Elektricitet, elektromagnetisme og magnetisme

BU KURAM'¿ okul y¿llar¿mdan beri, yaklä¿k Üniversite son s¿n¿fta oldu¿um 2000 y¿l¿ndan 2020 y¿l¿na kadar 20 y¿ll¿k bir sürede yazd¿m ve parça parça olu¿turdum. Teori'nin üç versiyonu olup, Birle¿ik Alan Teorisi-I ve II ¿eklinde kitap olarak yay¿nland¿. Okumu¿ oldu¿unuz bu çal¿¿ma, toplam 7 büyük makaleden olu¿an Kuram'¿n tamam¿n¿ içeren en geni¿ ve en son versiyonudur.KURAM, EVREN'in genel ve basit bir matematiksel aç¿klamas¿n¿ ON genel sonuç maddesi halinde özetler:1- Yeni Bir Atom Modeli,2- Yeni Bir Evren Modeli,3- Galileo Eylemsizlik ¿lkesinde De¿i¿im,4- Maxwell Denklemlerinin Yap¿s¿nda Temel Bir De¿i¿im ve ¿lave Ek Bir Terim,5- Poynting Enerji Kuram¿nda De¿i¿im,6- Kütleçekim Alan¿n¿n Statik Alan Denklemlerinde ve Evrensel Kütleçekim Sabitinde Bir De¿i¿im,7- Dinamik Durumda Kütleçekim Alan¿n¿n Asl¿nda Bir Elektromanyetik Dalga Yap¿s¿nda Oldu¿unun ¿sbatlanmas¿n¿,8- Elektromanyetik Alan Kuram¿ ile Kütleçekim Alan Kuram¿nda & Çekirdek Kuvvetlerinde Bir Ön/Birle¿im,9- I¿¿k H¿z¿n¿n A¿¿labilece¿i ve Evrendeki Maksimum h¿z¿n Asl¿nda 2*Pi (¿)*C Oldu¿unu,10- Relativitedeki I¿¿k H¿z¿ Duvar¿'n¿n (C) Sabit De¿eri'ne Göre Partiküllerin S¿n¿fland¿r¿lmas¿nda Kararl¿ ve Karars¿z Partiküller Olarak Temel Bir De¿i¿imi.Özet olarak öngörür.Kitaba ayr¿ca, 5-Boyutlu Relativite ile Kaluza-Klein-Schwarzschild taraf¿ndan öngörülen karadelik tekilli¿inin Einstein- Maxwell-Kur¿unölu teoremiyle geni¿letilmesinden temel alarak Manyetik Monopoller üzerinden kurguland¿rd¿¿¿m¿z ve kitab¿m¿z boyunca bu çizgide ele ald¿¿¿m¿z Birle¿ik Alan Teorisine aday olabilece¿ini öngördü¿ümüz üç önemli Birle¿ik kuram¿ da (Süpersicim, B. Kur¿unölu ve E. Fredkin teorileri) Alternatif Birle¿ik Kuramlar bäl¿¿¿ alt¿nda çal¿¿mam¿z içerisinde ek olarak özet halinde verece¿iz.Kitab¿n sonunda ise, teorinin ikinci versiyonunun ücretsiz olarak indirme linki verilmektedir. Bu ücretsiz versiyonunda, kitab¿m¿z boyunca ele ald¿¿¿m¿z Birle¿ik Alan Kuram¿'n¿ okurun yeterince anlay¿p anlamad¿¿¿n¿ ölçme mahiyetinde, 100 soruluk bir test ile cevap anahtar¿ ve ayr¿ca bir adet önemli fizik terimlerini içeren sözlük ile 5, 11 ve 26 boyutlu uzay zaman yap¿s¿n¿ ayr¿nt¿l¿ olarak betimleyen 3 adet Uzay-Zaman grafi¿i ile kitab¿n sonuna döru matematiksel formülasyonlar¿ ve birle¿ik alan kuram¿n¿n temelini olu¿turan teoremleri içeren bir matematiksel ek ile en sonda Eintein'in 4-boyutlu Relativitesi ve önemli sonuçlar¿ ayr¿nt¿l¿ olarak verilmektedir.Evrenin Bälang¿ç ve Biti¿ an¿nda, tüm Fizik kuvvetlerinin ve yasalar¿n¿n tek bir birle¿ik yap¿da oldu¿unu isbatlamaya yönelik olan bu Muazzam çal¿¿ma, Newton Mekani¿inden, Kuantum Kuram¿na, Einstein Relativitesinden modern 11-boyutlu Süper sicim kuram¿na kadar, tüm fizik yasalar¿n¿ birle¿ik bir yap¿ çerçevesi içerisinde inceledi¿i gibi, Newton'un kütleçekim kuramlar¿yla ilgili büyük çal¿¿mas¿ "PRINCIPIA"y¿ yay¿nlamas¿ndan (1703-1707) yaklä¿k 300 y¿l sonra kaleme al¿nmaya bälanmas¿ (2007 y¿l¿ bälar¿) sebebiyle bir 'MODERN ÇA¿ PRINCIPIA's¿ olarak da ele al¿nabilir..Yüzy¿l¿n bu YEN¿ F¿Z¿K KURAMI, bu geni¿letilmi¿ kaliteli bask¿s¿ ile, toplam 666 sayfadan olu¿an, 100 yeni teorem ve yaklä¿k 1000 adet orjinal Grafik çizimlerle, her kütüphanede bulunmas¿ gereken bir F¿Z¿K & KOZMOLOJ¿ BA¿YAPITI'd¿r..

The book is devoted to the solution of one general problem of the theory of a three-dimensional quasi-stationary sinusoidal and pulse electromagnetic field. These studies, unlike many well-known works, are based on obtained exact analytical solution of the problem for the field, generated by external current sources near the conducting body with plane surface. The solution for the vector and scalar potentials, electric and magnetic intensities in the dielectric and conducting media is found without restrictions on the configuration of current sources,properties of the media and field frequency. Some general properties of field formation for arbitrary field in the considered system are obtained (in particular, full compensation by the field of the electric charge distributed on the interface between the media, the normal component of the induced external electric field and, accordingly, the equality to zero the components both of the current density and the electric field intensity perpendicular to the interface; the non-uniform electromagnetic field decreases in depth of conducting medium faster than uniform field). It is shown that the exact analytical solution depends on the values of the parameter proportional to the ratio of the field penetration depth to the distance between the external field sources and the body. The concept of strong skin effect is extended to the case of small value of the introduced parameter. A significant simplification of theexpressions was obtained as an asymptotic expansion on this small parameter. In the case of pulsed fields approximate method gives the highest accuracy during important initial period of pulse time. For asymptotic expansion the approximate impedance boundary condition is generalized to the diffusion of non-uniform field into conducting medium. The book is intended for the researchers, postgraduate students and students specialized in theory and calculations of electromagnetic fields.

Microwave power transmission has a range of promising applications, but in order to make it a reality, the problem of adequate and correct beamforming has to be solved. This book explores the theory behind developing different beamforming techniques that might be used in microwave power transmission.

This textbook presents the fundamental concepts and theories in electromagnetic theory in a very simple, systematic, and comprehensive way. The book is written in a lucid manner so that they are able to understand the realization behind the mathematical concepts which are the backbone of this subject. All the subject fundamentals and related derivations are discussed in an easy and comprehensive way to make the students strong about the basics of the electromagnetic theory. The philosophy of presentation and material content in the book is based on concept-based approach toward the subject. The key features also lies in the solutions of several interesting numerical problems so that the students should have the idea of the practical usages of the subject. The book benefits students who are taking introductory courses in electromagnetic wave and field theory for applications in communication engineering.

Spinel Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications reviews the key principles, methods, applications, and research directions of spinel materials. Fundamental aspects such as the relationship between their size, metal ion occupancy, and physical behavior are introduced. Then, the synthesis methods to produce these materials and characterization methods used to observe their behaviors are reviewed. The electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of spinel materials make them suitable for wide range of uses, but especially for energy applications. The book reviews the most relevant opportunities and challenges of the use of spinel materials for energy applications.This resource is suitable for researchers and practitioners working in the subject area of materials science and engineering, and may also be of interest to those working in chemistry or physics disciplines.

Nachdem Wilhelm Ostwald die Universität Leipzig 1906 wegen anhaltender Streitigkeiten mit der philosophischen Fakultät verlassen hatte, ließ er sich in Großbothen als Privatgelehrter nieder. Hier entwickelte er seine Farbenlehre. 1923, in einem wirtschaftlich und politisch krisenhaften Jahr, erschien seine Farbkunde. Mit diesem Werk wandte er sich an eine breite Zielgruppe ¿ an ¿Chemiker, Physiker, Naturforscher, Ärzte, Physiologen, Psychologen, Koloristen, Farbtechniker, Drucker, Keramiker, Färber, Weber, Maler, Kunstgewerbler, Musterzeichner, Plakatkünstler und Modisten¿. Er stellt zunächst die bisher beschriebenen Farblehren und Theorien kritisch bewertend vor. In weiteren Kapiteln werden das Licht, die Vorgänge des Sehens und besonders ausführlich die Farben beschrieben. Als ¿Angewandte Farbkunde¿ behandelt er die Messung der Farben, physikalisch-chemische und psychophysische Verhältnisse sowie die Farbe als Darstellungsmittel und die Harmonie der Farben mit Beschreibungen des Farbtonkreises, Vorschläge für einen Normenatlas mit praktischen Ausführungsformen.Ostwald schuf damit die Grundlagen für weit verbreitete Anwendungen, die im Kommentarteil ausführlich vorgestellt werden.

... Depuis les siècles anciens, où les métallurgistes de l'Asie-Mineure, suivant la fable et suivant la réalité, changeaient en fer, et par suite en or, la terre ocreuse qui sur tout le globe constitue la mine de fer, on sait qu'une pierre ferrugineuse, un véritable minerai de fer, a la propriété d'attirer et de retenir ce métal. Cette qualité, la plus occulte de toutes les propriétés physiques après celle qui produit la pesanteur, étant suivie d'âge en âge, nous offre le plus intéressant combat entre la science et l'ignorance, entre l'énigme proposée par la nature au génie de l'homme et la sagacité persévérante de celui-ci...

. The main aim of this book is to shine a spotlight on key experiments and their crucial importance for advancing our understanding of physics. Physics is an empirical science, and experiments have always been a driving force in the development of our understanding of nature. Facts matter. In that sense, the book attempts to be complementary to the many popularizations of theoretical physics, and to counterbalance the frequent emphasis there on more speculative ideas.Experimental physics is also an essential pillar in physics teaching, as well as helping broader audiences to better understand important concepts, particularly in challenging fields such as relativity or quantum physics, where our common sense intuition often fails.Readers are taken on an historical journey, starting with ¿Free Fall¿ and culminating in ¿Spooky Action at a Distance¿. En route they will encounter many important branches ofphysics, whose main ideas and theoretical description will be given a more empirical meaning. At the end, the reader is invited to reflect on what could be exciting and important directions for fundamental physics. All readers with an undergraduate degree in physical sciences or engineering will enjoy and learn much from this stimulating and original text.

Electric machines are widely used in industry, energy, and transport, among other sectors. They are also heavily researched with scientific and technological efforts focusing on three main areas: electric motor technologies, supervision and maintenance strategies, and control schemes. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the technology and applications of electric machines. It is organized into two sections on maintenance and control. Chapters address such topics as signal processing and artificial intelligence, fault detection and identification schemes, predictive maintenance strategies, direct torque control and Lyapunov-based sensorless control, and more.

As a fundamental aspect of science and technology, the electromagnetic field has infiltrated most human activities. This book reviews recent achievements in electromagnetic field theory, in the scientific research driven by the electromagnetic field, and in the application of the electromagnetic field in advanced technology. Theoretical aspects of the electromagnetic field are examined in detail and new interpretations of the basic interactions related to magnetic fields are proposed. Among the scientific research topics reviewed, new understandings are achieved of long-distance wireless power transfer, nerve impulses, and electromagnetic diagnosis mechanisms. A new concept of the electric field at the verge of discharge is applied to the electric fields produced by any distribution or structure of electric charges in clouds. The detailed relationship between materials and microwave electromagnetic fields is described in order to achieve fine control of the chemical reaction field in materials under microwave irradiation. Electromagnetic power consumption in microelectronic devices is carefully analysed, enabling power saving in CMOS/FinFET circuits. The effective use of 2D materials in newly developed electronic, electromagnetic resistive switching devices is investigated.

Non-collinear spin textures have attracted significant attention due to their topological nature, emergent electromagnetic properties, and potential spintronic and magnonic device applications. This book explores the physical properties of distinct spin textures in D2d compounds. The main goals of the work are (a) discovering new spin textures in D2d Heusler compounds and studying their detailed properties to enrich the field of non-collinear magnetism (b) optimizing the nano-track geometry and generating isolated and single chains of nano-objects that will establish new hallmarks for technological applications (c) studying the stability of spin textures with magnetic fields and temperatures and finding a way to observe the striking behavior of spin textures near the specimen edges. The first few chapters provide a brief overview of spin textures such as Bloch and Neel skyrmions. In the experimental methods section, the author shows how to identify the single-crystalline grains of a polycrystalline sample, how to make single-crystalline thin specimens and nano-tracks, and then provides explicit descriptions of different imaging techniques performed on a transmission electron microscope. This part will be valuable for beginners wishing to conduct research in experimental nano-magnetism and transmission electron microscope imaging. The core results of the book are presented in four chapters, describing the discovery of several new and unanticipated spin textures, namely square-shaped antiskyrmions, elliptical Bloch skyrmions, fractional antiskyrmions, fractional Bloch skyrmions and elongated (anti)skyrmions in a single D2d Heusler compound. It is shown that these textures can be understood by a combination of dipole-dipole interactions and a chiral vector exchange that makes it possible to stabilize various spin textures even in the same compound. The D2d compounds are the first non-centrosymmetric systems shown to host several co-existing non-collinear spin textures.

The Collected Writings of Edward Leedskalnin is a compilation of two of Leedskalnin's works, Magnetic Current and A Book in Every Home. This eccentric sculptor and amateur scientist devoted most of his life to creating a large complex of megalithic stones that he quarried and carved himself. Edward Leedskalnin was born in Latvia in 1887. Although he only received formal education up to the fourth grade, he was very inquisitive and spent a large part of his youth reading. He was said to be a sickly boy and grew into a small man-reportedly measuring just 5 feet tall and weighing 100 lbs. At age 26, he was engaged to marry a 16-year-old girl named Agnes Skuvst, but the wedding was called off. Accounts differ, some claiming the wedding was canceled the day before it was scheduled and others saying that Leedskalnin was jilted at the altar. Regardless, he was heartbroken and shortly after emigrated to America. After reaching New York in 1912, he continued on to Oregon where he worked for an ax-handle manufacturer. By 1923, he had contracted tuberculosis. The illness prompted him to move to a warmer climate for his health. He chose Florida, where he purchased an undeveloped acre of land in Florida City. It was on this modest plot that he began Rock Gate (later renamed Coral Castle). This ambitious project involved extracting enormous pieces of oolite stone from his land, moving them into position, and carving them-entirely alone. The pieces include sculptures and carved stone furniture, as well as a two-story tower that served as his living quarters. The project was devoted to his "Sweet Sixteen," the woman who had rejected him many years earlier.Due to the scale of the project, some have dubbed it "Florida's Stonehenge." While it's unclear how Leedskalnin was able to complete it, it is all the more impressive considering his small stature and questionable health. When he wasn't hewing or carving stone, Leedskalnin was also conducting experiments and writing. His first published work was a pamphlet titled A Book in Every Home, published in 1936. The book is divided into three parts, with the first section focusing on Leedskalnin's views on relationships and education. In the second section, Leedskalnin offers his opinions on domestic arrangements and the raising of children. And in the third, he shares his views on voting and the role of government, advocating that "the weaklings" should not be allowed to vote. Leedskalnin also spent two years testing magnets and recording his findings from Rock Gate. These experiments would form the basis of Magnetic Current, published in 1945. In the book, Leedskalnin argues that electricity and magnetism are not separate phenomena but are instead two aspects of the same fundamental force, which he calls "magnetic current." He also proposes a new model of atomic structure and suggests that the fundamental particles of matter are tiny magnets that are constantly in motion.Leedskalnin presents a variety of experiments throughout the book, many of which involve the manipulation of magnetic fields using simple items like various magnets, car batteries, light bulbs, and coils of wire. He believed that his discoveries could provide insights into the mysteries of the universe, including the relative positions of the celestial bodies.Both works demonstrate Leedskalnin's unique view of the world and his eccentric personality. While some of his ideas may be seen as outdated or controversial, the books offer an intriguing glimpse into the mind of a self-taught philosopher and inventor who had a unique perspective on the world around him.

The increase of consumer, medical and sensors electronics using radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) circuits has implications on overall performances if design is not robust and optimized for a given applications. The current and later generation communication systems and Internet of Thing (IoT) demand for robust electronic circuits with optimized performance and functionality, but low cost, size, and power consumption. As a result, there is a need for a textbook that provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject. This book provides state-of-the-art coverage of RF and Microwave Techniques and Technologies, covers important topics: transmission-line theory, passive and semiconductor devices, active and passive microwave circuits and receiver systems, as well as antennas, noise and digital signal modulation schemes. With an emphasis on theory, design, and applications, this book is targeted to students, teachers, scientists, and practicing design engineers who are interested in broadening their knowledge of RF and microwave electronic circuit design. Readers will also benefit from a unique integration of theory and practice, provides the readers a solid understanding of the RF and microwave concepts, active and passive components, antenna, and modulation schemes. Readers will learn to solve common design problems ranging from selection of components, matching networks to biasing and stability, and digital modulation techniques. More importantly, it provides basic understanding in the analysis and design of RF and microwave circuits in a manner that is practiced in industry. This make sure that the know-how learned in this book can be effortlessly and straightway put into practice without any obstacles.

The Collected Writings of Edward Leedskalnin is a compilation of two of Leedskalnin's works, Magnetic Current and A Book in Every Home. This eccentric sculptor and amateur scientist devoted most of his life to creating a large complex of megalithic stones that he quarried and carved himself. Edward Leedskalnin was born in Latvia in 1887. Although he only received formal education up to the fourth grade, he was very inquisitive and spent a large part of his youth reading. He was said to be a sickly boy and grew into a small man-reportedly measuring just 5 feet tall and weighing 100 lbs. At age 26, he was engaged to marry a 16-year-old girl named Agnes Skuvst, but the wedding was called off. Accounts differ, some claiming the wedding was canceled the day before it was scheduled and others saying that Leedskalnin was jilted at the altar. Regardless, he was heartbroken and shortly after emigrated to America. After reaching New York in 1912, he continued on to Oregon where he worked for an ax-handle manufacturer. By 1923, he had contracted tuberculosis. The illness prompted him to move to a warmer climate for his health. He chose Florida, where he purchased an undeveloped acre of land in Florida City. It was on this modest plot that he began Rock Gate (later renamed Coral Castle). This ambitious project involved extracting enormous pieces of oolite stone from his land, moving them into position, and carving them-entirely alone. The pieces include sculptures and carved stone furniture, as well as a two-story tower that served as his living quarters. The project was devoted to his "Sweet Sixteen," the woman who had rejected him many years earlier.Due to the scale of the project, some have dubbed it "Florida's Stonehenge." While it's unclear how Leedskalnin was able to complete it, it is all the more impressive considering his small stature and questionable health. When he wasn't hewing or carving stone, Leedskalnin was also conducting experiments and writing. His first published work was a pamphlet titled A Book in Every Home, published in 1936. The book is divided into three parts, with the first section focusing on Leedskalnin's views on relationships and education. In the second section, Leedskalnin offers his opinions on domestic arrangements and the raising of children. And in the third, he shares his views on voting and the role of government, advocating that "the weaklings" should not be allowed to vote. Leedskalnin also spent two years testing magnets and recording his findings from Rock Gate. These experiments would form the basis of Magnetic Current, published in 1945. In the book, Leedskalnin argues that electricity and magnetism are not separate phenomena but are instead two aspects of the same fundamental force, which he calls "magnetic current." He also proposes a new model of atomic structure and suggests that the fundamental particles of matter are tiny magnets that are constantly in motion.Leedskalnin presents a variety of experiments throughout the book, many of which involve the manipulation of magnetic fields using simple items like various magnets, car batteries, light bulbs, and coils of wire. He believed that his discoveries could provide insights into the mysteries of the universe, including the relative positions of the celestial bodies.Both works demonstrate Leedskalnin's unique view of the world and his eccentric personality. While some of his ideas may be seen as outdated or controversial, the books offer an intriguing glimpse into the mind of a self-taught philosopher and inventor who had a unique perspective on the world around him.

"Magnetic Current" is a captivating exploration into the enigmatic world of magnetism by Edward Leedskalnin, a brilliant and eccentric self-taught scientist. In this timeless classic, Leedskalnin reveals his unique insights and experiments, unraveling the secrets of magnetic currents and their profound influence on our daily lives. With clear explanations and intriguing demonstrations, he invites readers on a journey that challenges conventional understanding and opens doors to new perspectives.