Klassisk mekanik

One of the main unanswered question of modern Physics is "How does gravity behave at small scales?". The aim of this thesis is to illustrate in a comprehensive but accessible way how to look for deviations from Einstein's theory of General Relativity in this regime, looking at the simplest celestial bodies: static and spherically symmetric ones.With a conservative and bottom-up approach, at smaller scales the first corrections to the action of General Relativity are generally considered to be terms quadratic in the curvature tensors; while these modifications do not cure the inconsistency between gravity and quantum mechanics, the solutions of this theory are plausible candidates to be the first-order corrections of the classical ones.Even with such simple modifications, a striking picture emerges from the study of isolated objects: the unique Schwarzschild solution of General Relativity is only a rare bird in the set of solutions, with non-Schwarzschild black holes, wormholes and naked singularities appearing as possible substitutes.Tailored to graduate students and researchers entering this field, this thesis shows how to construct these new solutions from action principles, how to characterize their metric, how to study their physical properties, such as their stability or Thermodynamics, and how to look for phenomenological signatures.

Explore the harmonies of society with 'Psychoacoustic Sociology' by Dean Aamond, Ph.D. Unveil the intricate interplay of sound, culture, technology, and politics, transcending traditional disciplines to reveal the societal symphony through a psychoacoustic lens.

The book is devoted to the retirement of Prof. Wilfried Becker¿a liber amicorum for a well-known specialist in the field of structural mechanics. Many excellent scientists from institutions around the world wrote their scientific chapters, stressing the Becker¿s influence to structural mechanics. Thus, this collection discusses a lot of important problems and applications of mechanics.

This textbook presents the classical topics of conduction heat transfer and extends the coverage to include chapters on perturbation methods, heat transfer in living tissue, numerical solutions using MATLAB®, and microscale conduction. This makes the book unique among the many published textbooks on conduction heat transfer. Other noteworthy features of the book are: The material is organized to provide students with the tools to model, analyze, and solve a wide range of engineering applications involving conduction heat transfer.Mathematical techniques and numerical solvers are explained in a clear and simplified fashion to be used as instruments in obtaining solutions.The simplicity of one-dimensional conduction is used to drill students in the role of boundary conditions and to explore a variety of physical conditions that are of practical interest.Examples are carefully selected to illustrate the application of principles andconstruction of solutions.Students are trained to follow a systematic problem-solving methodology with emphasis on thought process, logic, reasoning, and verification. Solutions to all examples and end-of-chapter problems follow an orderly problem-solving approach.An extensive solution manual for verifiable course instructors can be provided on request. Please send your request to heattextbook@gmail.com

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool that enables engineers and scientists to simulate fluid flows in a variety of applications, including thermal engineering, biomedical engineering, and environmental modeling. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to CFD, encompassing fundamental theory, mathematical and numerical techniques, and practical applications. The book begins by systematically introducing the basic concepts and terminology of CFD, such as the continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equations, energy equation, source/sink terms, and types of grids. The mathematical and numerical methods utilized to solve the CFD governing equations, including the finite difference method and the finite volume method, are then described in a beginner-friendly manner, accompanied by vivid and straightforward graphical illustrations. In addition to covering the foundation of CFD theory, the book presents several practical applications of CFD in diverse fields such as biomedical modeling, renewable energy, and thermal engineering. To extract useful information, the simulated CFD results need to be analyzed and visualized. Therefore, the book demonstrates common post-processing and visualization techniques, such as contour plots, streamlines, vectors, and charts. Overall, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to CFD, encompassing the essential theory, methods, and applications, making it an ideal choice as a textbook for graduate and post-graduate students or a reference for researchers and engineers working on CFD simulations.

A Different Energy stands as a testament to the enduring wisdom and strength of Caribbean women. It sounds a call for a more diverse, inclusive and equitable development of one of the world's most male-dominated domains: the oil and gas industry.Over the last decade, as global energy has become hyper-focused on the Southern Caribbean, the role and opinions of local women have too often been overlooked. In this compelling, first-of-its-kind book, award-winning lawyer-turned-writer Celeste Mohammed remedies that omission.In powerful, eye-opening portraits of eight Trini, Surinamese and Guyanese women who are employed in the Caribbean oil and gas industry, Mohammed uses a range of styles to keep the gender conversation refreshingly candid, often humorous, and always thought-provoking.With a voice both earnest and confiding, intellectual and intimate, this book's commentary and analysis extract from the women's stories lessons for any woman seeking to defy odds, shatter stereotypes, and forge paths in a business culture which underestimates her.

Tackling energy inverter ponders includes utilizing the abilities of cutting edge energy inverter innovations to change and upgrade energy use. Energy inverters assume a critical part in the cutting edge energy scene, working with the change of electrical energy between various structures and making it conceivable to coordinate environmentally friendly power sources into existing power frameworks flawlessly.One of the vital marvels of energy inverters lies in their capacity to change over direct current (DC) into rotating current (AC) as well as the other way around. This change is fundamental for different applications, particularly in sustainable power frameworks where sunlight based chargers and wind turbines produce DC power. Energy inverters empower the reconciliation of this sustainable power into the ordinary AC network, guaranteeing a smooth and productive progression of power.Sustainable power frameworks, for example, sun oriented photovoltaic (PV) establishments, frequently experience changes in energy creation because of atmospheric conditions. Energy inverters address this test by giving matrix solidness through advancements like Most extreme Power Point Following (MPPT). MPPT advances the energy reaping from sunlight powered chargers by changing the electrical working point to extricate the most extreme power accessible, much under shifting daylight conditions. Moreover, energy inverters add to matrix flexibility by supporting functionalities like islanding. In case of a matrix blackout, certain high level inverters can detach from the network and keep on driving nearby loads, framing a microgrid. This ability is especially significant for upgrading the unwavering quality and versatility of energy frameworks, guaranteeing persistent power supply in basic circumstances.The marvels of energy inverters additionally reach out to the domain of energy stockpiling. Related to batteries, inverters empower the productive stockpiling and recovery of power, adding to the developing significance of energy stockpiling arrangements. This is especially important in dealing with the discontinuous idea of environmentally friendly power sources, permitting overabundance energy created during busy times to be put away for use during times of low energy creation. Shrewd network combination is one more exceptional part of saddling energy inverter ponders. High level inverters furnished with correspondence abilities can effectively take part in framework the executives. They can give continuous information, answer network signals, and even add to lattice solidness through functionalities like responsive power control. This association improves the general productivity and dependability of the power lattice.

This concise book reviews methods used for gluing space-time manifolds together. It is therefore relevant to theorists working on branes, walls, domain walls, concepts frequently used in theoretical cosmology, astrophysics, and gravity theory. Nowadays, applications are also in theoretical condensed matter physics where Riemannian geometry appears. The book also reviews the history of matching conditions between two space-time manifolds from the early times of general relativity up to now.

Classical mechanics is the basis for any university-level study of technical-scientific disciplines. But most existing manuals use a technological and engineering approach, with basic aspects sometimes insufficiently highlighted. This book introduces the concepts and applications of classical mechanics into Newtonian formalism. Newtonian dynamics is useful for solving applied physics and engineering problems, but also a fascinating theory anchored in questions posed since the times of the Greek philosophers, regarding space, the flow of time, measurable physical quantities, the physical principles with the mathematical structure needed to describe the Universe, etc. The author aims to encourage students to think about these fundamental aspects and how they will be addressed in modern physics, including the successes and limitations of Newton's mechanics. The book is designed to mirror the progress of the students using it, with earlier chapters assuming nomore than basic high school instruction and later ones geared toward subsequent enhanced understanding. The book is designed for students of undergraduate programs in physics, mathematics, chemistry, and engineering who will deal with modern physics, as they will benefit from an approach in which the aspects of classical mechanics are introduced in a propaedeutic approach towards relativistic physics and quantum mechanics.

This book serves as an introduction to boundary plasma physics, providing an accessible entry point to the topic of plasma exhaust in magnetic confinement devices. While it delivers a concise, rigorous, and comprehensive account of all the major scientific topics relevant to those working on the subject, it also remains accessible and easy to consult due to its modular and compact structure. Beginning with the basic kinetic and fluid descriptions of plasma, and advancing through plasma-surface interactions, filamentary transport and plasma detachment, to conclude with a discussion of divertor configurations, this book represents a necessary and timely addition to the literature on the fast-growing field of boundary plasma physics. It will appeal to experienced theoreticians or experimentalists looking to enter the field as well as graduate students wishing to learn about it.

This book provides an introduction to classical celestial mechanics. It is based on lectures delivered by the authors over many years at both Padua University (MC) and V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (EB). The book aims to provide a mathematical description of the gravitational interaction of celestial bodies. The approach to the problem is purely formal. It allows the authors to write equations of motion and solve them to the greatest degree possible, either exactly or by approximate techniques, when there is no other way. The results obtained provide predictions that can be compared with the observations. Five chapters are supplemented by appendices that review certain mathematical tools, deepen some questions (so as not to interrupt the logic of the mainframe with heavy technicalities), give some examples, and provide an overview of special functions useful here, as well as in many other fields of physics. The authors also present the original investigation of torus potential. This book is aimed at senior undergraduate students of physics or astrophysics, as well as graduate students undertaking a master's degree or Ph.D.

This book offers a current image of modern mechanics. The book reflects current state of the art in the field of continuum mechanics and mechanics of structures including recent achievements in classic and non-classic approaches. The chapters are written by leading specialist in the field, so the book collects cutting edge investigations in the field. As a target we consider the society starting from beginners, i.e. master and PhD students, and also leaders in the field, that is professors of universities and civil, mechanical and aerospace engineers.

This book is devoted to the study of topical issues of the simultaneous interaction of various types of stress concentrators with massive homogeneous and composite deformable bodies. A wide class of new contact and mixed problems is considered, and their closed or effective solutions are constructed. The features of the dynamic mutual influence of various stress concentrators in some problems of forced vibrations of composite massive bodies are also studied.

How will the world produce more, cleaner energy? Climate communications expert Richard Black sets out a vision for the future which could benefit us all.Coal, oil and gas provide four-fifths of the energy that powers our modern world. But continuing to burn them will mean wrecking the only planet we have. Is there a way out?In The Future of Energy, journalist and analyst Richard Black argues that there is, and that the transition to a clean energy world is already underway. He shows that with just five key technologies we can replace the burning of fossil fuels almost entirely, as quickly as society decides.Doing so will do much more than halt climate change. The transition will bring cheaper energy, cleaner air, and more jobs. It will remove some of the factors behind oppression, injustice, and conflict. And it is supported by an overwhelming majority of the world’s population. This may not be the story of energy that you hear most about from politicians, business leaders and journalists, but it is the one that matters.

This volume examines current research in mechanics and its applications to various disciplines, with a particular focus on fluid-structure interaction (FSI). The topics have been chosen in commemoration of Dr. Bong Jae Chung and with respect to his wide range of research interests. This volume stands apart because of this diversity of interests, featuring an interdisciplinary and in-depth analysis of FSI that is difficult to find conveniently collected elsewhere in the literature. Contributors include mathematicians, physicists, mechanical and biomechanical engineers, and psychologists. This volume is structured into four thematic areas in order to increase its accessibility: theory, computations, experiments, and applications. Recent Advances in Mechanics and Fluid-Structure Interaction with Applications will appeal to established researchers as well as postdocs and graduate students interested in this active area of research.

Transport and diffusion processes are central in numerous scientific and technical applications. Prominent examples are the temperature distribution in continuous media, the flow of liquids or gases, the dynamics of reaction-diffusion systems, or the concentration distributions in mixtures. The theoretical and numerical description of these systems is based on partial differential equations. The theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics provides a frame to derive these equations from basic conservation laws and first principles. The first part of the textbook discusses the concept of equilibrium thermodynamics and its generalization to systems in local equilibrium. Thermodynamic fluxes are defined and caused by generalized forces. Finally, linear relations, the Onsager relations, between fluxes and forces allow for a closed description. In this way, conservation equations for mass (continuity), momentum (Euler or Navier-Stokes), and energy (temperature) are derived and solved analytically or numerically for several examples. The second part is based on the kinetic gas theory describing a classical many particle system. At the example of a perfect gas the conservation equations derived phenomenologically in the first part are thereby put on statistical grounds. The textbook addresses advanced Bachelor or Master students of physics, mechanical engineering and applied mathematics.

Written by experts from around the world, this book presents a comprehensive overview of slurry technology. The editor is grounded in the science of dilute concentrations of coarse particles in horizontal ducts, including settling distributions, critical deposition, swirling flow, and the two-layer model. This volume includes ten chapters that address such topics as process modelling, measurement (including non-Newtonian rheology), high-concentration conveying, vertical transport of fine-particle slurries, rheometry of sludges, pipe wear, and wastewater applications. There is also a chapter on an application at the fringe of our subject: fluidisation.

The book "Hybrid Nanostructured Electrodes For Smart Electronics" is a comprehensive guide to the latest developments in the field of smart electronics, with a specific focus on hybrid nanostructured electrodes. This book covers a wide range of topics related to energy storage, energy conversion, and nanoelectronics. The book cover into various types of energy storage devices, such as electrochemical capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, and discusses the different types of nanomaterials used as electrode materials, including conducting polymers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metal oxides. It also explores the field of energy conversion, covering solar cells, including dye-sensitized, perovskite, quantum dot, and organic solar cells. The book also includes the latest developments in nanoelectronics, field-effect transistors, biosensors, gas sensors, flexible electronics, wearable electronics, and the Internet of Things. The book emphasizes the importance of biocompatibility and biomimicry in the design of smart electronic devices. The book further discusses various surface functionalization techniques, such as electrospinning, electrodeposition, sol-gel method, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, electrochemical deposition, hydrothermal synthesis, microwave irradiation, photolithography, spin coating, inkjet printing, screen printing, microfabrication, and microfluidics. Lastly, the book explores energy harvesting, including thermoelectric generators, piezoelectric materials, triboelectric materials, and electrochromic materials. Overall, the book is a must-read for researchers and professionals in the field of smart electronics, as well as students who want to gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject.

This thesis makes significant advances in the use of microspheres in optical traps as highly precise sensing platforms. While optically trapped microspheres have recently proven their dominance in aqueous and vacuum environments, achieving state-of-the-art measurements of miniscule forces and torques, their sensitivity to perturbations in air has remained relatively unexplored. This thesis shows that, by uniquely operating in air and measuring its thermally-fluctuating instantaneous velocity, an optically trapped microsphere is an ultra-sensitive probe of both mass and sound. The mass of the microsphere is determined with similar accuracy to competitive methods but in a fraction of the measurement time and all while maintaining thermal equilibrium, unlike alternative methods. As an acoustic transducer, the air-based microsphere is uniquely sensitive to the velocity of sound, as opposed to the pressure measured by a traditional microphone. By comparison to state-of-the-art commercially-available velocity and pressure sensors, including the world¿s smallest measurement microphone, the microsphere sensing modality is shown to be both accurate and to have superior sensitivity at high frequencies. Applications for such high-frequency acoustic sensing include dosage monitoring in proton therapy for cancer and event discrimination in bubble chamber searches for dark matter. In addition to reporting these scientific results, the thesis is pedagogically organized to present the relevant history, theory, and technology in a straightforward way.

This book addresses research challenges in the rapidly developing area of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and fluctuation kinetics. This cross-disciplinary field comprises various topics, ranging from fundamental problems of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and thermodynamics to multiple applications in plasma, fluid mechanics, nonlinear science, systems of dissipative particles, and high-Q resonators. The purpose of this book is to bring together world-leading experts in the above fields to initiate a cross-fertilization among these active research areas. The book is dedicated to and honours the memory of Professor Slava Belyi who passed away unexpectedly on May 20, 2020. He was pioneering the theory of nonequilibrium fluctuations, in particular the application of the Callen-Welton fluctuation-dissipation theorem to nonequilibrium systems and its generalization. This and related problems also feature in the book.