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Because of the increasing demand for high-safety and low-cost energy storage devices, aqueous Zn batteries are attracting broad interests. Tremendous and increasing efforts are being dedicated to aqueous Zn batteries for better understanding the mechanism, and improving the cycle life and energy density. This book is uniquely placed to be a compendium of the state of the art by key players in the field with diverse and complementary sets of expertise. It will cover all parts of the device, including electrode design, electrolyte engineering, different battery design, flexible devices, and thermal protection. You are looking at the most comprehensive and inclusive collection of opinions and trends in the field of aqueous Zn batteries.

This book updates the latest advancements in new chemistries, novel materials and system integration of rechargeable batteries, including lithium-ion batteries and batteries beyond lithium-ion and addresses where the research is advancing in the near future in a brief and concise manner. The book is intended for a wide range of readers from undergraduates, postgraduates to senior scientists and engineers. In order to update the latest status of rechargeable batteries and predict near research trend, we plan to invite the world leading researchers who are presently working in the field to write each chapter of the book. The book covers not only lithium-ion batteries but also other batteries beyond lithium-ion, such as lithium-air, lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion, sodium-sulfur, magnesium-ion and liquid flow batteries.

Spectroscopic Measurement: An Introduction to the Fundamentals, Second Edition contains the foundational topics associated with optical spectroscopic techniques, covering the basic theory of applied spectroscopy and presenting alternative approaches to understand physical processes. Electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, molecular spectroscopy, optics, and radiation form the foundations of the field are all thoroughly covered. On top of these rest the techniques applying the fundamentals, including Emission Spectroscopy, Laser Induced Fluorescence, and Raman Spectroscopy. This comprehensive and fully updated second edition includes additional coaching and covers new material online broadening, nonlinear techniques such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, and more.Researchers not formally trained in these topics, but who apply spectroscopy in their work, will appreciate the detail contained in this book to ensure accuracy of their technique and/or to develop more sophisticated measurements.

This monograph presents the theoretical background of the industrial process for the production of Al-Si alloys in standard aluminum electrolyzers. It reviews the physical chemistry and electrochemistry of cryolite melts containing silica and focuses on analyzing the exchange reactions in Na3AlF6¿Al2O3¿SiO2 melts. It presents the kinetics and mechanism of Si(IV) electroreduction in Na3AlF6¿Al2O3¿SiO2 melts on Al cathodes while the current yields as well as industrial tests performed are discussed. The modern research trends in the field are also overviewed. Providing readers with information not easily obtained in any other single source, this book is of great interest to researchers, graduates, and professionals working in the fields of electrochemistry and technology of cryolite-based melts.

This book presents advanced theoretical and technological findings in electric and hybrid vehicle applications. It covers numerous emerging technologies in this field such as new electric machine topology, new control algorithms, new power converter designs, sophisticated energy managements, improved charging processes, new energy storage technologies and sources, wireless power transfer technologies. The book caters to not only researchers and educators in the field, but also other readers who are interested in new concepts in electric and hybrid vehicular technologies.

This book begins by introducing the basic concepts of impedance to non-specialist readers, who may have only an elementary knowledge of physics and mathematics. Mathematical concepts are explained clearly at appropriate points in a series of Theory Notes. Subsequent chapters cover RCL (resistor, capacitor, inductor) circuits before developing the key ideas behind the application of impedance spectroscopy to electrochemical systems. Circuit elements used to model electron transfer, double-layer charging and diffusion are described in detail, along with Kramers-Kronig testing of experimental data. The book explains how potentiostats and frequency-response analyzers work and evaluates a wealth of experimental data obtained either during the annual Bath impedance courses or in the laboratories of the author and his colleagues.Topics covered include not only conventional electrochemical systems, such as the rotating disc electrode and ultramicroelectrodes, but also unconventional solar cells and the application of frequency-resolved techniques in spectroelectrochemistry. Finally, the last two chapters introduce techniques based on modulation of light intensity rather than voltage or current. The book concludes with worked answers to the problems set out in earlier chapters.

This unique book is at the nexus of modern software programming practices and electrochemical process engineering. It is the authoritative text on developing open source software for many applications, including:*             fuel cells;*             electrolyzers; and*             batteries.Written by experts in the field in the open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code suite OpenFOAM, this book is intended for process engineering professionals developing practical electrochemical designs for industry, as well as researchers focused on finding tomorrow's answers today. The book covers everything from micro-scale to cell-scale to stack-scale models, with numerous illustrations and programming examples. Starting from a clear explanation of electrochemical processes and simple illustrative examples, the book progresses in complexity through a range of diverse applications. After reading this book, the reader is able to take command and control of model development as an expert. The book is aimed at all engineers and scientists with basic knowledge of calculus and programming in C++.

This book presents a collection of chapters on modern bioelectrochemistry focusing on new materials for biodevice, bioelectrosynthesis and bioenergy. The chapters cover protein engineering, semiconductors, biorecognition, graphene-based bioelectronics, bioelectrosynthesis, biofuel cells, bioinspired batteries and biophotovoltaics.

This book portrays an extensive outline of ¿functionalized nanomaterials based supercapacitor¿, including their fundamental as well as industrial-scale exploratory research. The contributed parts stretch the readers a complete report of the field of functionalized nanomaterials-based supercapacitor appropriate hypothetical standard of their structure to their execution, realization and potential application. It covers the latest system and functionalized nanomaterials for preparation, development, construction, validation and design of supercapacitor for commercial application. To best of our knowledge, there is no book available on the topic.Advanced undergraduate and graduate students can find this book a good source of knowledge and guidelines for their studies. They can find this book highly up to date, easy to use and understandable. This book is able to ease their thirst of learning of new and advanced electrochemical sensors.Moreover, the volume editors anticipate that this book is of significant interest to scientists working on the basic issues surrounding applications of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors. Because of the multidisciplinary nature of this topic, this book attracts a broad audience including chemists, materials scientists, pharmacist, biologist and chemical engineers, who are involved and interested in the future frontiers of functionalized nanomaterials-based supercapacitor sciences and technology.Overall, this book is planned to be a reference book for researchers and scientists who are searching for new and advancement in supercapacitors sciences and technology.

This book focuses on the thermal management technology of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles. It introduces the charging and discharging temperature characteristics of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles, the method for modeling heat generation of lithium-ion batteries, experimental research and simulation on air-cooled and liquid-cooled heat dissipation of lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion battery heating method based on PTC and wide-line metal film, self-heating using sinusoidal alternating current. This book is mainly for practitioners in the new energy vehicle industry, and it is suitable for reading and reference by researchers and engineering technicians in related fields such as new energy vehicles, thermal management and batteries. It can also be used as a reference book for undergraduates and graduate students in energy and power, electric vehicles, batteries and other related majors.

Describing the importance of surfactants in electrochemical investigations related to biologically and environmentally vital chemicals, this book charts the progression of highly responsive electrochemical sensors using surfactants as a modifying agent in the sensor field.

This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest modelling developments in flow batteries, as well as some new results and insights. Flow batteries have long been considered the most flexible answer to grid scale energy storage, and modelling is a key component in their development. Recent modelling has moved beyond macroscopic methods, towards mesoscopic and smaller scales to select materials and design components. This is important for both fundamental understanding and the design of new electrode, catalyst and electrolyte materials. There has also been a recent explosion in interest in machine learning for electrochemical energy technologies. The scope of the book includes these latest developments and is focused on advanced techniques, rather than traditional modelling paradigms. The aim of this book is to introduce these concepts and methods to flow battery researcher, but the book would have a much broader appeal since these methods also employed in other battery and fuel cell systems and far beyond. The methods will be described in detail (necessary fundamental material in Appendices). The book appeals to graduate students and researchers in academia/industry working in electrochemical systems, or those working in computational chemistry/machine learning wishing to seek new application areas.

This book introduces the working principle, materials, and design of seawater batteries and reviews the current state-of-the-art technologies in cells and modules.This book looks at the characteristics of seawater, then reviews the basic electrochemical processes involved in the storage of electrical charge in seawater batteries, and then discusses the development of anode, cathode, and membrane materials, and cell engineering progress. In particular, Chapter 3 contains the latest research and development results for rechargeable seawater batteries. The book has been written for a broad readership including graduate students, academic and industrial researchers working on sustainable, low-cost energy. 

This book provides a detailed analysis of recent advances in the various voltammetric techniques used to determine different analytes. It describes the basic concepts of voltammetry and its applications in a simple, easy-to-understand way. The book will suit anyone who wants to learn more about electrochemical sensors, different voltammetric methods, and their advanced applications, including undergraduate, postgraduate and research students.

This book provides fundamental electrochemical behavior and understanding of devices based on Metal Phosphates and Phosphonates. The basic concepts, properties and emerging applications of these materials as batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, sensors, biomedical and environmental are covered. Apart from conventional techniques, this book explores new aspects of synthesizing Metal Phosphates and Phosphonates.

This book introduces readers to the preparation of metal nanocrystals and its applications. In this book, an important point highlighted is how to design noble metal nanocrystals at the atomic scale for energy conversion and storage. It also focuses on the controllable synthesis of water splitting electrode materials including anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and cathode hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the atomic level by defect engineering and synergistic effect. In addition, in-situ technologies and theoretical calculations are utilized to reveal the catalytic mechanisms of catalysts under realistic operating condition. The findings presented not only enrich research in the nano-field, but also support the promotion of national and international cooperation.

This book encompasses select proceedings of NSEST-2020 and ECSIRM-2020. The volume covers advances in major areas of electrochemical science and technology and surface engineering. It covers all aspects of electrochemistry with more emphasis on corrosion. The corrosion topics include self-healing sol-gel based corrosion resistant coatings, nitric acid corrosion of stainless steel, stress corrosion cracking, etc. Few chapters are focused on electrodeposition and new materials for oxygen evolution catalysts, fuel cells and batteries. The chapters on molecularly imprinted polymer sensor for dual analytes, electrochemical sensors for lead ions and dopamine, etc., are of interest. Some papers are related to the green synthesis of nanosized oxides and superhydrophobic coatings. This book will be handy and beneficial to researchers, students, and professionals working in areas related to electrochemistry and surface engineering.

This book will cover all the major ion-battery groups and their electrolytes. It is suitable for all levels of students and researchers who want to understand the fundamentals and future challenges of developing electrolytes.

This book presents a collection of chapters on modern bioelectrochemistry, showing different aspects of materials and electrode processes. The chapters cover biomimetics, bioelectrocatalysis, large-scale biodevices manufacturing, organic semiconductors for biorecognition, biofunctionalization, conducting polymers, carbon-based materials and 3D printed bioelectrochemical devices. They provide relevant bibliographic information for researchers and students interested in biomimetics applied in electrochemistry with impact in bioelectrocatalysis, large-scale deposition techniques applied to biodevices manufacturing and organic semiconductors as support material for electrochemical biorecognition. This book also presents insights on advantages and properties of biofunctionalization, conducting polymers with carbon-based materials in biosensors applications and progress on 3D printed electrochemical devices for sensing and biosensing of biomarkers.

This edited volume, with contributions from the Computer Aided Engineering for Batteries (CAEBAT) program, provides firsthand insights into nuances of implementing battery models in actual geometries. It discusses practical examples and gaps in our understanding, while reviewing in depth the theoretical background and algorithms. Over the last ten years, several world-class academics, automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), battery cell manufacturers and software developers worked together under an effort initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy to develop mature, validated modeling tools to simulate design, performance, safety and life of automotive batteries. Until recently, battery modeling was a niche focus area with a relatively small number of experts. This book opens up the research topic for a broader audience from industry and academia alike. It is a valuable resource for anyone who works on battery engineering but has limited hands-on experience with coding.

This book introduces the recent development in Japan of diamond electrodes, which has attracted much attention in the world. For example, electrochemical sensors using diamond electrodes are now being utilized commercially. Newly developing applications such as electrochemical organic synthesis including CO2 reduction are also expected to form an important future technology. Those emerging applications to various fields which are receiving increasing attention are described in detail here.This book is useful not only for students who would like to begin their study of diamond electrodes but also for industries that are exploring novel electrochemical applications.

This brief book introduces the Poisson-Boltzmann equation in three chapters that build upon one another, offering a systematic entry to advanced students and researchers. Chapter one formulates the equation and develops the linearized version of Debye-Hückel theory as well as exact solutions to the nonlinear equation in simple geometries and generalizations to higher-order equations. Chapter two introduces the statistical physics approach to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. It allows the treatment of fluctuation effects, treated in the loop expansion, and in a variational approach. First applications are treated in detail: the problem of the surface tension under the addition of salt, a classic problem discussed by Onsager and Samaras in the 1930s, which is developed in modern terms within the loop expansion, and the adsorption of a charged polymer on a like-charged surface within the variational approach. Chapter three finally discusses the extension of Poisson-Boltzmann theory to explicit solvent. This is done in two ways: on the phenomenological level of nonlocal electrostatics and with a statistical physics model that treats the solvent molecules as molecular dipoles. This model is then treated in the mean-field approximation and with the variational method introduced in Chapter two, rounding up the development of the mathematical approaches of Poisson-Boltzmann theory. After studying this book, a graduate student will be able to access the research literature on the Poisson-Boltzmann equation with a solid background.

This book focuses on the creation and demonstration of a carbon¿carbon (C¿C) single bond beyond 1.8 Å and on elucidation of its unique nature. C¿C single bond is one of the most fundamental concepts in organic chemistry. The elucidation of its nature is important for further understanding chemical phenomena. The nature in the extreme state of C¿C single bond is still unexplored because of the instability of compounds. In terms of its bond length, the limit had been predicted around 1.8 Å based on the experimental and theoretical studies. This book describes a first example of a C¿C single bond beyond 1.8 Å by employing the original intramolecular core-shell strategy to make a weak and elongated bond stable enough. The presence of such an elongated bond was demonstrated by experimental and theoretical studies. The bond length changes could affect physical properties such as optical absorption and redox potential. Furthermore, its unique "flexibility" was discovered. This book benefits the chemists with deeper understanding of the covalent bonding.

This book presents the latest advances in rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries and provides a guide for future developments in this field. Novel electrode compositions and architectures as well as innovative cell designs are needed to make Li-S technology practically viable. Nowadays, several challenges still persist, such as the shuttle of lithium polysulfides and the poor reversibility of lithium-metal anode, among others. However over the past several years significant progress has been made in the research and development of Li-S batteries. This book addresses most aspects of Li-S batteries and reviews the topic in depth. Advances are summarized and guidance for future development is provided. By elevating our understanding of Li-S batteries to a high level this may inspire new ideas for advancing this technology and making it commercially viable. This book is of interest to the battery community and will benefit graduate students and professionals working in this field

This book presents photo-driven seawater splitting technologies for hydrogen production. This technology is considered as a win¿win interplay for both the utilization of solar energy as the most renewable energy and seawater as the most hydrogen source. The book also discusses topics from raw materials selection, characterization and mechanistic insights to the latest research developments in response to the need for environmentally friendly and low-carbon industries. In addition, it provides insights into a most attractive energy-conversion and storage cascade by combining solar energy and a hydrogen system. Given its scope, this book appeals to a broad readership, particularly professionals at universities and scientific research institutes, as well as practitioners in industry.