Medicinsk kemi

This volume details state-of-the- art methods on computer-aided antibody design. Chapters guide readers through information on antibody sequences and structures,  modeling antibody structures and dynamics, prediction and optimization of biological and biophysical properties of antibodies, prediction of antibody-antigen interactions, and computer-aided antibody affinity maturation and beyond. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Computer-Aided Antibody Design aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge. Chapter 2 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This monograph compiles updated information about forskolin, a labdane diterpene that is produced by the Coleus plant. Forskolin has a large number of practical uses and the book delves into the various aspects of this chemical. It includes topics such as the botanical source of forskolin and the cultivation of Coleus forskohlii, source. It also covers the biosynthetic pathways in natural sources and also through different biotechnological applications. Chapters include the potential and products in the Forskolin market. The book also covers the methods for enhanced production of forskolin from natural sources and through tissue culture methods for improvement of the plant for higher content of forskolin. It discusses the role of endophytes in the production of forskolin.The book is useful for students and researchers in the field of botany, pharmacology and biochemistry. It also serves scientists in various pharmaceutical industries.

This book gives an overview of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and its clinical application. It also highlights recent advances in toxicological studies, as they relate to therapeutic drug monitoring.  This is one of the few books available on the market that covers TDM. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a clinical decision-making tool that enables dosage regimen adjustments based on clinical and laboratory measurements. TDM not only involves the measuring of drug concentrations but also interpretation of the results. There is a strong correlation between drug concentrations in body fluids and outcome than between dose and outcome.  The chapters include coverage of analytical techniques, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic indices, artificial intelligence and recent advances in toxicological studies.The book fills a gap in published literature and provides reliable information on; Analytical techniques in TDM and clinical toxicology TDM and pharmacokinetic studies TDM of drugs with narrow therapeutic indices Artificial intelligence in TDM and clinical toxicology Future directions and challenges 

This book combines discursive chapters that present the latest progress in molecular biology, drug discovery, organ-tissue engineering, and related fields, with a number of descriptive chapters on methods, protocols, and case studies. Structured into four parts, this volume walks the reader through the latest in cellular biology, with discussions on novel medicinal plant metabolites, nanotechnology in precision medicine, nucleic acid-based therapeutics and vaccines, genetic engineering, computational aid, bioinformatics, synthetic organs for transplantation, and organ-tissue engineering. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detail and expert implementation advice that ensures quality results in the lab. Authoritative and informative, Gene, Drug, and Tissue Engineering serves as an ideal guide for undergraduate students, postgraduate researchers, and senior researchers working in biomedicine and its underlying technologies, stimulating both computational and experimental development and fostering the exchange of new ideas.

Extraordinary color illustrations make biochemistry concepts easy to understand and retainProviding a powerful visual overview of the entire spectrum of human biochemistry, the third edition of the popular Color Atlas of Biochemistry is an ideal reference and study aid. It utilizes the signature "Flexibook" format, consisting of double-page spreads with clear explanatory text on the left-hand page and exquisitely detailed full-color graphics on the right. These "bite-sized" learning capsules ensure that your review of any given topic is quick, efficient, and comprehensive, allowing you to target the exact information you need for classroom and exam success.New features of this bestselling review book:- Increased focus on pathobiochemical aspects and clinical correlations, especially useful for exam preparation in the clinical sciences- New and expanded sections on the immune and digestive systems, motor proteins, transport processes, blood clotting and fibrinolysis, biochemistry of fatty tissue, metabolic integration, neurotransmitters and their receptors, signal transduction, and much more!- Symbols for atoms, biomolecules, coenzymes, biochemical processes, and chemical reactions are color-coded to promote quick comprehension- Computer graphics that provide simulated 3D representations of important molecules, making complex subject matter tangible- Convenient color thumb index that guides you quickly through the book This superb didactic atlas has been used by medical and health science students worldwide since its first publication in German in 1994 and has since been translated into fifteen languages. Its unrivalled illustrations, concise text, and focused presentation all combine to create an excellent, high-yield study guide.

This collection provides detailed information on current advances in analytical methods and strategies employed for monitoring and discovering a wide range of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in clinical and forensic laboratories. The main classes of NPS in terms of prevalence include synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, synthetic opioids, and designer or synthetic benzodiazepines, and this book explores selecting the appropriate sample matrix and analytical testing approaches for laboratories faced with NPS drug testing, such as in blood, urine, saliva, and hair. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters in this volume feature the kind of detailed implementation advice from the experts that leads to successful results in the lab. Authoritative and practical, Methods for Novel Psychoactive Substance Analysis serves as an ideal guide for forensic and clinical toxicologists, pharmacologists and chemists in academic and research settings, as well as for private laboratories seeking to increase our ability to test for these substances.@font-face {font-family:"e;Cambria Math"e;; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536869121 1107305727 33554432 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-469750017 -1073732485 9 0 511 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:"e;"e;; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"e;Times New Roman"e;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"e;Times New Roman"e;; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"e;Times New Roman"e;; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}

This book focuses on the fundamentals and applications of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics and discusses the strengths and key challenges of this emerging class of drugs. In the past 30 years, extensive research and technological development in many areas have contributed to the emergence of in vitro transcribed mRNA as a therapeutic that has now reached clinical testing. Formulations that protect the mRNA from nucleases and accelerate its cellular uptake, combined with improvements to the mRNA molecules themselves, have been critical advancements for mRNAs to become viable therapeutics. Though once regarded as a serious impediment, the transient nature of mRNA technology is now considered a major advantage in making mRNA therapies safe and, ultimately, a potential game changer in the field of medicine. This new book in the RNA Technologies series provides a state-of-the-art overview on the emerging field of mRNA therapeutics covering essential strategies for formulation, delivery, and application. It also reviews the promising role in cancer immunotherapy, respiratory diseases, and chronic HBV infection and discusses RNA vaccines in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic. mRNA-based approaches have great potential to revolutionize molecular biology, cell biology, biomedical research, and medicine. Thus, this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in academia and industry contributing to the development of this new area of therapeutics.

This contributed volume focuses on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and explores the ways in which signaling mechanisms at the biochemical, molecular, and cellular levels in the blood vessels (vascular) and heart contribute to the underlying causes of development and progression of the CVDs. This volume covers unique topics such as oxidant signaling in vascular and heart diseases and health, cytoskeletal signaling in vascular health and disease, phospholipase signaling in CVDs, lipid signaling in vascular and myocardial health and diseases, and drug discovery in cellular signaling for cardiovascular diseases.This book assembles the most important discoveries made by leaders on the cellular signaling mechanisms operating behind the development and progression of life-threatening CVDs. It is an extremely useful resource for the investigators in the field of CVDs, and opens the discussion for further discovery of efficient management and effective treatment of the CVDs.

This book explains how peptide-based drug design works, what steps are needed to develop a peptide-based therapeutic, and challenges in synthesis as well as regulatory issues.  It covers the design concept of peptide therapeutics from fundamental principles using structural biology and computational approaches. The chapters are arranged in a linear fashion. A fresh graduate or a scientist who works on small molecules can use this to follow the design and development of peptide therapeutics to use as understanding the basic concepts. Each chapter is written by experts from academia as well as industry. Rather than covering extensive literature, the book provides concepts of design, synthesis, delivery, as well as regulatory affairs and manufacturing of peptides in a systematic way with examples in each case. The book can be used as a reference for a pharmaceutical or biomedical scientist or graduate student who wants to pursue their career in peptide therapeutics. Some chapters will be written as a combination of basic principles and protocol so that scientists can adopt these methods to their research work. The examples provided can be used to perform peptide formulation considerations for the designed peptides. The book has nine chapters, and each chapter can be read as an independent unit on a particular concept.

This interdisciplinary book covers the fundamentals of optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities, light¿matter interaction, and biomolecular structure with a focus on applications in biosensing. Novel biosensors based on the hybridization of WGM microcavities and localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in metal nanoparticles have emerged as the most sensitive microsystem biodetection technology that boasts single molecule detection capability without the need for amplification and labeling of the analyte. The book provides an ample survey of the physical mechanisms of WGMs and LSPRs for detecting affinity, concentration, size, shape and orientation of biomarkers, while informing the reader about different classes of biomolecules, their optical properties and their importance in label-free clinical diagnostics.This expanded and updated second edition features a new chapter that introduces the reader to advanced in vivo biosensing techniques using WGM microcavities, looking at photothermal sensing, methods for trapping neutral atoms around WGM microcavities, and practical aspects of optoplasmonic sensing. The second Edition now provides a comprehensive introduction to the use of WGM microcavities in physical sensing which includes measurements with frequency combs, macro and micro (one atom) lasers, gyroscopes, optomechanical and parity-time-symmetric sensor devices.Chapter-end problems round out this comprehensive and fundamental textbook, inspiring a host of up-and-coming physicists, bioengineers, and medical professionals to make their own breakthroughs in this blossoming new field. This textbook can be used for both introductory and advanced courses about the modern optics of optical microcavities.

This book comprehensively reviews the epidemiology and surveillance strategies of Visceral Leishmaniasis, and the latest developments in disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and vaccine development. The initial chapters cover the epidemiology features and spatial distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis. The book further discusses the manifestations of HIV-Visceral Leishmaniasis infection on the immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic response. It analyzes the role of different proteomic technologies in understanding the parasite development, survival, drug resistance mechanisms, host-pathogen interactions, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. The book concludes by discussing recent advancements in vaccine development for Visceral Leishmaniasis. It discusses the promising vaccine candidate, their developmental status, current challenges, and prospects for rational vaccine development against Leishmania. This book is an invaluable source of information for students, and researchers working to understand the Leishmania biology, and drug development.

This book comprehensively reviews the recent progress in their pathogenesis and management approaches for neurological disorders. It focuses on understanding the molecular mechanism, pathology, novel nanotechnology-based approaches against stroke, Alzheimer¿s disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington¿s disease, Multiple sclerosis, and Epilepsy. The book provides the basic understanding about the development and progression of these diseases, and recent pharmacotherapeutic approaches for their management. It also discusses challenges in drug development for neurological disorders, including preclinical models of disorders, the need for drugs to cross the blood-brain-barrier, and limited understanding of relevant pathophysiology. The book also focuses on different conventional and novel strategies for drug delivery in neurological disorders. Towards the end, the book reviews the applications of nanotechnology for the diagnosis of neurological disorders. One of the chapters is focused onthe role of herbal actives in the treatment of neurological disorders. Finally, a chapter is included on nanotechnology-based approaches for diagnosis of neurological disorders. This book is a useful resource for students and researchers of pharmaceutical sciences, life sciences, material sciences, and nanosciences.¿

This book compiles updated research about the implications of therapeutic proteins in various human diseases. The initial chapters of the book provide basic information on the therapeutic proteins and discuss techniques for their formulation, production, and analytic approaches for their characterization. The subsequent chapters shed light on therapies based on therapeutic proteins against metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Importantly, it presents the factors influencing the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins, including, genetic factors, disease type, and origin of therapeutic protein, dose frequency, administration route, and treatment duration. The book also reviews the strategies for reducing immunogenicity associated with therapeutic proteins, including PEGylation, site specific mutagenesis, exon shuffling, and humanizing of monoclonal antibodies. Further, it presents strategies for improving the typical drawback associated with protein therapeutics including instability and limited penetration through biological barriers. This book covers various computational methods that are commonly used for designing therapeutic proteins and in silico method for predicting and improving in vivo efficacy of the therapeutic molecules. Lastly, the book highlights the recent advances in developing nanosized delivery systems to improve safety and efficacy of protein therapeutics.This book caters to students and researchers of medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences and therapeutics. It is also useful to clinicians working with therapeutic proteins.

This detailed book examines the main methods to study mammalian monoamine oxidases (MAOs), ranging from cell biology to computational chemistry. Beginning with techniques on how to obtain pure samples of MAO A and MAO B, the volume continues by covering assays and techniques used to measure MAO enzymatic activity and perform inhibition studies, methods to address cellular localization and function of MAOs, either in cell lines or in animal models, as well as computational methods applied to rational drug design approaches that are used to develop new MAO inhibitors. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Monoamine Oxidase: Methods and Protocols serves as a vital resource for scientists who are interested in studying MAOs and other similar amine oxidase enzymes.

This volume details applications in molecular biological techniques and focuses on applications to determine the involvement of glycans in virus interactions. Chapters guide readers through glycan analysis, glycan distribution analysis, glycan and lectin microarray, preparation of recombinant viral domain protein, reverse genetics and receptor binding, virus-host interactions and receptor binding, and sialidase: assays and inhibitors. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Glycovirology: Methods and Protocols aims to be an essential resource for researchers who wish to learn more about glycovirology. 

This book provides an overview of various drug delivery systems at the cellular level including biological, chemical methods, and most importantly physical methods such as photoporation, electroporation, mechanoporation, and device-based techniques (e.g., microfluidics), as well as organism-level techniques including nanomaterials, biomaterials, and transdermal. Drug delivery (DD) can be defined as the method and route by which an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is administered to promote its desired pharmacological effect and/or convenience and/or to reduce adverse effects. Drug delivery systems are developed to maximize drug efficacy and minimize side effects. As drug delivery technologies improve, the drug becomes safer and more comfortable for patients to use. During the last seven decades, extraordinary progress has been made in drug delivery technologies, such as systems for long-term delivery for months and years, localized delivery, and targeted delivery. The advances, however, will face the next phase considering the future technologies that we need to overcome many physicochemical barriers for new formulation development and biological unknowns for treating various diseases. Thus, various technologies are built at a single-cell level as well as an organism level. This book is useful at the university level for graduate courses or research studies and biotechnology-based companies with research and development on cell-based analysis, diagnosis, or drug screening. This book is also very useful for researchers in drug delivery technologies, which came in frontier research for the past decade.

This detailed volume explores a wide range of evidence-based complementary medicine and various bio-analytical techniques used to define botanical products. Collecting recent work and current developments in the field of contemporary phytomedicine as well as their future possibilities in human health care, the book includes unique contributions in the form of chapters on phytomedicine and screening biological activities explained with diverse hyphenated techniques, as well as issues related to herbal medications, such as efficacy, adulteration, safety, toxicity, regulations, and drug delivery. Written for the Springer Protocols Handbooks series, chapters feature advice from experts on how to best conduct future experiments. Extensive and practical, Natural Product Experiments in Drug Discovery serves as an ideal reference for students, professors, and researchers in universities, R&D institutes, pharmaceutical and herbal enterprises, and health organizations.

The book is devoted to an important aspect of pharmacology and pharmaceutical chemistry, i.e. the significance of stereoisomerism of drugs for their biological effect from the point of view of their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicology. The authors review the landmarks in the development of stereochemistry and stereopharmacology. Present-day IUPAC terminology is discussed; general issues of stereoisomerism are considered including separation of racemic mixtures and asymmetric synthesis of isomers, methods of quantifying the isomers of a drug in biological material. The authors put special emphasis on general problems of the influence of stereoisomerism on pharmacological and adverse effects of drugs. A classification of drugs based on stereochemical properties of their isomers is proposed. Possibilities of interaction of stereoisomers in racemic mixtures are discussed. A considerable portion of the book is devoted to pharmacological action of the main groups of drugs whose structure includes asymmetric atoms (that is, drugs with several isomers). Detailed attention is paid to advisability of developing single isomer drugs and to the specifics of their study at the stage of preclinical and clinical trials.

This new edition offers a state-of-the-art and integrative vision of pharmacogenomics by exploring new concepts and practical methodologies focusing on disease treatments, from cancers to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders and more. The collection of these theoretical and experimental approaches facilitates problem-solving by tackling the complexity of personalized drug discovery and development. Written by leading experts in their fields for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, the book aims to provide across-the-board resources to support the translation of pharmacogenomics into better individualized health care. Authoritative and up-to-date, Pharmacogenomics in Drug Discovery and Development, Third Edition aims to aid researchers in approaching the challenges in pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine with the introduction of these novel ideas and cutting-edge methodologies.

This volume captures the recent changes and evolution in ethics in research involving humans and provides future directions to achieve alternative drug development strategies for equitable global health. It presents ethical considerations in current day clinical trials and new trends of ethics in research. It also describes the historical context, illustrates the process in alternative paradigms to achieve democracy after World War II, how the framework of ethics in research was established in different regions, and policies implemented to protect research participants from the exploitation of new drug development. The book is organized into three themed parts: relevant constructions from Brazil, South Africa, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan; historical and international perspectives of principles of ethics in research; and alternative frameworks of clinical development and innovation. Ethical Innovation for Global Health: Pandemic, Democracy and Ethics in Research is an informative resource for academic researchers, the global pharmaceutical industry, regulators, civil society and other role players involved in global health. It is contributed to by leaders in global policy development in research ethics, and experts in drug development activities with its trajectory being global health. The COVID-19 pandemic, as a global disaster, necessitated not only socio-economic but also cultural transformation. While effective vaccines were developed under a successful new methodology, there remains inequity of distribution of these vaccines globally. The book re-engages with the notion of the primacy of distributing results of scientific innovation to those who most require the benefits.

Chapters collected from "The Virtual Conference on Chemistry and its Applications (VCCA-2021) - Research and Innovations in Chemical Sciences: Paving the Way Forward". This conference was held in August 2021 and organized by the Computational Chemistry Group of the University of Mauritius. These peer-reviewed chapters offer insights into research on fundamental and applied chemistry with interdisciplinary subject matter.

This volume builds upon the successful book Lanthanide Luminescence published in the Springer Series on Fluorescence in 2011. Since its publication, the field of lanthanide spectroscopy and the areas in which the light emission properties of the f-elements are used have experienced substantial advances. The luminescence properties of lanthanide ions make them unique candidates for a myriad of optical applications. This book highlights and reviews the latest research in areas ranging from luminescence thermometry to imaging, sensing and photonic applications of these fascinating elements. Each chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to a specific area of application of lanthanide luminescence and extensively reviews seminal papers and current research literature. Given its interdisciplinary scope, the book appeals to scientists and advanced students in physics, chemistry and materials science interested in compounds and materials with optical properties.

By examining historical applications of the compounds found in plants, this five-volume series serves as a reference for quality assurance, research, product development, and regulatory guidance of the compounds found in plant-based medicines. This work supports the growing consumers' interest in herbal medicine for wellness and health. Plant-Based Therapeutics, Volume 1: Cannabis sativa, the first in the series, covers a unique plant species and provides the framework to integrate its evidence-based scientific discoveries with healthcare therapies. Cannabis has been used in religious ceremonies and medical purposes for thousands of years. Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychoactive component of Cannabis, was isolated in the 1940s, and its structure was established in the 1960s. In 1964 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component, was isolated. Cannabis has more than 500 components, of which 104 cannabinoids have been identified. Two of them, THC and CBD, have been the primary components of scientific investigations. They were approved by the FDA for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in 1985; for appetite stimulation in wasting conditions, such as AIDS, in 1992, and in 2018 for treating two forms of pediatric epilepsy, Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Beyond the indications for which cannabinoids are FDA-approved, the evidence reveals that cannabinoid receptors are present throughout the body, embedded in cell membranes, and are believed to be more numerous than any other receptor system. When cannabinoid receptors are stimulated, a variety of physiologic processes ensue. Thus, other constituents of Cannabis are extremely promising either as individual compounds or their potential synergistic or entourage effects in the treatment of numerous medical conditions.

New materials and manufacturing techniques are emerging with potential to address the challenges associated with the manufacture of pharmaceutical systems that will teach new tricks to old drugs. 3D printing (3DP) is a technique that can used for the manufacturing of dosage forms, and especially targeting paediatric and geriatric formulations, as permits the fabrication of high degrees of complexity with great reproducibility, in a fast and cost-effective fashion, and offers a new paradigm for the direct manufacture of personalised dosage forms. The book is covering the basics behind each additive manufacturing (AM) method, current applications in pharmaceutics for each 3DP method, and case studies (examples) from a teaching perspective, targeting undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) students. A unique to this book is the integration of studies based upon the use of different AM technologies, which designed to reinforce importance printing parameters and material considerations. The book includes case studies or multiple-choice questions (MCQs), which allow application of the content in a flipped-classroom.