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The 29th International Conference on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors (ICANS 29) served as a continuation of the biennial conference that has been held since 1965. ICANS 29 was held from 23 to 26 August at the campus of Nanjing University-a great venue for global academic researchers, industrial partners, and policymakers to come together and share their latest progress, breakthroughs, and new ideas on a wide range of topics in the fields of amorphous and nanocrystalline thin films and other nanostructured materials, as well as device applications.It was the first time that this prestigious event was held in China, and it provided the perfect opportunity for young Chinese researchers and students to participate more actively in academic exchange as a part of the conference and become familiarized with the latest developments in the fields in which they work. And despite a one-year delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic, ICANS 29 still attracted more than 300 paper submissions from 11 countries, including both on-site and virtual oral and poster presentations, which made it truly both a global and hybrid conference.

Combustion Synthesis: Processing and Materials provides a comprehensive introduction to combustion synthesis, from fundamentals to applications. The book offers an up¿tödate reference for both researchers who have already been working on combustion synthesis and those entering this field. Focusing specifically on the materials science and engineering dimensions of combustion synthesis, the book thoroughly explores the most important processes and materials under investigation today. It offers a comprehensive overview of the field to beginners, while experienced readers will find detailed explanations and up¿tödate descriptions of the state of the art of combustion synthesis, focused on a range of vital processes and materials.

Calixarene Complexes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications II. Calixarenes have been largely exploited as ionic and neutral molecule receptors, and present an increasing number of applications in different fields.

Due to their excellent properties, polyurethane, cellulose and their composites have become widely used in previously unimagined areas. Given the fast-increasing consumption in recent years, the demand for advanced polyurethane- and cellulose-based composites is rapidly growing. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications and review articles focusing on innovations in polyurethane- and cellulose-based materials, including material synthesis, modification and engineering.

This Special Issue, "Innovative Nanomaterial Properties and Applications in Chemistry, Physics, Medicine, or Environment", focused on (i) the synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, or nanofibers; (ii) nanostructures (graphene, zeolites, membrane, etc.), coatings, and thin films; (iii) the correlation between the chemical composition, morphology, surface, and magnetic properties of nanostructured materials; (iv) the thermal behaviour of ceramic pigments with applications in glazes; (v) nanomaterials for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis; (vi) nanomaterials for water purification; (vii) nanomaterials for the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants; and (viii) nanomaterials for biosensing and biomedical applications. This Special Issue includes 12 original research papers and highlights the development of synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials and nanostructures of different natures with various applications in chemistry, physics, medicine, biology, and the environment.

Functional polymer composites are showing increasing potential as materials in chemistry and materials science. Polymer composites, including nanocomposites, are made via the incorporation of fillers in polymer matrices and offer many advantages. The properties of polymer composites are further improved via the surface modification of fillers or the matrix phase. Currently, there is an increasing demand for smart materials based on eco-friendly polymers for a wide variety of applications. Therefore, functional polymer composites are essential for the development of new technologies. This reprint aims to conduct rigorous research focused on innovative smart materials that make significant contributions to nanotechnology.

Rapid advances in technologies around the globe necessitate the development of new materials, nanostructures, and multicomponent composites with specific chemical and physical properties that can meet the requirements of modern technologies. Using appropriate synthetic approaches is crucial for the preparation of inorganic materials with designed microstructure and properties. Among the different technologies currently available, the sol-gel method is very well known for its versatility, simplicity, and time- and cost-efficiency. The mix of starting materials on an atomic level provides high homogeneity and stoichiometry in the products, facilitating the fabrication of high-quality materials at low temperatures. The versatility of the sol-gel method allows for the development of materials for a wide range of applications in electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, and many other areas. The scope of this Special Issue of Materials, entitled "Sol-Gel Technology Applied to Materials Science: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications", focuses on, but is not limited to, the preparation, characterization, and application of functional inorganic materials, as well as hybrid materials, which are important in the field of catalysis, electronics, optics, biomedicine, etc.

It is crucial that we strengthen existing structures worldwide, especially in earthquake-prone areas. Recent earthquakes have highlighted the inadequacy of many existing structures, which have been damaged from previous powerful earthquakes and have been designed without code provisions or according to old code provisions that are now obsolete. Furthermore, the majority of existing buildings in low- and middle-income countries have been constructed using substandard materials and without application of code provisions; therefore, the structural vulnerability in these areas is highly concerning.Recently, there has been enormous development in novel construction materials that could be effectively utilised to protect existing structures and to enhance structural resilience. This Special Issue provides an overview of the latest scientific advancements in the development of novel technologies for durable earthquake-resistant Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures. These studies are focused on the development and application of innovative repair and strengthening techniques using novel composite and high-performance materials for the structural performance improvement and improved durability of existing RC structures.

This Special Issue covers preparations, measurements, devices, and applications based on thermoelectric nanomaterials and summarizes the latest developments towards highly efficient thermoelectric nanomaterials and thermoelectric devices.

Graphene and graphene oxide are widely applied as successful sorbent materials for various compounds obtained from biosamples and surface water samples. Therefore, they are suitable for future use in numerous biomedical and environmental applications.Moreover, their functionalization with magnetic nanoparticles can lead to magnetic sorbents, thus allowing convenient sample treatment via magnetic separation.To date, a plethora of graphene and graphene oxide materials have been synthesized and successfully employed for solid-phase extraction of organic compounds from environmental and biological samples. The unique properties of these materials enrich the analytical toolbox available for the analysis of various organic compounds in various matrices and make them precise and valuable means for handling analytical and environmental issues.This Special Issue was supported by the Sample Preparation Study Group and Network, supported by the Division of Analytical Chemistry of the European Chemical Society.Eleven manuscripts, namely seven research articles, three reviews and one communication are included in this SI.

The efficient ecodesign of secondary raw materials from recycled multiphase polymer systems is performed through the study of various things, such as:The compatibility of mixtures of recycled polymers where work on knowledge of the miscibility of mixtures depends on the different rates and the nature of the constituents;The aging of recycled polymers in terms of the structuring of end-of-life polymers, which may have changed their starting structure due to degradation or aging;The compatibility of mixtures of polymers recycled by additive treatments and/or reactive pre-treatments and integration of coupling agents or reactants in situ at the interface of the mixtures; this compatibility can be linked beforehand to reactive pre-treatments (plasma, corona, heat/chemical treatments) on each of the phases.The selection of these three themes follows a study cycle logic on the development of formulations of blends of recycled polymers, in which compatibilization affects the morphology and therefore the miscibility of blends of polymers in relation to their structure.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive testing (NDT) have gained significant importance for civil, mechanical, aerospace, and offshore structures. Nowadays, we can find SHM and NDT applications being used on various structures with very different requirements. However, the practical implementation of strategies for the detection of structural damage to real structures outside of laboratory conditions is always one of the most demanding tasks for engineers. Moreover, the processing and interpretation of the massive amount of data generated through the long-term monitoring of large and complex structures (e.g., bridges, buildings, ships, aircrafts, wind turbines, pipes, etc.) has become an emerging challenge that needs to be addressed by the community. This Topic brings together the most established as well as newly emerging SHM and NDT approaches that can be used for the detection and evaluation of defects and damage development in large-scale or full-scale structures. After a strict peer-review process, 44 papers were published, which represent the most recent progress of SHM and NDT methods/techniques for aerospace, civil, mechanical, and offshore infrastructures.

This Special Issue compiles11 research papers published in the field of forestry and wood processing technology. In particular, this Special Issue highlights the research on timber saw, biomass and waste from resinous branches, forest by-products, log exploitation, the primary processing of round wood in timber with a band saw, the quality of exploited wood, and the role of the forest and forest ecosystem on the environment. Regarding wood science processes, this Special Issue presents works on cutting round wood in timber and veneers, technology 4.0, the manufacture of furniture and musical instruments, acoustical properties, wood biomass, including briquettes and pellets, thermochemical treatments of wood and pellets, finishing processes, and the restoration of cultural heritage objects using classical technologies and chemical materials. A lot of material waste was used to obtain better composites or chemical substances to obtain wood-based composites with better properties and low-level formaldehyde emission.

Industrial Inorganic Chemistry adds to the previously published graduate level textbooks on Industrial Chemistry by Mark A. Benvenuto. It focuses specifically on inorganic processes, from the largest industrial process for the production of major inorganic chemicals and metals, down to and including smaller niche processes that have become extremely important in maintaining the current quality of life. The book provides a survey on the production of essential elements and compounds, such as sulfuric acid, calcium carbonate, fertilizers as well as numerous metals and alloys. In addition to the fundamental scientific principles each chapter includes discussions on the environmental impacts: mining of raw materials, creation of by-products, pollution, and waste generation, all of which have become key factors for the potential implementation of greener methods. The author also highlights ways in which industry has begun to make industrial inorganic processes more environmentally benign. Examines major inorganic chemistry processes, their effect on every-day life and current efforts to improve processes or adapt "green" chemical production. Provides didactic links between theoretical lecture contents and current, largescale chemical processes. Valuable for students of Inorganic Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science.

The purpose of this Special Issue was to host research and review papers on the past, present, and future of radiochemical synthesis. The Special Issue contains nine original research papers and two reviews within the area of radiochemistry. These address how and why a certain radioactive compound has been prepared, how a radioactive compound has taken our understanding of a biological system to a different level, how a radiopharmaceutical can be used for treatment, and/or how a radioactive compound has improved our understanding of a certain drug (binding pattern and/or metabolization of the drug).

The purpose of this Special Issue is to bring together research and review papers that use radiopharmaceuticals in drug development. Labeling a potential drug with a radionuclide for imaging and injecting radiopharmaceuticals into animals or humans can immediately provide information about the in vivo destiny of the compound through the application of PET or SPECT scanners. Radionuclides can be useful throughout the whole process of developing new drugs; in particular, if the results obtained are negative and the potential drug can be discarded early on in the process, considerable effort and money can be saved. An alternative way to obtain information about the in vivo destiny/effect of a potential drug is to imagine, for example, a target organ or a tumor with radiopharmaceuticals before and after treatment with a drug. Determining how a drug is metabolized is an integrated part of drug development. Labeling a drug with a radionuclide and providing it with a radioactive tag can help in subsequently determining its location and quantifying metabolites. If the metabolites can be extracted, the solutions can be examined through analytical measurements. Using ionizing radiation in the treatment of tumors is also an application for radiopharmaceuticals which is expected to expand greatly in the years to come. By labeling a specific compound with a radionuclide used for diagnostics we can establish whether it accumulates in the tumor. The same compound is thereafter combined with a radionuclide for treatment.This Special Issue contains seven original research papers, one communication, and two reviews.

The purpose of this Special Issue was to host research and review papers on Radiopharmaceuticals in line with the three previous Special Issues that I have Guest Edited for Molecules. This subject may vary from radioactive isotope production, the synthesis of precures, radioactive labeling reactions, to the purification of radiopharmaceuticals to quality control and regulatory efforts, which are required prior to using radiopharmaceuticals in humans. This Special Issue contains 17 original research papers, 1 communication, 5 reviews, and 1 editorial review all within the area of radiochemistry.

This book collects articles published in a Special Issue of Molecules entitled "Organic Synthesis via Transition Metal-Catalysis". Transition metal catalysis is a powerful methodology for the direct synthesis of functionalized, high value-added molecules by the assembly of simple units in one step, and is acquiring increasing importance in modern organic synthesis. The book presents seven papers overall, two reviews and five original research articles, dealing with Pd-catalyzed arylation, Rh-catalyzed synthesis of organosulfur compounds, Rh-catalyzed reductive hydroformylation, V-catalyzed oxidation of hydrocarbons, and Zn-, Pd- and Rh-catalyzed cyclization processes, leading to heterocyclic derivatives.

This reprint provides the most recent advancements and trends in the analysis of cultural heritage samples, including archaeological and bio-archaeological samples, confirming the growing public and academic interest in this field. The submitted papers cover different aspects of cultural and archaeological heritage protection, conservation, and restoration. The complexity of such samples, including archaeological samples, generally requires a multi-analytical approach. The integrated use of different analytical techniques, with the preference for noninvasive or micro-invasive ones, allows an in-depth understanding of the original materials and their degradation processes and helps obtain innovative solutions for the restoration and conservation of artworks.

This book covers cadmium contamination of soil and plants, its sources, acute and long-term impacts on the environment and human health, and overall challenges posed by the global poisoning issue. Cadmium is among the elements that have been most broadly used by man over time, which has led to extensive pollution of surface soils, mainly associated with the mining and smelting of the metal and the addition of organic cadmium compounds to petrol. The release of cadmium into the atmosphere from various high-temperature processes has also led to surface contamination on a regional and even global scale. Cadmium is particularly firmly bound to humic matter in organic-rich soil and to iron oxides in mineral soil and is rather immobile in the soil unless present at very high concentrations. Plants grown on cadmium-rich soils incorporate cadmium, thus increasing the concentration of cadmium in crop plants. Cadmium thus enters the food chain through the consumption of plant material, whichposes important health risks to humans and animals. In this book, readers will find out about the latest mitigation strategies, including a multi-disciplinary approach to address cadmium contamination. Recent methods in cadmium detoxification, speciation, and molecular mechanisms are included, and the book offers the knowledge required for efficient risk assessment, prevention, and countermeasure. Divided into 3 parts, this book brings together expert contributions on cadmium toxicity. In the first part, readers will find out about the different sources and distribution of cadmium in soil and plant ecosystems. The second part of the book outlines the health risks linked to cadmium toxicity, and in the final part, readers will discover sustainable cadmium toxicity mitigation strategies and potential applications of recent biological technology in providing solutions. This book is a valuable resource for students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionalsdoing fieldwork on cadmium contamination throughout the world.

Energy storage and conversion technologies represent key research and industrial interests, given the proportionate growth of renewable energy sources. Extraordinary advancements in energy storage and conversion technologies are inextricably linked to the development of new materials. This Special Issue focuses on the most recent advances and findings in developing innovative energy storage and conversion technologies. It contains original research articles and reviews on the design, synthesis, characterization, energy storage mechanisms, and application of various materials for energy storage and conversion.

This Reprint is dedicated to the memory of Enrique Pedroso, Professor Emeritus of Organic Chemistry at University of Barcelona, who passed away at the age of 72 on September 2020. Professor Enrique Pedroso has been one of the pioneers of Nucleic Acids Chemistry in Spain, significantly contributing to the development of this highly interdisciplinary field which combines organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, materials chemistry, and biophysics. His major research achievements were accomplished in the synthesis of modified oligonucleotides and especially conjugates and cyclic oligonucleotides, as well as their analogues, which opened up new avenues in the search for novel applications of oligonucleotides.This Reprint comprises a collection of research or review articles prepared by international experts in Nucleic Acids, including nucleoside and oligonucleotide synthesis, nucleic acids structural studies, DNA repair, and biophysical characterization of DNA-targeting ligands, especially G-quadruplex binding drugs.

This Special Issue includes ten papers by 45 authors, including excellent cutting-edge research from Japan. Looking at the papers reported here, Japan's liquid crystalline research is a global pioneer within this field. It is clear that Japanese liquid crystalline research will further develop in the future.

Non-ferrous metals and alloys are essential resources for the development of modern industries. With the depletion of natural minerals, non-ferrous metal recovery from metallurgical residues attracts researchers from multidisciplinary areas. Ideas for new recovery routes reduce pressure on natural resources and the environment, thus benefiting better manufacturing sustainability. This Special Issue primarily considers papers focused on the theoretical and engineering aspects of processing metal recovery from metallurgical residues.

This Special Issue reprint highlights seventy years since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1952 by Russian scientists LV Radushkevich and VM Lukyanovich in what was then the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the USSR. It also reflects the popularization by the well-known Japanese scientist S Iijima, since 1991, of carbon nanostructures, including CNTs, towards nanotechnology as a forever impactful and inspiring field. For researchers, academics, and teachers of all levels, from novice to expert to guru, the articles contained within this Special Issue are themed around sustainability from nanotechnology, pertaining to diameter measurement, rotor system molecular simulation, ultra-high tensile strength, energy, filtration via membrane distillation, environmental remediation using adsorption, ionic liquids as curing agents, biosensors and bioinspired sensors, and electrical/mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. The CNT is a legacy 1D nanomaterial, only after which was 2D graphene able to emerge.This is a global and mixed-country authorship Special Issue, with this reprint containing articles from Canada, Saudi Arabia, China, Russia, Spain, India, Japan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the USA, Germany, Turkiye, and Malaysia. The Guest Editor is from Singapore and began publishing critical work on the CNT-polymer interface towards the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite up to 20 years ago.

The effort of the Editors has received global attention. Indebtedness is due to Saha and Asif and coworkers from Canada, Joseph and Mahapatra and coworkers from Poland and India, Ramirez-Montoya and coworkers from Spain and Mexico, Mota-Panizio and coworkers from Portugal and Brazil, Izquierdo and Lopez-Coca and coworkers from Spain, Vinitnantharat and coworkers from Thailand and the UK, Roy and Fini and coworkers from India and the USA, Lawson and Luyima and coworkers from Ghana and South Korea, Fouad El Mansouri and coworkers from Morocco and Spain, and Man Zhang and Yaning Zhang and coworkers from China for the 10 scholarly research papers dealing with the synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of new carbon materials. The applications are mainly centered around environmental remediation owing to the intensity of the problem and comprise of water decontamination and the removal of heavy metals and organic compounds like tannic acid from contaminated sources. The use of biochar in agriculture for preventing nitrogen leaching for soil has also been included. Unconventional carbon-related materials like rice husk ash and carbon steel slag were also used for exotic applications.

Steroids are a large group of compounds whose structure is based on a 17-carbon skeleton, with a specific cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Natural steroids have been fine-tuned through evolution to build membranes; act as chemical messengers that regulate metabolic, immune and reproductive functions in animals and stimulate the growth of, or otherwise protect, animal organisms. The steroid core represents a suitable motive for structural modifications. Therefore, a large group of semi-synthetic steroid derivatives have occupied the attention of synthetic chemists as well as medicinal chemists due to their potential biological activity, including anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and (anti)hormonal activities.This Reprint of the Special Issue of Molecules titled "Steroid Compounds with Potential Biological Activity" is dedicated to both experimental and theoretical studies on steroid chemistry, structural biology, biosynthesis, metabolism, and pharmacology. The Issue focuses on the isolation and synthesis of steroid compounds, diverse in origin, as well as their structural characterization and identification. Published articles and reviews relate to in vitro and in silico studies of the pharmacological properties, molecular biology, biochemistry and structural biology of steroids.

Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates possessing a 3D network structure. They are widely considered to have been the leading materials of the last few decades in the fields of chemical engineering, energy sources, and environmental protection. Zeolites with various pore sizes can be obtained with different ratios of SiO2 and Al2O3, demonstrating large specific areas and strong gas adsorption. Therefore, they are commonly used for various processes, such as dehydration, gas separation and synthesis, air pollution control (H2S, SO2, and NOx decontamination), fuel conversion (electrolyte film), petroleum cracking, and others, playing the roles of a membrane, catalyst, and support.This Special Issue is dedicated to novel research and discussions on zeolites, with a focus on, but not limited to, the following: (1) Fundamental research on mechanisms of the formation of pores for zeolites; (2) Zeolites used as the membrane, catalyst, and support; (3) Theoretical simulation and machine learning research for zeolites; (4) Novel applications for zeolites; (5) Related porous materials

Often, a project's sustainability is centred on building services and energy, but we need to have a comprehensive view of how we integrate deeper sustainability. Traditionally, we have neglected embodied carbon generated during building construction, which has led to significant carbon emissions over the last few decades, causing global warming and other related problems. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect the results of research and practice experiences in sustainable building structures, made from steel, concrete, timber, and other composite materials. Dr Roy and Dr Ananthi warmly invited authors to submit their papers for potential inclusion in this Special Issue of "Sustainable construction using steel, concrete, timber, and other composite materials", in the journal of Journal of Composites Science.

This Special Issue provides an update on the state of the art and current trends in polymeric drug delivery systems specifically designed for improving drug bioavailability. The multiple contributions received further strengthen the role of polymers in modern drug delivery and targeting, illustrating the different approaches possible and unveiling what the future may bring.