Uorganisk kemi

Elemental boron has attracted researchers because of its large number of allotropes, thus providing a variety of scientific aspects within physics and chemistry. Boron compounds and boron nanomaterials have also shown various polymorphs that have been investigated as functional materials for our society. The uniqueness of the boron atom is due to its high frequency of electron multi-center bonding with neighboring atoms, which is still a significant topic in theoretical and computational research. Recently, there have been reports on the realization of two-dimensional (2D) or planar boron nanomaterials, the so-called borophenes. As expected, observations of the various 2D polymorphisms have triggered a considerable number of research lines worldwide. This reprint presents a collection of such papers at the forefront. The contributed papers are transferred from the Special Issue of "New Science of Boron Allotropes, Compounds, and Nanomaterials" in the journal Molecules. The issue was launched in 2021, and it aimed to provide a forum for the dissemination of the latest information on boron allotropes, compounds, and nanomaterials.

The Special Issue "Laser Technologies in Metal-Based Materials" offers a harmonious presentation of the recent achievements in the field of laser-induced physical and chemical phenomena that have evolved into laser techniques to produce diverse functional metal materials and structures. The presented results provide new ideas for researchers, and new solutions for science-consuming manufacturing and industry.

This book focuses on both advanced metals and their alloys and the areas of physical and process metallurgy, materials science, and processing techniques. Specific areas of interest also include titanium/nickel-based superalloys, intermetallics, advanced metallic materials, nanomaterials, metal matrix composites, functional materials, related synthesis and processing techniques, finite element modelling, statistical analysis, physical/mechanical property characterization, experimental validation, and other relevant phenomena. Physical metallurgy is important in the design and optimization of advanced materials with superior physical and mechanical properties through microstructural modifications and processing techniques. The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together recent progress, novel technologies, and advanced equipment for the design and development of advanced metals and alloys and provide guidelines/benchmarks for further research in related areas. Composites, intermetallics, and nanomaterials as well as functional materials will be also included. Some of the recent advances in the field of advanced metals and alloys include novel material processing techniques, manufacturing methods and theories, microstructural characterization, modelling development, and advanced equipment. Conventional and nonconventional processes related to machining, forming, laser processing, additive/subtractive manufacturing, surface modification, and the solidification of high-performance alloys/metals are also included.

Green Fire Retardants for Polymeric Materials looks at the choice of materials and treatments for improving fire retardancy as well as green approaches to synthesising these fire retardants.

There has been significant growth in branches of industry directly related to new materials, such as metals, polymers, and composite materials. Considering the increase in material costs, it has become exceedingly important to produce lightweight constructions through the use of certified materials with appropriate mechanical properties. Many composite materials, especially in building engineering, are characterized by the use of waste materials, allowing them to meet environmental demands and often also positively affecting the performance (as well as mechanical) properties of the whole construction. A similar phenomenon has been noticed in polymers and metals, with the "ecologically friendly" factor having increasing influence in such materials. The main aim of our Special Issue is to gather novel research results concerning different materials available for all important industries-building engineering, the heavy industry, automotive, aerospace, and medicine. Such a general title has been proposed to also include different manufacturing technologies using various materials-conventional (milling, casting, forming, and turning) and novel (hybrid and additive manufacturing).

This book describes the emergence and recent advances in the design and development of rhodium complexes as therapeutic agents. Different classes of anticancer rhodium complexes with particular emphasis on ligands containing nitrogen-oxygen donor atoms are presented. Anticancer rhodium complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes are described, while half-sandwich, heterobimetallic, and multinuclear rhodium complexes are discussed. Therapeutic applications of rhodium complexes beyond cancer such as antibacterial agents or antiviral agents are also analyzed, among others. Their mechanism of action is overviewed in detail, and the authors thoroughly comment on the challenges and future outlooks of research in the development of rhodium metallodrugs. This title highlights the important research carried out in the development of therapeutic rhodium complexes and is of great interest to graduates and researchers working in the area of rhodium-based therapeutic drugs.

Our environment has been severely affected by the intensive production and use of plastics derived from fossil fuels and their uncontrolled end-of-life disposal. The return to using natural products is a characteristic of the most recent decades, and nanocellulose occupies a privileged position among these intensively studied products. Nanocellulose is obtained from cellulose, which is the most abundant natural polymer, by applying different chemical, mechanical, enzymatic and, most often, combined methods. A huge effort has been invested in the application of nanocellulose as a modifier or reinforcing agent in polymer nanocomposites. This Special Issue brings together twelve original articles and studies that contribute to our understanding of the fundamental and technological knowledge of cellulose-polymer nanocomposites. The isolation of nanocellulose from cheap sources and, especially, from agro-food industry waste is an important step to be implemented for cost reduction and environmental protection. An appropriate surface treatment of nanocellulose is a key element for achieving a good interfacial adhesion and superior properties in polymer nanocomposites. The use of more appropriate and green solvent systems for cellulose, the use of biobased plasticizers and toughening agents in nanocellulose nanocomposites, and the use of molecular dynamics simulations for the prediction of the compatibility of cellulose blends are valuable methods for expanding the application of nanocellulose.

This Special Issue, entitled the "Synthesis of Heteroaromatic Compounds", is an outstanding collection of fourteen original research papers and six review articles that discuss the advances made in both conventional and green preparatory methods, as well as the properties and applications of heteroaromatic molecules in industrial and medicinal chemistry areas of study.The collected works featured herein collate contributions from a truly international and diverse array of ninety experts in the fields of heteroaromatic compound synthesis, QSAR studies, computational chemistry and molecular docking, as well as bioactivity studies.

Dear Colleagues,Many structural metal materials work under the coupling condition of the load and corrosion environment. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the corrosion and mechanical behavior of metal structural materials. The corrosion behaviors of metals under the coupling condition of the mechanics and corrosion environment mainly include stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking, corrosion fatigue, erosion corrosion, wear corrosion, etc. From the macroscopic or microscopic point of view, these corrosion damages all involve the fracture process, and fractures are caused by environmental factors, also known as environmental fractures. Thus, this Special Issue, "Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials", will focus on the environmental fracture behavior of metal materials, including but not limited to experimental, computational, or theoretical studies on environmental corrosion fracture of high-strength metal materials.

High-energy Combustion Agents of Borohydrides covers the most recent developments in the advanced combustion agents of borohydrides.

Recently, surface-engineered and modified nanomaterials have been developed as corrosion inhibitors for different metals alloys in coating and solution phases. This book covers current emerging trends and applications in nanomaterials and nanotechnologies and their applications in corrosion prevention. It offers synthesis, surface modification for enhanced dispersibility and protection, composite formation and their anticorrosive applications.

The Focus On Middle School Chemistry Student Textbook, 3rd Edition introduces young students to the scientific discipline of chemistry. Students will learn about the history of chemistry, tools used in chemistry labs, atoms, the periodic table, molecules, chemical bonding, different types of chemical reactions, acids and bases, pH, acid-base neutralization, nutritional chemistry, pure substances and mixtures, separating mixtures, organic chemistry, polymers, proteins, DNA, and more.The Focus On Middle School Chemistry Student Textbook, 3rd Edition has 12 full-color chapters, a glossary-index, and pronunciation guides. 182 pages. Grades 5-8.

The International Explosives Conference (IEC-2022) took place in London from 22-24 June 2022 and this publication provides a record of the proceedings for the oral presentations and display posters that were showcased at the event.

The Chemistry of Complex Compounds is ideally prepared in this textbook for undergraduate chemistry students, providing both an easy and comprehensive introduction to the subject, which is relevant to examinations. It is based on proven lecture notes and assumes no basic knowledge. In addition to basic questions such as "what are complexes" and "what are organometallic compounds", the common bonding models are presented and the colour and stability of coordination compounds are explained, among other things. Other chapters cover redox reactions in complexes, the metal-metal bond, molecular magnetism, supramolecular chemistry, and bioinorganic chemistry. As a conclusion, the book gives an outlook into current research areas and trends in coordination chemistry, so that students of higher semesters and PhD students will also benefit from reading it. This includes the luminescence of complexes and selected examples of reactions catalyzed by complexes. Birgit Weber is a professor of inorganic chemistry at the University of Bayreuth. Her research focuses on coordination chemistry and ligand design for multifunctional switchable complexes.

This textbook is written to thoroughly cover the topic of introductory chemistry in detail¿with specific references to examples of topics in common or everyday life. It provides a major overview of topics typically found in first-year chemistry courses in the USA. The textbook is written in a conversational question-based format with a well-defined problem solving strategy and presented in a way to encourage readers to ¿think like a chemist¿ and to ¿think outside of the box.¿ Numerous examples are presented in every chapter to aid students and provide helpful self-learning tools. The topics are arranged throughout the textbook in a "traditional approach" to the subject with the primary audience being undergraduate students and advanced high school students of chemistry.

This textbook introduces the elementary basics of hydrochemistry with special focus on reaction equilibria in aquatic systems and their mathematical description. Topics discussed in this textbook include: structure and properties of water, concentration measures and activities, colligative properties, basics of chemical equilibria, gas-water partitioning, acid/base reactions, precipitation/dissolution, calco-carbonic equilibrium, redox reactions, complex formation, and sorption. Examples within the text as well as problems to be solved by the reader support the acquisition of knowledge. Complete and detailed solutions to the problems are given in a separate chapter.

This book offers a didactic introduction to light¿matter interactions at both the classical and semi-classical levels. Pursuing an approach that describes the essential physics behind the functionality of any optical element, it acquaints students with the broad areas of optics and photonics. Its rigorous, bottom-up approach to the subject, using model systems ranging from individual atoms and simple molecules to crystalline and amorphous solids, gradually builds up the reader¿s familiarity and confidence with the subject matter. Throughout the book, the detailed mathematical treatment and examples of practical applications are accompanied by problems with worked-out solutions. In short, the book provides the most essential information for any graduate or advanced undergraduate student wishing to begin their course of study in the field of photonics, or to brush up on important concepts prior to an examination.

The constitution of coloured glasses, the colours of glasses produced by various colouring ions and other additions are explained in this classic work. In addition, fluorescence, thermoluminescence and solarisation are also described. 1951 (print on demand 2023), 216 mm × 137 mm, 558 pages, black and white illustrations, ISBN 978-0-900682-91-9PART I THE CONSTITUTION OF COLOURED GLASSESPART II THE COLOURS OF GLASSES PRODUCED BY VARIOUS COLOURING IONSPART III THE COLOURS OF GLASSES PRODUCED BY THE NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS: SULPHUR, SELENIUM, TELLURIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND CERTAIN OF THEIR COMPOUNDSPART IV THE COLOURS PRODUCED BY METAL ATOMSPART V THE FLUORESCENCE, THERMOLUMINESCENCE AND THE SOLARISATION OF GLASS

Hermann Sicius stellt ausführlich die Elemente der siebten Nebengruppe (Mangangruppe) vor. Er zeigt, dass die Elemente dieser Gruppe, mit Ausnahme des Mangans, chemisch meist relativ reaktionsträge sind und regelmäßige Abstufungen ihrer Eigenschaften zeigen. So nehmen vom Mangan zum Rhenium Dichte, Schmelz- und Siedepunkte zu, die Reaktivität jedoch ab. Mangan findet sich als Bestandteil sehr harter Stähle, Technetium wird als Radiotherapeutikum eingesetzt, Braunstein wird in Batterien benötigt, Kaliumpermanganat als Desinfektionsmittel und Rhenium als Bestandteil ermüdungsfreier Legierungen für Turbinenschaufeln eingesetzt. Technetium war das erste Element, das nur auf künstlichem Wege erstmals dargestellt werden konnte, Rhenium ist eines der seltensten Elemente in der Erdhülle und nur Mangan kommt mit einem Anteil von 850 ppm noch relativ verbreitet vor. Bohrium wiederum, das schwerste Element der Gruppe, ist ebenfalls nur durch künstliche Prozesse (Kernfusion) zugänglich.

Many elements and inorganic compounds play an extraordinary role in daily life for numerous applications, e. g., construction materials, inorganic pigments, inorganic coatings, steel, glass, technical gases, energy storage and conversion materials, fertilizers, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, photofunctional materials, semiconductors, superconductors, soft- and hard magnets, technical ceramics, hard materials, or biomedical and bioactive materials. The present book is written by experienced authors who give a comprehensive overview on the many chemical and physico-chemical aspects related to application of inorganic compounds and materials in order to introduce senior undergraduate and postgraduate students (chemists, physicists, materials scientists, engineers) into this broad field. Volume 3 presents electronic, magnetic, biomedical, carbon- and sulfur-based materials and ceramics. Vol. 1. From Construction Materials to Technical Gases. Vol. 2. From Energy Storage to Photofunctional Materials.