Videnskabens og teknologiens påvirkning af samfundet

This book will not take the casual reader to the cutting edge of research. Nor is it meant to. What I am after in Black Mischief is the moment in which various lines in an intellectual field of force collect themselves into a kind of dense knot....A number of otherwise sympathetic reviewers have suggested that my real aim in Black Mischief was somehow to show the persistence of certain outmoded Newtonian forms of thought in economics, or psychology, or biology, or wherever. Not so. My intention has been to explore a tangle of connected concepts.Black Mischief is the cogent and absorbing story, of an unusually fertile period in contemporary, science. Irreverent, witty, skeptical, and always informative, it is an anecdotal potpourri of scientific thought and the people who shaped it. Berlinski takes a protean look at the science establishment -- as well as the personalities behind the scenes -- in such fields as behavioral psychology, linguistics, and economics, and in so doing enlightens and entertains us beyond measure.

Traces the development of thought through historical movements and periods from 1500 to 1830.

Es ist das erklärte Ziel des Transhumanismus, dass sich der ,neue' Mensch aus seiner Abhängigkeit von der Natur befreie und sich ganz selbst bestimme. Tatsächlich scheint die Substitution einer natürlichen darwinischen durch eine künstliche technologische Evolution nicht mehr ganz abwegig. In den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten gab es tiefgreifende Entwicklungen in den Bio-, Lebens- und Neurowissenschaften, der Informationstechnologie sowie der molekularen Nanotechnologie. Künstliche Intelligenzen, die auf neuronalen und rekursiven Netzwerken aufbauen, sind in der Lage, eigenständig zu lernen und sich an ihre Umwelt anzupassen. Selbstfahrende Autos oder Humanoide Roboter sind in einer fortgeschrittenen Entwicklungsphase. Neue molekularbiologische Verfahren des ,Genome Editings' erlauben gezielte Modifikationen des menschlichen Erbguts. Insbesondere durch die Kombination von KI-Hardware und biologischer ,Wetware' ergeben sich ungeahnte Möglichkeiten zu einer qualitativen Veränderung des homo sapiens. CRISPR/Cas9 oder Chipimplantate werden nicht allein zu Heilzwecken eingesetzt werden, sondern zur Optimierung und ,Enhancement' des ,alten' Menschen. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes können sowohl dem Transhumanismus, dem kritischen Posthumanismus als auch einem Technik- oder Biopragmatismus zugeordnet werden. Die Bandbreite der fachlichen Orientierung spiegelt die Vielfalt der Aspekte und Dimensionen wider, die mit den Themen Biotechnologie, Leistungsoptimierung und Künstliche Intelligenz verknüpft sind. Es werden moralische, technische und rechtliche Konsequenzen beschrieben, es wird aber auch auf Wege hingewiesen, auf denen - mit den neuen Technologien - ein gelingendes und gutes Leben rechtlich und moralisch beschritten werden kann.

Winner of the 2015 FT & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award A New York Times Bestseller Top Business Book of 2015 at Forbes One of NBCNews.com 12 Notable Science and Technology Books of 2015What are the jobs of the future? How many will there be? And who will have them? As technology continues to accelerate and machines begin taking care of themselves, fewer people will be necessary. Artificial intelligence is already well on its way to making good jobs" obsolete: many paralegals, journalists, office workers, and even computer programmers are poised to be replaced by robots and smart software. As progress continues, blue and white collar jobs alike will evaporate, squeezing working- and middle-class families ever further. At the same time, households are under assault from exploding costs, especially from the two major industries,education and health care,that, so far, have not been transformed by information technology. The result could well be massive unemployment and inequality as well as the implosion of the consumer economy itself. The past solutions to technological disruption, especially more training and education, aren't going to work. We must decide, now, whether the future will see broad-based prosperity or catastrophic levels of inequality and economic insecurity. Rise of the Robots is essential reading to understand what accelerating technology means for our economic prospects,not to mention those of our children,as well as for society as a whole.

From the New York Times-bestselling author of Where Good Ideas Come From and Unexpected Life, a new look at the power and legacy of great ideas.In this illustrated history, Steven Johnson explores the history of innovation over centuries, tracing facets of modern life (refrigeration, clocks, and eyeglass lenses, to name a few) from their creation by hobbyists, amateurs, and entrepreneurs to their unintended historical consequences. Filled with surprising stories of accidental genius and brilliant mistakes-from the French publisher who invented the phonograph before Edison but forgot to include playback, to the Hollywood movie star who helped invent the technology behind Wi-Fi and Bluetooth-How We Got to Now investigates the secret history behind the everyday objects of contemporary life. In his trademark style, Johnson examines unexpected connections between seemingly unrelated fields: how the invention of air-conditioning enabled the largest migration of human beings in the history of the species-to cities such as Dubai or Phoenix, which would otherwise be virtually uninhabitable; how pendulum clocks helped trigger the industrial revolution; and how clean water made it possible to manufacture computer chips. Accompanied by a major six-part television series on PBS, How We Got to Now is the story of collaborative networks building the modern world, written in the provocative, informative, and engaging style that has earned Johnson fans around the globe.

The astounding "New York Times" bestseller--updated with an explanation of the Higgs Boson and its implications--offers new answers to the most basic philosophical questions. With wry humor and wonderfully clear explanations, Krauss goes back to the beginning of the beginning.

Moderne ideer gør topforskeres viden tilgængelig for læserne på ganske få sider: I denne 19. Moderne Idé giver professor Peter Lauritsen et bud på, hvordan vi skal forholde os til den stigende overvågning i samfundet.Med halvanden million overvågningskameraer i Danmark, nye teknologier som ansigts- og stemmegenkendelse og ikke mindst techgiganternes indflydelse på det almindelige menneskes hverdag er der ingen tvivl: Vi får mere og mere overvågning, og den bliver mere og mere sofistikeret.I dag diskuteres overvågning under høje brag mellem fløje præget af naiv optimisme eller overdreven pessimisme – men, påpeger Peter Lauritsen, vi har brug for et mere nuanceret begreb om overvågning, hvis vi skal kunne gennemskue den og handle kvalificeret i forhold til den.Selv om man ikke kan sige, at overvågning per definition er negativ og farlig, så er udviklingen samfundsforandrende, og vi bliver nødt til at tage ansvar for den. Det kræver en dannelse, som ikke kun er optaget af gulnede bøger, men aktivt forholder sig til teknologi og magt.I Hvordan får vi et bedre overvågningssamfund? nuancerer Peter Lauritsen, hvad overvågning er, hvordan den fungerer, hvorfor den er skrøbelig og ikke mindst, hvad den kan bruges til - og bidrager dermed med et afgørende element i den danske overvågningsdebat.Hvordan får vi et bedre overvågningssamfund er den 19. bog i Informations Forlags serie, Moderne Ideer, om vor tids store udfordringer – klima, krig, ulighed, migration, terrorisme, overvågning, medborgerskab, uddannelse og data med mere. Serien har solgt i over 27.000 eksemplarer.Peter Lauritsen (f. 1969) er professor MSO i overvågning ved Institut for Informations- og Medievidenskab på Aarhus Universitet. Han er tidligere udkommet på Informations Forlag med titlen Big Brother (2011).

Tre nye essays af de internationalt anerkendte humanister Onora O'Neill, Stefan Collini og Rens Bod viser en anden side af humaniora, som dels er uadskillelig fra andre videnskaber, dels viser sig at have været selve forudsætningen for en del af vor tids mest avancerede teknologi. Opfordringen er klar fra bogens danske redaktør, professor Anders Engberg-Pedersen: "We need a better account of what the humanities are."INDHOLDIntroduction:The Humanities in the WorldAnders Engberg-Pedersen, Mikkel Bille og Karen Gram-SkjoldagerOn Not 'justifying' the HumanitiesStefan ColliniThe Humanities beyond InterpretationOnora O'NeillHow the Humanities have Changed the WorldRens Bod

The late 70s saw many doom-laden predictions of those effects but by 1983 both management and trade unions were taking a more objective view of the social and economic impacts, and many correspondents now see the new technology as a means of opening up new industries and overcoming the effects of world recessions.