from the rise of Islam until the coming of the Portuguese, when port cities such as Siraf, Sohar, and Hormuz were entrepots for trading pearls, horses, spices, and other products across much of Asia and eastern Africa. Indeed, products traded there became a key part of the material culture of medieval Islamic civilization, and the Gulf region itself was a crucial membrane between the Middle East and the world of the broader Indian Ocean. The book also highlights the long-term presence of communities of South Asian and African ancestry, as well as patterns of religious change among Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians, and Muslims that belie the image of a region long polarized between Arabs and Persians and Sunnis and Shi'ites." -- Back cover.

Age of Wolf and Wind provides a new introduction to the Viking Age that capitalizes on recent archaeological discoveries and breakthroughs in the application of analytical techniques from the natural sciences. Author Davide Zori, an interdisciplinary archaeologist with fieldwork experience across the Viking world, delves into key questions of the Viking Age, such as the motivations of Scandinavians to board open wooden ships to raid England and cross the North Atlantic in search of new worlds beyond Europe. Each chapter offers new conclusions about the Vikings--their views on death, their raiding tactics, their laving feasts, their forging of powerful medieval states--by juxtaposing evidence from written texts, archaeology, and new scientific analyses.