Materialer / stoffaser

The Handbook of Natural Polymers Volume Three : Versatile Applications explores advanced and emerging applications of polymers from natural sources. The book introduces the state-of-the-art, along with opportunities in natural polymers with advanced applications before presenting coverage of natural polymers applied to specific cutting-edge applications. Areas covered include biosensing, drug carriers, cosmetics, tissue engineering, textiles, adhesives and coatings, food, super adsorbents, automotive and construction, 3D printing, paper, nanoelectronics, energy storage, military, smart devices, water purification, dentistry, agriculture, and packaging. In each case, a methodical approach enables readers to understand natural polymer sources, preparation, properties, appropriate applications, emerging materials and new avenues. The final two chapters consider end-of-life themes, including environmental remediation of natural polymers and their transformation to biofuels. As part of a Three-volume handbook offering comprehensive coverage of natural polymers, this book will be of interest to all those looking to gain a broad knowledge of natural polymers, including academic researchers, scientists, advanced students, engineers and R&D professionals from a range of disciplines and industries.

This book provides a deep insight into recent achievements in synthesis, investigation, and applications of the low-dimensional chalcohalide nanomaterials. The large number of interesting phenomena occur in these compounds, including ferroelectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electrocaloric, Seebeck, photovoltaic, and ferroelectric-photovoltaic effects. Furthermore, the outstanding photoelectrochemical, photocatalytic, and piezocatalytic properties of the chalcohalide nanomaterials have been revealed. Since many chalcohalide semiconductors possess both photoactive and ferroelectric properties, they are recognized as photoferroelectrics. It presents an overview of fabrication of chalcohalide nanomaterials using different methods: mechanical milling of bulk crystals, liquid-phase exfoliation, vapor phase growth, hydro/solvothermal methods, synthesis under ultrasonic irradiation, microwave synthesis, laser/heat-induced crystallization, electrospinning, successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction. The strategies of the chalcohalide nanomaterials processing for construction of functional devices are presented.The book describes solution processing for thin films preparation, spin-coating deposition of polymer composites, solution casting, films deposition via drop-casting, high pressure compression of nanowires into the bulk samples, pressure assisted sintering, and electric field assisted alignment of nanowires. The applications of the chalcohalide nanomaterials for mechanical/thermal energy harvesting and energy storage are presented. Major challenges and emerging trends in fabrication, characterization, and future applications of low-dimensional chalcohalide nanomaterials are discussed. A wealth of information for scholars, graduate students, and engineers involved in research of nanomaterials.

This book provides a pedagogical introduction to the concepts and methods of quantum field theory necessary for the study of condensed matter and ultracold atomic gases. After a thorough discussion of the basic methods of field theory and many-body physics (functional integrals, perturbation theory, Feynman diagrams, correlation functions and linear response theory, symmetries and their consequences, etc.), the book covers a wide range of topics, from electron gas and Fermi-liquid theory to superfluidity and superconductivity, magnetic instabilities in electron systems, and dynamical mean-field theory of Mott transition. The focus is on the study of model Hamiltonians, where the microscopic physics and characteristic energy scales are encoded into a few effective parameters, rather than first-principle methods which start from a realistic Hamiltonian at the microscopic level and then make material-specific predictions. The reader is expected to be familiar with elementary quantum mechanics and statistical physics, and some acquaintance with condensed-matter physics and ultracold gases may also be useful. No prior knowledge of field theory or many-body problem is required.

"This modern text describes the remarkable developments in quantum condensed matter physics following the experimental discoveries of quantum Hall effects and high temperature superconductivity in the 1980s. After a review of the phases of matter amenable to an independent particle description, entangled phases of matter are described in an accessible and unified manner. The concepts of fractionalization and emergent gauge fields are introduced using the simplest resonating valence bond insulator with an energy gap, the Z2 spin liquid. Concepts in band topology and the parton method are then combined to obtain a large variety of experimentally relevant gapped states. Correlated metallic states are described, beginning with a discussion of the Kondo effect on magnetic impurities in metals. Metals without quasiparticle excitations are introduced using the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, followed by a discussion of critical Fermi surfaces and strange metals. Numerous end-of-chapter problems expand readers' comprehension and reinforce key concepts"--

The Surface Wettability Effect on Phase Change collects high level contributions from internationally recognised scientists in the field. It thoroughly explores surface wettability, with topics spanning from the physics of phase change, physics of nucleation, mesoscale modeling, analysis of phenomena such drop evaporation, boiling, local heat flux at triple line, Leidenfrost, dropwise condensation, heat transfer enhancement, freezing, icing. All the topics are treated by discussing experimental results, mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. In particular, the numerical methods look at direct numerical simulations in the framework of VOF simulations, phase-field simulations and molecular dynamics. An introduction to equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of phase change, wetting phenomena, liquid interfaces, numerical simulation of wetting phenomena and phase change is offered for readers who are less familiar in the field.This book will beof interest to researchers, academics, engineers, and postgraduate students working in the area of thermofluids, thermal management, and surface technology.

This book of problems and solutions in classical mechanics is dedicated to junior or senior undergraduate students in physics, engineering, applied mathematics, astronomy, or chemistry who may want to improve their problems solving skills, or to freshman graduate students who may be seeking a refresh of the material.

One-dimensional nanomaterials are emerging as promising materials for their many unique characteristics. This book covers their synthesis and applications in batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, green energy production, flexible electronics, electrochemical sensors, and biomedicine.Progress in nanotechnology offers an opportunity to synthesize materials with unique properties. The properties of nanomaterials can be further improved by growing them in one-dimension structural with variations in their architecture. One-dimensional polymeric nanocomposites offer various advantages such as nano dimensions, high surface area, structural stability, and the ability to tune their electrochemical, electronic, and optical properties. The book covers basic concepts, chemistries, properties, and the importance of one-dimensional nanomaterials, along with their wide applications and state-of-the-art progress in the energy, flexible electronics, sensor, and biomedical fields. The fundamentals of electrochemical behavior and their understanding for various applications are also discussed in detail.This book will provide new direction to scientists, researchers, and students to better understand the chemistry, technologies, and applications of one-dimensional polymeric nanocomposites.

Für die vierte Auflage wurde das Werk vollständig aktualisiert und überarbeitet. Diese Auflage enthält neue Themen wie Oberflächenspektroskopie, Nichtgleichgewichtseffekte und innovative Beschichtungsmethoden, setzt gleichzeitig jedoch auf das bewährte Konzept, Oberflächenphänomene detailliert und leicht verständlich zu beschreiben.

Fundamentally important as models for the study of energy and charge migration in self-organized systems, discotic liquid crystals find functional application as one-dimensional conductors, photoconductors, light emitting diodes, photovoltaic solar cells, field-effect transistors, and gas sensors. Compiling the scattered literature into a single

This book seeks to strengthen the foundations of continuum plasticity theory, emphasizing a unifying perspective grounded in the fundamental notion of material symmetry.

The Handbook of Natural Polymers: Sources, Synthesis, and Characterization is a comprehensive resource covering extraction and processing methods for polymers from natural sources, with an emphasis on the latest advances. The book begins by introducing the current state-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities in natural polymers. This is followed by detailed coverage of extraction, synthesis, and characterization methods, organized by polymer type. Along with broad chapters discussing approaches to polysaccharide-based polymers, dedicated chapters offer in-depth information on nanocellulose, chitin and chitosan, gluten, alginate, natural rubber, gelatin, pectin, lignin, keratin, gutta percha, shellac, silk, wood, casein, albumin, collagen, hemicellulose, polyhydroxyalkanoates, zein, soya protein, and gum. The final chapters explore other key themes, including filler interactions and properties in natural polymer-based composites, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity, biodegradability, life cycle, and recycling. Throughout the book, information is supported by data, and guidance is offered regarding potential scale-up and industry factors. As part of a 3-volume handbook offering comprehensive coverage of natural polymers, this book will be of interest to all those looking to gain a broad knowledge of natural polymers, including academic researchers, scientists, advanced students, engineers, and R&D professionals from a range of disciplines and industries.

This comprehensive research and reference text aims to outline a realistic, comprehensive, self-consistent, analytic theory of tearing mode dynamics in tokamak plasmas.

Resonant network antennas can overcome the limitations of conventional RF plasma sources. Their intense currents at resonance are well suited for inductive coupling in novel reactor configurations. This reference text explains the complete theory of resonant antennas, from fundamental circuits to mutual partial inductance coupling with plasma, and helicon wave theory.

This book aims to make very important topics in the physics of cancer such as mechanical characterization of cells using biophysical methods visible to the research community, with the goal of ensuring these special techniques receive more attention from the scientific community and are developed accordingly.

This book addresses a broad range of fundamental and applied research on nanofluids, from their preparation, stability, and thermal and rheological properties to performance characterization and advanced applications.

Diverse Quasiparticle Properties of Emerging Materials: First-Principles Simulations thoroughly explores the rich and unique quasiparticle properties of emergent materials through a VASP-based theoretical framework. Evaluations and analyses are conducted on the crystal symmetries, electronic energy spectra/wave functions, spatial charge densities, van Hove singularities, magnetic moments, spin configurations, optical absorption structures with/without excitonic effects, quantum transports, and atomic coherent oscillations.Key FeaturesIllustrates various quasiparticle phenomena, mainly covering orbital hybridizations and spin-up/spin-down configurationsMainly focuses on electrons and holes, in which their methods and techniques could be generalized to other quasiparticles, such as phonons and photonsConsiders such emerging materials as zigzag nanotubes, nanoribbons, germanene, plumbene, bismuth chalcogenide insulatorsIncludes a section on applications of these materialsThis book is aimed at professionals and researchers in materials science, physics, and physical chemistry, as well as upper-level students in these fields.