Videnskabens og teknologiens påvirkning af samfundet

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory is a landmark work that examines theory in general and the broad split between the "hard" and "soft" sciences, a split that is being re-examined as approaches to scientific questions become increasingly multidisciplinary.

When her twenty-five-year marriage suddenly falls apart, journalist Florence Williams expects the loss to hurt. But when she starts feeling physically sick, losing weight and sleep, she sets out in pursuit of rational explanation. She travels to the frontiers of the science of "social pain" to learn why heartbreak hurts so much-and why so much of the conventional wisdom about it is wrong.Soon Williams finds herself on a surprising path that leads her from neurogenomic research laboratories to trying MDMA in a Portland therapist's living room, from divorce workshops to the mountains and rivers that restore her. She tests her blood for genetic markers of grief, undergoes electrical shocks while looking at pictures of her ex, and discovers that our immune cells listen to loneliness. Searching for insight as well as personal strategies to game her way back to health, she seeks out new relationships and ventures into the wilderness in search of an extraordinary antidote: awe.With warmth, daring, wit, and candor, Williams offers a gripping account of grief and healing. Heartbreak is a remarkable merging of science and self-discovery that will change the way we think about loneliness, health, and what it means to fall in and out of love.

Virtual reality is genuine reality; that's the central thesis of Reality+. In a highly original work of "technophilosophy," David J. Chalmers gives a compelling analysis of our technological future. He argues that virtual worlds are not second-class worlds, and that we can live a meaningful life in virtual reality. We may even be in a virtual world already.Along the way, Chalmers conducts a grand tour of big ideas in philosophy and science. He uses virtual reality technology to offer a new perspective on long-established philosophical questions. How do we know that there's an external world? Is there a god? What is the nature of reality? What's the relation between mind and body? How can we lead a good life? All of these questions are illuminated or transformed by Chalmers' mind-bending analysis.Studded with illustrations that bring philosophical issues to life, Reality+ is a major statement that will shape discussion of philosophy, science, and technology for years to come.

From facial recognition-capable of checking us onto flights or identifying undocumented residents-to automated decision systems that inform everything from who gets loans to who receives bail, each of us moves through a world determined by data-empowered algorithms. But these technologies didn't just appear: they are part of a history that goes back centuries, from the birth of eugenics in Victorian Britain to the development of Google search.Expanding on the popular course they created at Columbia University, Chris Wiggins and Matthew Jones illuminate the ways in which data has long been used as a tool and a weapon in arguing for what is true, as well as a means of rearranging or defending power. By understanding the trajectory of data-where it has been and where it might yet go-Wiggins and Jones argue that we can understand how to bend it to ends that we collectively choose, with intentionality and purpose.

The relationship between psychology and Christian theology has been one of the most important topics in the science and religion fields. Discussions, however, are too frequently one-sided. This book takes an alternative approach: following the lead of Fraser Watts, the contributions develop various aspects of the mutual enrichment of each discipline by the other. Moving beyond outdated models of conflict and independence, this book highlights areas of fruitful enhancement at the interface of Christian belief and practice with psychology.Set out in four sections the book's chapters first engage methodological and substantive issues in the interdisciplinarity raised by the dialogue between psychology and theology. Second, chapters explore a variety of areas in which psychology enriches theology, looking at both historical and contemporary themes such as psychoanalysis, embodiment and mindfulness. Chapters in the third section explore some of the theological enrichments of psychology, with topics including character strengths, wisdom and forgiveness. The final section engages aspects of mutual enrichment in religious life and pastoral care with an applied focus on mental health, meditation, prayer, spiritual direction and spirituality.A refreshing alternative study of the mutual enrichment of psychology and theology with theoretical and practical applications, this book reinforces the need for both disciplines to pursue creative and constructive engagement with each other. Of interest to scholars in psychology, theology and religious studies this book will also be of interest more widely as a case study of successful interdisciplinary work.

"A concise overview of the ethical issues that are likely to emerge as robots become more social and more integrated into human life."--

Dieses Werk ist eine Untersuchung der philosophischen Grundlagen der Stoffwissenschaften und versteht sich gleichzeitig als eine Einführung in die Chemiephilosophie. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf der empirischen Praxis. Die Chemie mit ihrem Herstellungs- und Gestaltungscharakter sowie ihrer theoretischen und methodischen Pluralität erweist sich als eine ¿systematische Kunst" im Sinne von Immanuel Kant.

Involution- An Odyssey Reconciling Science to God.This book has been called '...a brilliant and profoundly erudite epic...a heroic intellectual tour de force...' (by David Lorimer, the Director of the Scientific and Medical Network) and both 'brave...and totally insightful (by Ervin Laszlo) but the book defies description; it breaks all the rules and is unlike any other. It is so comprehensive in its sweep, original in its writing, and its synthesis, that to isolate any aspect is to misrepresent all the others.Two companions, Reason and Soul, invite the reader to accompany them on a light-hearted poetic journey through the chronology of Western thought to uncover a bold hypothesis: that the evolution of science has been shaped by its gradual and accelerating recovery of memory (involution). That recovery has been led by the inspired maverick genius, moving backwards through time (usually called the past), but which has provided science's future at every moment of new creative thought. Scientific inspiration and its chronology mirrors evolution. This incremental excavation and transfer of memory to intellect implies the pre-human encoding (involution) of consciousness in the structure of matter, and the interconnected consciousness of all life. DNA is the likely encoding and mediating molecule, or resonant coherence of this information, through both time and space.The sweep of history is needed to expose this proposal and its evidence: It requires all the disciplines of science, all the epochs of thought: which only a poetic economy 'woven together with extraordinary subtlety' (Lorimer) could convey. Yet, paradoxically, through involution the collective journey has been lit by individuals, unique in their subjective contributions to the discipline that claims only 'objective' validated truth. The same pattern is mirrored in the congruent history of painting and musical composition. Genius differs only in the languages of expression. This book loosely weaves them all, using familiar material to arrive at an art, a science and divinity behind science.In nine swift Cantos the work travels through pre-human involution, the enfolding of consciousness in matter, and then early man's emergence on the Serengeti. Through the recorded civilizations of Greece, Rome, the Dark Ages, the Renaissance, into the Enlightenment and finally Modernism the success of science progressively obscures the internal story, the story of direct intuition, nous, experience, and the complement to Darwin that this collective involution provides.But there is more to it than merely science; for science is a language through which to follow a deeper journey, Mankind's collective journey inwards, to the nature of himself: which is why the scientific signposts are confined to end-notes to leave the poetic journey unencumbered. They take no scientific knowledge for granted: they are not essential to the poetic narrative but instead caulk the ship from which we view an alternative journey.By adding involution to evolution, mind and matter become two sides of a single coin, only perceived as distinct through the intellect's division from its deeper self, from consciousness, experience, and understanding. The co-creation of God and the universe is what this book restores and is about. It has been called a 'heroic tour de force, a brilliant and erudite epic...' but also 'clearly written and easy to read' It slaughters a few sacred cows, 'brave and a lot of fun.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich Sport - Medien und Kommunikation, Note: 1,0, Universität Augsburg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Hausarbeit befasst sich der Autor mit der digitalen Gesundheitskommunikation auf online Selbsthilfeforen. Hierbei werden die Nutzungsmotive dieser Selbsthilfeforen genauer beleuchtet, zu welchen die soziale Unterstützung sowie die Stressbewältigung zählen. Im Zuge dessen ergibt sich die folgende Forschungsfrage: "Inwiefern stellen online gesundheitsbezogene Selbsthilfegruppen eine soziale Unterstützung für die Forennutzenden dar und helfen bei der Stress- und Krankheitsbewältigung?"Auf Basis dieser Forschungsfrage ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die zentrale Rolle der online basierenden Selbsthilfeforen für die Gesundheitskommunikation herauszuarbeiten und dabei das Nutzungsmotiv der sozialen Unterstützung genauer zu beleuchten. In Verbindung damit soll zunächst eine kurze Einführung in das Forschungsfeld der Gesundheitskommunikation erfolgen, woran anknüpfend im Detail die Besonderheit der Foren mit deren Akteursgruppen und Foreninhalte sowie Nutzungsmotive analysiert werden. Im Anschluss folgt eine kurze Diskussion hinsichtlich der positiven sowie negativen Effekte der Hilfsforen. Die Relevanz dieser Arbeit zeigt sich auf zwei Ebenen. Zum einen stellt die Social-Media-Forschung einen schwer übersichtlichen sowie dynamisch und ständig erneuernden Bereich dar. Demnach steht die Forschung in Verbindung mit der gesundheitsbezogenen Kommunikation vor der stetigen Herausforderungen mit dem ständigen Wandel der online Kommunikationsprozesse mitzuhalten, wodurch jeder neue Beitrag hilfreich sein kann. Zum anderen sind einige Forschungen zu online Hilfsforen im Forschungsbereich der Gesundheitskommunikation zu finden, jedoch fokussieren sich diese meist nur auf einzelne Krankheitsforen (z.B. Depressionsforen oder Krebsforen). Zusätzlich sind diese Forschungen meist sehr fokussiert und beziehen sich nur auf einzelne Teilaspekte der sozialen Unterstützung und Situationsbewältigung. Demnach soll diese Arbeit einen umfassenden Überblick über alle online Selbsthilfeforen im Gesundheitsbereich geben und auf mögliche fehlende Forschungsbereiche hinweisen.

On the internet's transformation from communication tool to computational infrastructure.The internet is no more. If it still exists, it does so only as a residual technology, still effective in the present but less intelligible as such. After nearly two decades and a couple of financial crises, it has become the almost imperceptible background of today’s Corporate Platform Complex (CPC)—a pervasive planetary technological infrastructure that meshes communication with computation.In the essays collected in this book, written mostly between the mid-2000s and the late 2010s, Tiziana Terranova bears witness to this monstrous transformation. Mobilizing theories of cognitive capitalism, neo-monadology, and sympathetic cooperation, considering ideas such as the attention economy and its psychopathologies, and evoking the relation between algorithmic automation and the Common, she provides real-time takes on the mutations that have changed the technological, cultural, and economic ethos of the Internet. Mostly conceived, elaborated, and discussed in collective activist spaces, After the Internet is neither apocalyptic lamentation nor melancholic “rise and fall” story of betrayed great expectations. On the contrary, it looks within the folds of the recent past to unfold the potential futurities that the post-digital computational present still entails.

"An introduction and history to the analog as a technology and as a way of understanding the world as distinct from the digital"--

Do you pull out your phone at every idle moment? Do hours slip away as you mindlessly scroll? >Sadly technology which should be a wonderful boon to us has started to blight our lives. The average adult spends nearly ten hours a day looking at digital screens, leading to unprecedented levels of stress, isolation, procrastination and inertia. The fact is that digital dependence is an addiction and should be treated as such. Allen Carr's Easyway is a breath of fresh air when it comes to addiction treatment. Tried and tested as an incredibly successful stop-smoking method, its principles have since been applied to other addictions such as alcohol, gambling and caffeine with outstanding results. Here, for the first time, the Easyway method has been used to overcome digital addiction, and it really works! Smart Phone Dumb Phone rewires our relationship to technology. By unravelling the brainwashing process behind our addictive behavior, we are freed from dependence and can reassert control over our time and productivity. Including 20 practical steps to help you along your way, this wonderful guide will release you from the clutches of your smartphone and allow you to live in the moment. It truly is the easyway.

If a surgeon errs during an operation, the consequences-however dire-are limited to one or a few people. In contrast, an engineering failure usually causes multiple injuries and deaths, as well as destruction. Some examples: space shuttle Challenger explosion, car fires, gulf oil rig tragedy, amusement ride accidents, and plane crashes. These, and too many other engineering catastrophes, share one feature-employers responsible for the failures were exempt from requirements to put, in charge, competent and accountable licensed engineers (professional engineers, PEs) whose paramount responsibility was public protection. These industries, manufacturers, and utilities placed importance on the bottom line instead of safety. The problem is compounded by an inadequate 90-year old education model used by the American engineering licensing system. The education for those aspiring to be PEs should match 21st century scientific, technological, social, political, economic, and environmental conditions. This disparity puts the public at risk. How did this predicament happen? What can we do about it? The book answers those questions by explaining that academic and practicing engineers, in collaboration with public sector leaders, need to:Eliminate/markedly reduce the adverse effects of U.S. engineering licensure-exemption laws Broaden and deepen the education and experience required for PEs to be consistent with today's challenges and opportunities Engineering's Public-Protection Predicament offers numerous action ideas for interested individuals and organizations, within and outside of engineering, who want to take engineering up to the next level and, more specifically, improve public safety. The suggested actions will enable engineers, with assistance from others, to resolve American engineering's public-protection predicament. The book provides potential engineering students, and their parents and advisors, examples of engineering excellence and exemplars. It also: Describes multiple careers offered by earning an engineering degreeSuggests ways to choose an engineering collegeOffers advice on how to adopt a growth mindset and succeed as a student Every day across America, water supply systems supply, airplanes fly, chemical plants process, dams dam, generators generate, water treatment plants treat, carnival rides spin, wind turbines turn, refineries refine, pipelines pipe, nuclear reactors react, bridges cross, offshore oil wells pump, and satellites orbit. All of us have a stake in engineering. Engineering's Public-Protection Predicament will help concerned citizen stakeholders and potential engineers more fully understand engineering's successes and challenges. This book will also enable engineering educators and practitioners, along with licensing boards, engineering societies, and others to build on achievements and resolve engineering's public-protection predicament.

"A timely, compelling, and expertly researched passport to the tech companies that rule today's digital landscape."?Blake Harris, bestselling author of Console Wars and The History of the Future.In this provocative book about our new tech-based reality, political insider and tech expert Alexis Wichowski considers the unchecked rise of tech giants like Facebook, Google, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, and Tesla?what she calls ?net states?? and their unavoidable influence in our lives. Rivaling nation states in power and capital, today's net states are reaching into our physical world, inserting digital services into our lived environments in ways both unseen and, at times, unknown to us. They are transforming the way the world works, putting our rights up for grabs, from personal privacy to national security. Combining original reporting and insights drawn from more than 100 interviews with technology and government insiders, including Microsoft president Brad Smith, Google CEO Eric Schmidt, the former Federal Trade Commission chair under President Obama, and the managing director of Jigsaw?Google's Department of Counter-terrorism against extremism and cyber-attacks?The Information Trade explores what happens we give up our personal freedom and individual autonomy in exchange for an easy, plugged-in existence, and shows what we can do to control our relationship with net states before they irreversibly change our future.

The internet is changing the way knowledge is made and understood. It is a change from making knowledge via face-to-face interaction to making knowledge via remote interaction. The authors of this book believe that this change, if left unchecked, could be disastrous for the long-term future of pluralist democracy and the very idea of truth itself. The book explains what the change is, why it is so dangerous, and what needs to be done to stop it.That such dangers are real is made clear by recent events, which include the storming of the US Capitol in January 2020 by rioters unwilling to believe the election result, and the many similar 'controversies' around the Covid-19 pandemic.The argument is built in three stages, starting with the fundamental role of face-to-face interaction. The key element of this first section is a classification of the different features of face-to-face interaction. This combines extensive research in the sociology of science with insights from other fields, to identify the ways in which face-to-face interactions enable the formation of societies. That starts with primary socialisation, through which we learn the objects that make up our reality, and extends into secondary socialisation and other forms of learning. In all cases, trust in others, grounded in face-to-face interaction, is crucial, with science providing both the exemplary institution of knowledge production and the hard case upon which the irreducible need for face-to-face interaction is established.The authors then examine the development of remote communication and provide a systematic analysis of its strengths and weaknesses. This comparative element is important: face-to-face communication is not always good and remote communication is not always bad. Indeed, much of modern society would be impossible without remote communication. There is, however, a limit to how far face-to-face interaction can be replaced. This is illustrated with case studies, drawing on the wide experience of the authors, that examine what happens in settings where remote communication might seem to be preferable, and showing that, despite its apparent advantages, it cannot reproduce all the functions of face-to-face interaction.The third and final stage of the argument applies this analysis to the problems facing democratic societies. The authors show that social media enables users to create an 'illusion of intimacy' and to deploy remote communication to promote misinformation and distrust on an industrial scale. These developments are linked to the rise of populism, and the risk it poses to more pluralist forms of democracy characterised by institutional checks and balances. Drawing on the virtues of face-to-face communication, the authors argue that the 'conservation of democracy' depends on citizens understanding the long-term consequences of an over-reliance on remote communication. They conclude, therefore, by returning to the themes set out at the start of the book, namely the crucial role played by trust in modern societies and the importance of face-to-face interactions in reproducing that trust, and the democratic institutions in which it should be invested. All this should be part of the civic education of the future and is of immediate importance to politicians and social and political scientists among others.

The interest in what can be considered 'posthumanism' has surged over the past few years. There is no surprise as to why, given the urgency and immanence of a likely sixth mass extinction event, and the catastrophic consequences of global warming. These processes, all of which fundamentally rest on the foundations of human practices and abuses, are forcing us to rethink our place in existence.The foundations of this position have a history firmly rooted in the daily practices and beliefs of Western cultures. The Contemporary Posthuman confronts these assumptions of truth, head-on. The author follows his conceptual journey with practical steps for putting his philosophy into practice, by drawing on philosophy, design, art, and architecture.

Suppose that you prefer A to B, B to C, and C to A. Your preferences violate Expected Utility Theory by being cyclic. Money-pump arguments offer a way to show that such violations are irrational. Suppose that you start with A. Then you should be willing to trade A for C and then C for B. But then, once you have B, you are offered a trade back to A for a small cost. Since you prefer A to B, you pay the small sum to trade from B to A. But now you have been turned into a money pump. You are back to the alternative you started with but with less money. This Element shows how each of the axioms of Expected Utility Theory can be defended by money-pump arguments of this kind. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

A WALL STREET JOURNAL, WASHINGTON POST, AND FINANCIAL TIMES BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR*Now with a new foreword on ChatGPT*_____________How will artificial intelligence change our world within twenty years?AI will be the defining development of the twenty-first century. Within two decades, aspects of daily human life will be unrecognizable. AI will generate unprecedented wealth, revolutionize medicine and education through human-machine symbiosis, and create brand new forms of communication and entertainment. However, AI will also challenge the organizing principles of our economic and social order and bring new risks in the form of autonomous weapons and smart technology that inherits human bias. AI is at a tipping point, and people need to wake up-both to AI's radiant pathways and its existential perils for life as we know it.In this provocative, utterly original work of "scientific fiction," Kai-Fu Lee, the former president of Google China and bestselling author of AI Superpowers, joins forces with celebrated novelist Chen Qiufan to imagine our AI world in 2041 in ten gripping short stories.Gazing toward a not-so-distant horizon, AI 2041 offers urgent insights into our collective future and reminds us that we are the authors of our own destiny.

Featuring a new Foreword by former Vice President Al GoreFinalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize"Important and timely. We ignore this message at our peril."-Elizabeth KolbertMerchants of Doubt has been praised-and attacked-around the world, for reasons easy to understand. This book tells, with "brutal clarity" (Huffington Post), the disquieting story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. The same individuals who claim the science of global warming is "not settled" have also denied the truth about studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Merchants of Doubt rolls back the rug on this dark corner of American science. Now with a new Foreword by former Vice President Al Gore, and with a new Postscript by the authors.

As the focus of the family has turned to the glow of the screen?children constantly texting their friends or going online to do homework; parents working online around the clock?everyday life is undergoing a massive transformation. Easy access to the Internet and social media has erased the boundaries that protect children from damaging exposure to excessive marketing and the unsavory aspects of adult culture. Parents often feel they are losing a meaningful connection with their children. Children are feeling lonely and alienated. The digital world is here to stay, but what are families losing with technology's gain?As renowned clinical psychologist Catherine Steiner-Adair explains, families are in crisis as they face this issue, and even more so than they realize. Not only do chronic tech distractions have deep and lasting effects but children also desperately need parents to provide what tech cannot: close, significant interactions with the adults in their lives. Drawing on real-life stories from her clinical work with children and parents and her consulting work with educators and experts across the country, Steiner-Adair offers insights and advice that can help parents achieve greater understanding, authority, and confidence as they engage with the tech revolution unfolding in their living rooms.

The dealer sits in her darkened room. Some may not realise she is playing nor that they are in the game. An omnibus edition of The Watcher, Pulse and Rage. Experience the birth of the universe, through to modern times. Realise that the last 13.8 billion years may be the end for earth. Then a mad kleptocrat starts a war.

A thrilling investigation into the secret world of facial recognition technology from an award-winning journalist

New York Times bestselling author Dan Ariely teams up with legendary New Yorker cartoonist William Haefeli to present an expanded, illustrated anthology of his immensely popular Wall Street Journal advice column, "Ask Ariely."Social scientist Dan Ariely revolutionized the way we think about ourselves, our minds, and our actions in his books Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The (Honest) Truth About Dishonesty. Ariely applies this scientific analysis of the human condition in his "Ask Ariely" Q&A column in the Wall Street Journal, in which he responds to readers who write in with personal conundrums, ranging from the serious to the curious. What can you do to stay calm when you're playing the volatile stock market? What's the best way to get someone to stop smoking? How can you maximize the return on your investment at an all-you-can-eat buffet? Is it possible to put a price on the human soul? Can you ever rationally justify spending thousands of dollars on a Rolex?With their trademark insight and wit, Ariely and Haefeli help us reflect on how we can reason our way through external and internal challenges. Readers will laugh, learn, and, most important, gain a new perspective on how to deal with the inevitable problems that plague daily life.