Uorganisk kemi

The effort of the Editors has received global attention. Indebtedness is due to Saha and Asif and coworkers from Canada, Joseph and Mahapatra and coworkers from Poland and India, Ramirez-Montoya and coworkers from Spain and Mexico, Mota-Panizio and coworkers from Portugal and Brazil, Izquierdo and Lopez-Coca and coworkers from Spain, Vinitnantharat and coworkers from Thailand and the UK, Roy and Fini and coworkers from India and the USA, Lawson and Luyima and coworkers from Ghana and South Korea, Fouad El Mansouri and coworkers from Morocco and Spain, and Man Zhang and Yaning Zhang and coworkers from China for the 10 scholarly research papers dealing with the synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of new carbon materials. The applications are mainly centered around environmental remediation owing to the intensity of the problem and comprise of water decontamination and the removal of heavy metals and organic compounds like tannic acid from contaminated sources. The use of biochar in agriculture for preventing nitrogen leaching for soil has also been included. Unconventional carbon-related materials like rice husk ash and carbon steel slag were also used for exotic applications.

Steroids are a large group of compounds whose structure is based on a 17-carbon skeleton, with a specific cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Natural steroids have been fine-tuned through evolution to build membranes; act as chemical messengers that regulate metabolic, immune and reproductive functions in animals and stimulate the growth of, or otherwise protect, animal organisms. The steroid core represents a suitable motive for structural modifications. Therefore, a large group of semi-synthetic steroid derivatives have occupied the attention of synthetic chemists as well as medicinal chemists due to their potential biological activity, including anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and (anti)hormonal activities.This Reprint of the Special Issue of Molecules titled "Steroid Compounds with Potential Biological Activity" is dedicated to both experimental and theoretical studies on steroid chemistry, structural biology, biosynthesis, metabolism, and pharmacology. The Issue focuses on the isolation and synthesis of steroid compounds, diverse in origin, as well as their structural characterization and identification. Published articles and reviews relate to in vitro and in silico studies of the pharmacological properties, molecular biology, biochemistry and structural biology of steroids.

In this book, "Selenium: A Silent Warrior Against Prostate Cancer", we explore the complex and multifaceted role of selenium, an essential trace element, in the fight against prostate cancer. Selenium, although present in small quantities in our bodies, plays a crucial role in many of the body's protective functions.We begin with an introduction to selenium and its importance to human health. Next, we look in detail at how selenium can help prevent prostate cancer, how it influences the development of prostate cancer, and how it can be used in the treatment of this disease.In addition, we explore selenium's role in detoxification against heavy metals, which are sometimes cancer provoking factors. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of selenium in combinatorial therapy.Finally, we conclude with a discussion of future prospects for research into selenium and prostate cancer. The aim is to understand and exploit the potential of selenium in the fight against prostate cancer.

Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates possessing a 3D network structure. They are widely considered to have been the leading materials of the last few decades in the fields of chemical engineering, energy sources, and environmental protection. Zeolites with various pore sizes can be obtained with different ratios of SiO2 and Al2O3, demonstrating large specific areas and strong gas adsorption. Therefore, they are commonly used for various processes, such as dehydration, gas separation and synthesis, air pollution control (H2S, SO2, and NOx decontamination), fuel conversion (electrolyte film), petroleum cracking, and others, playing the roles of a membrane, catalyst, and support.This Special Issue is dedicated to novel research and discussions on zeolites, with a focus on, but not limited to, the following: (1) Fundamental research on mechanisms of the formation of pores for zeolites; (2) Zeolites used as the membrane, catalyst, and support; (3) Theoretical simulation and machine learning research for zeolites; (4) Novel applications for zeolites; (5) Related porous materials

Often, a project's sustainability is centred on building services and energy, but we need to have a comprehensive view of how we integrate deeper sustainability. Traditionally, we have neglected embodied carbon generated during building construction, which has led to significant carbon emissions over the last few decades, causing global warming and other related problems. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect the results of research and practice experiences in sustainable building structures, made from steel, concrete, timber, and other composite materials. Dr Roy and Dr Ananthi warmly invited authors to submit their papers for potential inclusion in this Special Issue of "Sustainable construction using steel, concrete, timber, and other composite materials", in the journal of Journal of Composites Science.

This Special Issue provides an update on the state of the art and current trends in polymeric drug delivery systems specifically designed for improving drug bioavailability. The multiple contributions received further strengthen the role of polymers in modern drug delivery and targeting, illustrating the different approaches possible and unveiling what the future may bring.

Aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composite materials have become the first choice to replace steel materials due to their high specific strength. The penetration rate of light alloys in new energy vehicles, the aerospace industry, and the rapid rail transit industry is increasing quickly. The reduction in energy consumption resulting from structural weight reduction is the key element for sustainable development. For example, every 100 kg reduction in car mass can save 0.6 L of fuel per 100 kilometers and reduce the emission of 800-900 g of carbon dioxide. For every 10% reduction in the weight of new energy vehicles, their range can be increased by 5.5% (for every 10 kg reduction in the weight of pure electric vehicles, their range can be increased by 2.5 km). The comprehensive proportion of aluminum alloys in automobiles will reach about 26% by 2040. The vigorous development of the automotive manufacturing industry has provided a huge application scenario for aluminum alloy profiles, aluminum alloy castings, and forgings. In addition, the use of aluminum in aerospace and high-speed rail is even more widely recognized. This Special Issue summarizes research on and the application of aluminum alloys of typical composition, including AlZnMgCu, AlCu, AlMn, and even Ti-aluminum alloys.

Since the discovery of X-ray diffraction in 1913 over 100 000 different inorganic substances (also called compounds or phases) have been structurally characterized. The aim of this reference work is to provide the researcher with a comprehensive compilation of all up to now crystallographically identified inorganic substances in only one volume. All data have been processed and critically evaluated by the "Pauling File" editorial team using a unique software package. Each substance is represented in a single row containing the following information: - Alphabetically sorted chemical elements - Standardized chemical formula - Prototype (structure type): type-defining compound, Pearson symbol, space group number - Hermann-Mauguin symbol for the space group - Unit cell dimensions- Color - Density calculated from the chemical formula and unit cell dimensions - Code indicating the level of structural studies (atom coordinates refined; no atom coordinates refined, but prototype assigned; only cell parameters determined) - Reference number

This reprint combines 11 quality review and research articles on active and intelligent food packaging polymers. We anticipate that the contributions gathered within this Special Issue not only reflect the current state of the field but also serve as a catalyst for future advancements. Together, we aim to unravel the intricacies of active and intelligent food packaging, paving the way for a safer, more sustainable, and technologically enriched future in the realm of food preservation.

The photoresponse-based zinc (II) chemosensors play important roles in several physiological functions in living systems. Due to the unique benefits of photoluminescence imaging, which include high sensitivity and non-invasiveness. It has developed into a potent instrument for the real-time monitoring of Zn2+ trafficking, distribution, and absorption. They have been focused on Zn2+ imaging via photoluminescence in biological systems, which have demonstrated the role of Zn2+ variations in physiological developments. The localization of labile Zn2+ pools as well as the temporal-spatial distribution of labile Zn2+. It has been successful improvements in photoluminescence techniques including fluorescence microscopy and luminescence optical imaging systems.

Le premier chapitre du livre présente une introduction générale aux dérivés d'organosélénium et d'organotellurium, ainsi que les développements récents dans ce domaine. Le deuxième chapitre du livre décrit la purification des solvants organiques courants, la synthèse et la caractérisation d'une série de diséléniures de diaryle et de ditellurides de diaryle. Le troisième chapitre du livre décrit la synthèse et la caractérisation d'une série de sélénoéthers. Le quatrième chapitre du livre traite de la synthèse et de la caractérisation de dérivés cycliques et acycliques du tellure(IV). Enfin, le cinquième chapitre décrit la synthèse et l'étude aux rayons X d'un bis-2,4,6-triméthylphényl ditelluride.

No primeiro capítulo do livro, descreve-se a introdução geral dos derivados de organosselénio e organotelúrio, bem como o desenvolvimento recente de organosselénio e organotelúrio. No segundo capítulo do livro, descreve-se a purificação dos solventes orgânicos comuns, a síntese e a caraterização de uma série de disselenetos de diarilo e diteluretos de diarilo. No terceiro capítulo do livro, são descritas a síntese e a caraterização de uma série de selenoéteres. O quarto capítulo do livro trata da síntese e caraterização de derivados cíclicos e acíclicos do telúrio(IV). Finalmente, no quinto capítulo, descreve-se a síntese e os estudos de raios X de um cristal único de bis-2,4,6-trimetilfenil ditelureto.

Nel primo capitolo del libro viene descritta l'introduzione generale dei derivati dell'organoselenio e dell'organotellurio, nonché i recenti sviluppi dell'organoselenio e dell'organotellurio. Nel secondo capitolo del libro vengono descritti la purificazione dei comuni solventi organici, la sintesi e la caratterizzazione di una serie di diseleniuri diarilici e ditelluridi diarilici. Nel terzo capitolo del libro vengono descritte la sintesi e la caratterizzazione di una serie di selenoeteri. Il quarto capitolo del libro tratta la sintesi e la caratterizzazione di derivati ciclici e aciclici del tellurio(IV). Infine, nel quinto capitolo, vengono descritti la sintesi e gli studi ai raggi X su cristallo singolo di un bis-2,4,6-trimetilfenil ditelluride.

The Special Issue "Recycled Materials in Civil Engineering Application" aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of new ecologically friendly materials containing recycled materials or waste that could be used in specific engineering applications. Using waste and materials obtained through recycling is a key part of decreasing current waste. In concrete and other composite materials, recycled materials such as plastics, steel and other metals, ash, glass, ceramics, and industrial wastes see the most use. The application of recycled materials or waste to the production of new materials is consistent with the idea of sustainable construction. Using recycled materials to synthesize composite materials saves the use of natural resources and has a positive influence on environmental protection. Unfortunately, the production of composite materials containing waste, by-products, or recycled materials requires a substantial amount of research, and is a very relevant issue for materials engineers and chemists. For this reason, in this Special Issue we publish the latest research results in the field of the synthesis of composite materials, in particular cement-based composites and their physicochemical and mechanical properties, as well as their impact on the natural environment.

Recently, the construction industry has shown great interest in the use of a variety of industrial by-products and waste, as well as used consumer products. The Special Issue "Recycled Materials for Concrete and Other Composites" presents the results of the latest research on the synthesis of composite materials produced using various types of waste materials, in particular, mortars and concretes, and their physicochemical and mechanical properties. The topics of the published articles also cover a number of other aspects, including the efficiency of the production of composite materials containing waste materials, their resistance to corrosion, the interactions of wastes and plasticizers, and the leaching of metal ions from the produced composites. Both interesting and practical solutions and the results of laboratory tests are presented. The published research clearly shows that the use of waste and recycled materials for the production of composite materials is a key element in reducing the consumption of natural resources and the amount of waste generated, which has a positive impact on environmental protection. The topics of published scientific works are relevant for both scientists and engineers from the construction industry.

In the first chapter of the book, general introduction of organoselenium and organotellurium derivatives along with recent development of organoselenium and organotellurium are described. In the second chapter of the book, purification of the common organic solvents, synthesis and characterization of a series of diaryl diselenides and diaryl ditellurides are described. In the third chapter of the book, the synthesis and characterization of a series of selenoethers are described. The fourth chapter of the book deals with the synthesis and characterization of cyclic and acyclic tellurium(IV) derivatives are described. Finally, In the fifth chapter, synthesis and single crystal x-ray studies a bis-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl ditelluride is described.

In this thesis, the author proposes "metal-responsive base pair switching" of ligand-modified nucleobases as a novel tool for stimuli-responsive control of DNA assemblies. It is written to demonstrate broad applicability of the base pair switching in dynamic DNA nanotechnology and inspire researchers to use this technique. Based on specific interactions between ligand-type nucleobases and target metal ions, in this volume, DNA hybridization was dynamically controlled through strand displacement reactions. The base pair switching was further applied to develop metal-dependent DNA molecular machines. This novel strategy for stimuli-responsive regulation of DNA assemblies will greatly expand the scope of dynamic DNA nanotechnology. This volume uniquely features importance of elaborate molecular design based on chemistry for imparting stimuli responsiveness to DNA assemblies.

Neste livro são apresentados os aspectos gerais dos compostos de organopaládio e a metodologia disponível para obter complexos de organopaládio em vários estados de oxidação. Explicamos também o papel do ligando de pinça para isolar os complexos de paládio desejados num determinado estado de oxidação e o seu papel na catálise. Por fim, discutimos também o desenvolvimento de novos complexos de orgaopaládio com ligandos em pinça CNN através da ativação de ligações C-H e da sua catálise. Para além disso, também estudamos alguns estudos de raios X de cristal único de complexos de organopaládio.

A convenient introduction to the fast-developing areas of green synthesis of metal nanoparticles, metal oxides and metal sulphides. Suitable for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, and other researchers.

In this book we accounted general aspects of organopalladium compounds and available methodology to get organopalladium complexes in several oxidation states. We also explain the role of pincer ligand to isolate the desired palladium complexes in a particular oxidation state and its role in catalysis. Finally we also discuss the development of novel CNN pincer ligand bearing orgaopalaldium complexes through C-H bond activation and its catalysis. Along with these we also studies few single crystal X-ray studies of Organopalladium complexes.

Water chemistry, water sources, water pollutants, and microbiological contaminants are all covered in the book. The basic concepts of water chemistry are well taught. Along with stormwater management and green infrastructure, the book also examines the theoretical underpinnings of a number of water treatment and analysis procedures. Graduate and advanced undergraduate students, environmental researchers, chemists, and lab technicians who work in water and environmental laboratories could all benefi t from this book. Chemical engineers and operators are the primary target audience for the majority of books on the market, thus both technicians and chemists can gain a lot from this book.

This book consists of chapters written by international experts on various aspects of single molecule toroics (SMTs).The chapters cover a broad range of relevant topics and highlight the latest advances performed in the field. An up-to-date overview of the emerging SMT architectures is presented while particular attention is given to not only the magnetism and relaxation effects involved but also to the respective applications in advanced electronics and memory devices. The role that lanthanides play -especially that of dysprosium- is discussed, while a thorough analysis using theoretical/ab initio calculations is provided. Since SMTs have grown out of single molecule magnetism (SMM), it is an expanding and topical subject and the present book will engender excitement and interest amongst chemists, physicists, theoreticians and materials scientists. The volume will be of great interest to researchers and graduates working on this topic and particularly those involved in lanthanide chemistry, magnetism and theory. 

This book presents an in-depth exploration of complex metal oxides, focusing on their applications in photocatalysis and biomedical materials. It highlights the practical importance of complex metal oxides, which have gained significant attention in recent years due to their diverse range of properties. The book specifically delves into the most representative series of compounds based on stable structural types of minerals, such as perovskite, fluorite, pyrochlore, corundum, and rutile. It also emphasizes the scientific interest in the pyrochlore mineral structure, which has been shown to exhibit photocatalytic activity.Recent studies have revealed that some compounds with the pyrochlore structure can act as promising candidates for photocatalysis. Additionally, the book highlights the use of photocatalysis in producing biomedical materials based on natural polymers. These materials possess a unique combination of components assembled in a specific structure, which makes them highly attractive for regenerative medicine associated with cell/tissue regeneration stimulation. Overall, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of the potential of complex metal oxides, particularly those with the pyrochlore structure, and is particularly useful for those researchers working in the fields of green chemistry and biomedical materials science.

"Functional Nanomaterials for Healthcare" is a collection showcasing cutting-edge research in advanced nanomaterials for healthcare applications. As healthcare evolves through science and innovation, these articles provide the latest insights into nanomaterial applications. Researchers have tailored nanomaterials for improved diagnostics, medical imaging, precise drug delivery, tissue engineering, and groundbreaking theranostics. This compilation, written by experts, explores advanced nanomaterial synthesis, functionalization, characterization, and diverse medical uses. Dive into this significant contribution to the field, offering a comprehensive overview of the latest innovations in healthcare nanomaterials for researchers, students, and healthcare professionals.

The Importance of Recycling Organic WasteIn today's world, where environmental concerns are at the forefront of global discussions, it is crucial for individuals from all walks of life to embrace sustainable practices. One such practice that holds immense significance is the recycling of organic waste. This subchapter will delve into the importance of recycling organic waste and how it can positively impact our environment.Organic waste refers to any material that originates from plants or animals and is biodegradable. This waste includes food scraps, yard trimmings, paper products, and even animal manure. When these materials end up in landfills, they undergo anaerobic decomposition, releasing harmful greenhouse gases such as methane. By recycling organic waste, we can divert it from landfills and harness its potential to create nutrient-rich compost.Recycling organic waste has numerous benefits, both on an individual and global scale. First and foremost, it significantly reduces the amount of waste going to landfills. According to studies, organic waste constitutes a significant portion of municipal solid waste, contributing to the ever-growing landfill crisis. By recycling organic waste, we can alleviate the strain on landfills and extend their lifespan.Furthermore, recycling organic waste through composting offers an effective solution to soil degradation and erosion. Compost is a natural fertilizer that enriches the soil with essential nutrients, improving its structure and water-holding capacity. By adding compost to gardens, farms, and green spaces, we can enhance plant growth, reduce the need for chemical fertilizers, and mitigate soil erosion.Recycling organic waste also plays a vital role in mitigating climate change. As mentioned earlier, when organic waste decomposes in landfills, it releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas. By diverting this waste from landfills and composting it instead, we can significantly reduce methane emissions. This action directly contributes to mitigating climate change and creating a more sustainable future for generations to come.Moreover, recycling organic waste fosters a sense of responsibility and environmental awareness among individuals. Engaging in composting not only reduces waste but also encourages people to be mindful of their consumption habits. It instills a sense of connection with nature and promotes sustainable living practices, which are essential for a healthier planet

The current endeavor of publishing a reprint on the astounding field of research on carbon dots has its roots in the launch of the Special Issue entitled "Catalytic methods for the synthesis of carbon nanodots and their applications". Ever since this Special Issue was launched on 29th August 2022, it has attracted great attention from researchers worldwide. Grateful thanks are due to Dr. Nimala Kumar Jangid and coworkers from India; Dr. Syed Hadi Hasan and coworkers from India; Dr. Lerato L Mokoloko and coworkers from South Africa; Dr. Siti Kastom Kamarudin and coworkers from Malaysia; Dr. Selvaraj Roomani and coworkers from India; Dr. Ahmad Umar and coworkers from India, Saudi Arabia and USA; Dr. Ramon Moreno-Tost and coworkers from Spain; Dr. Jae Hong Kim and coworkers from South Korea and Japan; Dr. Yong RokLee and coworkers from India, South Korea and UAE; and Dr. Joydeep Das from India for their scientific contributions. In a duration of 14 months, 12 state-of-the-art papers were published. Out of the 12 papers published, 4 were comprehensive reviews and 8 were original research articles. This shows the enthusiasm that this research topic has aroused globally.

This reprint consists of 12 papers, of which 2 are editorials and 10 are research papers. We hope to share the experimental and research results in this field and inspire new ideas for the design and applications of hydrogels.

In this Special Issue, seven original research articles, two review articles, and one protocol show the impact of female researchers in the field of analytical science. Analytical methods are necessary in dentistry, medicine (both human and veterinary), archaeology, the pharmaceutical industry, food science and technology, and environmental sciences, and these are only a few examples. The multidisciplinary role of chemistry is reflected in all important advances from research groups in technological progress, proving that analytical chemistry is the key issue in scientific progress. In parallel with this outstanding role of analytical chemistry in a variety of scientific fields, we would particularly like to reflect the impact of female researchers in the field of analytical chemistry in this Special Issue to serve as a motivational guide for girls and women pursuing a STEM career. Therefore, we invited well-established scientists to share the results of their research with the scientific community through this Special Issue, which aimed to compile manuscripts written or lead by women analytical chemists.

The characteristics of nanoparticles, such as their size, shape, surface morphology, crystal structure, grain boundaries, and composition, can be tuned to match the intended use. Thus, the design of nanostructured materials with a wide range of applications in the engineering, chemistry, physics, ceramics, biotechnology, biomedicine, and environmental fields represents an active area of research. Nanostructured materials are now widely used in research and industry, and their particular properties enable advanced physicochemical, electrical, thermal, catalytic, coloristic, optical, and magnetic applications.The present Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of original research articles, communications, and reviews that focus on the development, characterization, and/or applications of nanoparticles and their composites.