Elektricitet, elektromagnetisme og magnetisme

This book presents advances in the field of rare-earth (R) ¿ transition metal (M) ¿ boron compounds with extensive references. Since titanium and scandium do not form compounds with rare-earths, the Sc/Ti-M-B series are additionally presented. In each chapter the crystal structures, the complex physical properties as determined from neutron diffraction, magnetic measurements, resonance studies, transport properties and band structure calculations are critical analyzed. The models used in describing the experimental evidence are also presented. Tables with the main properties of the R-M-B compounds are given and representative data are illustrated in figures. In this way, the book provides state-of-the art knowledge and a valuable analysis of up-to-date results in the field. The technical applications, as permanent magnets, thermoelectric and magnetocaloric devices, hydrogen storage are also highlighted along with the authors insights into future directions in the field. The book is ofinterest for scientists involved in the development of the field as well as those working in the technical uses of rare-earth compounds.

This book presents the nine switch converter based UPQC is simulated using MAT LAB/SIMULINK. It effectively reduces the current and voltage harmonics. The nine-switch converter is more suitable for replacing back- to-back converter in ¿series¿shunt¿ systems. As a further performance booster, a modified space vector modulation and 120 degree modulation scheme is presented for reducing the overall commutation count by 33%. It is also compensated for voltage sags, total harmonic distortion with proper series and shunt controls. Since the number of switches required is less compared to conventional converter, the switching losses are less.

Materials for Electronics Security and Assurance reviews the properties of materials that could enable devices that are resistant to tampering and manipulation. The book discusses recent advances in materials synthesis and characterization techniques for security applications. Topics addressed include anti-reverse engineering, detection, prevention, track and trace, fingerprinting, obfuscation, and how materials could enable these security solutions. The book introduces opportunities and challenges and provides a clear direction of the requirements for material-based solutions to address electronics security challenges. It is suitable for materials scientists and engineers who seek to enable future research directions, current computer and hardware security engineers who want to enable materials selection, and as a way to inspire cross-collaboration between both communities.

The size and location of DG are the crucial factors in the application of DG for loss minimization. This book presents an algorithm for the identification of bus location using Sensitivity analysis and also an algorithm for the determination of size of the DG using PSO. This methodology is tested on IEEE 15 bus system. By installing DGs at all the potential locations with the determined sizes, the total real power loss of the system has been reduced by 83% and the voltage profile of the system is also improved. The harmonics that are present in the system are reduced by placing capacitors at the optimal locations which are determined by using PSO-HPF algorithm. By placing the capacitors at optimal locations, the voltage profile is also improved.

The subject of this supplement to Landolt-Börnstein IV/22 Series is to present both the numerical and graphical data on the various magnetic properties of materials under pressure. Data for transition metal binary oxides MmOn [M: transition metals, O: oxygen, m, n: 1~15], MXO [M: transition metals, X: F, Cl, Br, O: oxygen] and MM¿On [M: transition metals, M¿: transition metals or non-transition metal elements, O: oxygen, n=2, 2.5, 3] ternary oxides are presented.As well known, the data-compiling principle in the Landolt-B¿rrnstein series is to choose the best reliable values from many available experimental data. The present compilation is done according to this principle.

This present book includes selected papers presented at the 16th International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation. It presents research shortcomings and future orientations in ESP among others, advancements in power supply, modelling, novel applications and new techniques, industrial experience and case studies. Outstanding scientists and engineers worldwide in the field reported their on-going researches. The book is a useful reference for scientists and engineers to keep abreast of the latest developments in environmental science and engineering.

Die Elektrodynamik wird meistens in der historisch orientierten Reihenfolge behandelt, in der das elektrische und magnetische Feld zunächst als separate Objekte eingeführt und schließlich über die Maxwell-Gleichungen miteinander verknüpft werden. Die Lorentz-Symmetrie der Theorie und die Vereinigung der beiden Felder im Feldstärketensor werden üblicherweise erst am Ende gezeigt, obwohl sich die Gleichungen dadurch vereinfachen und sie erst so in allen Bezugssystemen gelten.Damit durchläuft der Studierende zwar die historische Entwicklung, muss aber dann zum Ende der Vorlesung alles rückblickend verstehen und neu einordnen. Dieses Buch geht den umgekehrten, deduktiven Weg, der die Elektrodynamik von vornherein auf das Fundament der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie stellt und von da aus ¿ gegenüber dem üblichen Vorgehen sozusagen "rückwärts" ¿ die bekannten Phänomene und Zusammenhänge ableitet. Dieses Vorgehen erlaubt eine wesentlich straffere und ¿ was die Rolle des Elektromagnetismus im Gesamtzusammenhang der Theoretischen Physik angeht ¿ klarere Behandlung.

A compact introduction to calculus based physics for scientists and engineers. Topics include: mathematics for physics, motion in one and two dimensions, Newton's laws of motion, conservation of momentum, rotational motion, sound, periodic motion, simple harmonic motion, waves, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, DC and AC circuits, refraction, diffraction and optical instruments. Chapters include fully worked out example problems and end of chapter practice/homework problems for the reader.

With the objective to collate the enormous amount of information on magnetic susceptibility parameters of a very large number of a variety of skeletons and present it in a form that can readily be retrieved and used, a new pattern is being introduced with the present volume keeping in view that now a majority of research groups look at the scientific data electronically.In this volume, magnetic properties of complexes of ???(La, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Ho, Yb)??? are described.All the magnetic properties of each individual substance are listed as a single document which is self-explainable and allowing search in respect of substance name, synonyms, common vocabulary, and even structure.

This text is intended for the graduate level electrical engineering students and engineers, who have an undergraduate level exposure to power electronic circuits, as well as fundamental electrical engineering theories. This book primarily provides a study basis for power electronic system with emphasis on topology, modeling and control. The expected outcome leads to proficiency, if not strictly, in basic and advanced topology in power electronic circuits, modeling of power electronic circuits, control of power electronic systems.

Much research is being conducted to develop larger wind turbines, both onshore and offshore, to decarbonize electricity grid systems through the exploitation of wind power. This book presents advances and challenges in the design, manufacture, and operation of wind turbines. The main topics addressed include the basic aspects of wind turbine design, offshore wind industry and floating wind turbines, wind measurement and forecasting models, design and manufacturing of rotor blades, manufacture of power transmission bearings, and challenges in control strategies and computational aerodynamics.

As per the huge wind power potential, large wind energy development in rural area of North Maharashtra has played a very important role. Due to increase of wind power penetration to grid, the Power Quality issues are affected and there are certain technical limitations in the form of grid codes for wind power penetrations to grid system. Poor Power Quality acts as obstacle for effective implementations of the Indian wind grid codes, in identified case study of the Khaprale wind farm. In view of this the special case study with detailed Power Quality analysis of a Wind Farm project at Khaprale District Nashik (50 MW) is done. Similarly the various Wind Farms sites are visited and its Power Quality analysis is done. Case study of the Khaprale wind farm was analyzed by MATLAB simulations and experimental method for Power Quality point of view. The various Power Quality issues such as Voltage sag, voltage swell, Harmonics, FRT or LVRT are considered and Custom Power Device based DSTATCOM with smart energy storage system are developed according to existing nature of Power Quality under normal and abnormal conditions.

Reliability of power systems has been occupying an important measure of system performance and a key factor in system planning, design, and maintenance. The power regime can be divided into three major areas of operation namely, generation, transmission, and distribution. The main duty of distribution system is to deliver an uninterrupted electricity to consumers in changing conditions within accepted levels of cost and reliability. However, it has been found that more than 80% of failures occur in the distribution area. Recently, therefore, many utilities have been concentrating on evaluating and improving their distribution system reliability. This book titled ¿Reliability Analysis of Power Distribution System¿ is the first edition and written by Mohammed Wadi. It covers all the fundamentals of probability and statistics required to perform all the reliability analysis and modeling. Besides, it covers the most interruption causes in power distribution, reliability assessments of simple power systems, reliability assessments of complex power systems, reliability assessments of closed-ring power systems, historical reliability assessments.

Most people think bad feelings--feelings like anger, envy, spite, and contempt--are obstacles to a good life. You're supposed to do your best not to feel them or to get over them as quickly as you can, otherwise they'll take over and turn you into a monster. But this is a big mistake. We don't have to battle our negative emotions or "channel" them into something productive. We feel negative emotions because our lives matter to us. They are part of what makes life meaningful. This book shows how philosophy can help us learn to live life well with bad feelings.

After a near-fatal fall from a mountain, a former artist turned inventor locks himself in a garage for six years in a desperate search for an ancient secret in electronics and physics. Aiming for the impossible goal of stopping climate catastrophe, his relentless investigation uncovers something unexpected about the Universe - and himself.Take the plunge with the inventor from the mountain top and into the wonder and romance of scientific discovery - where reality truly is "stranger than fiction". Follow the real-life adventure of a young man who, against all the odds, opposition, and heartbreak finds the 'pearl of great price' - an obscure portal to Nature's storehouse of pristine and endless energy.For the first time in history, witness the realization of a lost hope and dream from scientific antiquity. Learn the secret that will change science and the world forever. Discover for yourself the power of the Quantum Kinetic Well.

This book is designed for both the scientific audience, research and development engineers and the university students. The fundamentals of radio frequency antenna beam forming is explained in this book. The principles of beam focusing and beam steering in near field and far field are visualized with 2D and 3D simulations and compared with measurement results. Besides linear and planar antenna arrays, also conformal arrays, i.e. concave and convex antenna arrays, suitable for certain applications, are investigated and presented. Also related applications of radio frequency beam forming like open loop and closed loop large scale antenna arrays or massive MIMO, which is one of the break-through technologies for 5G and future 6G and involves an extremely large number of antenna elements for the multi-user beam forming, as well as thinned antenna arrays with electrically large distances between the antenna elements are discussed.

This book is a journey into the world of electromagnetic waves and focuses on a historical and technological account of how they have routinely entered the daily life of society today. All sources of electromagnetic waves, natural or man-made, are carefully analyzed through language suitable for everyone and with repeated examples.

Sowohl im Studium als auch in der täglichen Arbeit benötigt der Physiker eine Vielzahl mathematischer Methoden, die über die Methoden aus den Grundvorlesungen der Analysis und linearen Algebra hinausgehen. Das vorliegende Buch baut auf diesen Vorlesungen auf und stellt die grundlegenden und jeweils einführenden Themen aus der Funktionentheorie, der Funktionalanalysis, der Theorie orthogonaler Funktionen, der Fouriertheorie, der Tensorrechnung und der Distributionen dar. Bei der sehr kompakten Darstellung des Stoffes wurde darauf geachtet, eine einheitliche und gebräuchliche Notation über die verschiedenen Gebiete der Mathematik und Physik hinweg zu verwenden. Besonders wurde auf eine anschauliche Präsentation des Stoffes Wert gelegt, was zum einen durch zahlreiche erklärende farbige Grafiken und zum anderen durch viele praxisrelevante Beispiele und Aufgaben mit Lösungen erreicht wurde. Geschlossene und kompakte Darstellung von elementaren mathematischen Methoden der Physik. Viele anschauliche Beispiele und Aufgaben mit Lösungen im Text integriert, sowie zusätzliche Aufgaben. Zahlreiche komplexe und farbige Plots als Source-Code (MatLab) online frei verfügbar Rezension der 1. Auflage: "Das Buch enthält alles, was für die Ausbildung eines modernen Physikers wichtig ist, inklusive Tensor- und Fourierrechnung, die in vielen anderen Büchern zu kurz behandelt werden. Das Buch kann als Werk für den Dozenten eingesetzt werden und ermöglicht eine Vorlesung auf verschiedenen Niveaus, je nach Möglichkeiten der Teilnehmer."Prof. Simone Sanner, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen

This monograph is a fundamental reference for scientists and engineers who encounter spin processes in their work. The author, Ilya Kuprov, derives the concept of spin from basic symmetries and gives an overview of theoretical and computational aspects of spin dynamics: from Dirac equation and spin Hamiltonian, through coherent evolution and relaxation theories, to quantum optimal control, and all the way to practical implementation advice for parallel computers.

La electricidad es uno de los energéticos más utilizados en los hogares mexicanos. Se emplea principalmente para aire acondicionado, refrigeración, iluminación y en aparatos electrodomésticos diversos. Cada bimestre, el recibo de Luz impacta fuertemente nuestro bolsillo.Como se pretende obtener la disminución del consumo, mediante la medición de energía de los equipos instalados en el área de estudio, los índices que permitan realizar un diagnóstico energético y con base en ello determinar tanto el estado actual de consume respecto a la carga nominal, así como también determinar posibles focos de ahorro de energía, determinando las anomalías presentadas por el sistema, para formular medidas a corto, mediano y largo plazo.En términos generales, el uso eficiente de energía eléctrica significa obtener mejores resultados de producción con menos recursos, lo cual se traducirá en menores costos de manufactura, más productos con menos desperdicios y bajos consumos de energía.

Nanospectroscopy addresses the spectroscopy of very small objects down to single molecules or atoms, or high-resolution spectroscopy performed on regions much smaller than the wavelength of light, revealing their local optical, electronic and chemical properties. This work highlights modern examples where optical nanospectroscopy is exploited in photonics, optical sensing, medicine, or state-of-the-art applications in material, chemical and biological sciences. Examples include the use of nanospectroscopy in such varied fields as quantum emitters, dyes and two-dimensional materials, on solar cells, radiation imaging detectors, biosensors and sensors for explosives, in biomolecular and cancer detection, food science, and cultural heritage studies. Also by the editors: Textbook "Optical Nanospectroscopy": _"Fundamentals & Methods" (Vol. 1) and _"Instrumentation, Simulation & Materials" (Vol. 2).

This book is about the energy loss and the coherent radiation emitted by a relativistic charge in matter. These phenomena ¿ locally deposited energy, Cherenkov radiation and transition radiation ¿ are the basis of any charged particle detector able to discriminate charges by their velocity. This book describes these phenomena and how they are related. The fundamental field equations and first principles are used to derive the spectrum of energy-loss signals and thence the velocity resolution that can be achieved. Two specific applications are then followed: the first shows that this resolution has been achieved in practice with a multi-particle detector in the course of an experiment at CERN, and the second shows how, by including scattering, the technique of ionisation cooling of accelerator beams may be reliably simulated. The book is based on a series of lectures given at the University of Oxford to graduate students in experimental particle physics. Some knowledge of mathematical physics at an undergraduate level is assumed, specifically Maxwell¿s equations and classical optics.

With the objective to collate the enormous amount of information on magnetic susceptibility parameters of a very large number of a variety of skeletons and present it in a form that can readily be retrieved and used, a new pattern is being introduced with the present volume keeping in view that now a majority of research groups look at the scientific data electronically.In this volume, magnetic properties of complexes of ???(La, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Ho, Yb)??? are described.All the magnetic properties of each individual substance are listed as a single document which is self-explainable and allowing search in respect of substance name, synonyms, common vocabulary, and even structure.

This book undertakes the unusual task of correcting and proposing supplements to the Landau and Lifshitz's highly celebrated textbook titled: The Classical Theory of Fields 1, which has been extraordinarily influential. Its first edition was published in 1939, and new editions in many languages continue to be published. Furthermore, it is still cited in scientific works several hundred times each year. The Classical Electrodynamic Part of Landau and Lifshitz's Textbook The Classical Theory of Fields is rigorously analyzed. The need for corrections is proved. The distinction between bound fields and radiation fields is stipulated. Apparent paradoxes, like the "hidden momentum" concept and the 4/3 factor of the Lorentz transformation of the electromagnetic fields' momentum of a charged particle are explained. Inherent contradictions of of the gauge transformations are proved. In particular, it is proved that the apparent gauge invariance of the QED Lagrangian density does not hold because of its inherent mathematical inconsistencies. This analysis clarifies the long debate concerning the meaning of the electromagnetic 4-potential and its gauge transformations. A regular magnetic monopole theory is outlined, and the systematic failure of the quest for Dirac monopoles is proved.

Este livro é uma viagem ao mundo das ondas electromagnéticas e centra-se num relato histórico e tecnológico de como estas entraram rotineiramente na vida quotidiana da sociedade de hoje. Todas as fontes de ondas electromagnéticas, naturais ou artificiais, são cuidadosamente analisadas através de uma linguagem adequada para todos e com exemplos repetidos.

This book briefly looks at numerical modeling and micromagnetic simulation results of magnonic crystals, which are periodically modulated magnonic devices regarded as the magnetic counterpart of photonic crystals with spin waves acting as the information carrier. Since the wavelength of the spin wave is several orders of magnitude shorter than that of electromagnetic waves of the same frequency, magnonic crystals are promising candidates for miniaturization, especially in the fields of data storage and processing. The book begins by describing the dispersion relation of dipolar spin waves in a magnonic curved waveguide, solving Walker's equation in cylindrical coordinates, and then calculating the dispersion of exchange spin waves using perturbation theory. It describes simulated nano-contact-driven spin wave excitations in a magnonic cavity, featuring a design of an antidot magnonic crystal around the nano-contact, with the frequency of the spin wave mode generated lying within the band gap of the magnonic crystal. The proposed device behaves as a SWASER¿Spin Wave Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. This book will find interest among researchers and practitioners interested in the modeling, simulation, and design of novel magnonic devices.