Krystallografi

With a focus on advances in metal matrix composite (MMC) fabrications from a theoretical and experimental perspective, this book describes the recent development for the manufacturing of MMCs, various processing methods and parameters, mechanical properties, and synthesis of MMCs composites.

The self-contained properties of discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) render them powerful functional materials for many semiconducting device applications and models for energy and charge migration in self-organized dynamic functional soft materials. The past three decades have seen tremendous interest in this area, fueled primarily by the possibility of creating a new generation of organic semiconductors and wide viewing displays using DLCs. While a number of books on classical calamitic liquid crystals are available, there are, as yet, no books that are dedicated exclusively to the basic design principles, synthesis, and physical properties of DLCs.The first reference book to cover DLCs, Chemistry of Discotic Liquid Crystals: From Monomers to Polymers highlights the chemistry and thermal behavior of DLCs. Divided into six chapters, each with a general description, background, and context for the concepts involved, the book begins with a basic introduction to liquid crystals, describing molecular self-assembly and various types of liquid crystals. It outlines their classification, covers their history and general applications, and focuses on DLCs and their discovery, structure, characterization, and alignment.The book goes on to examine the chemistry and physical properties of various monomeric DLCs, including 25 sections describing the synthesis and mesomorphic properties of monomeric DLCs formed by different cores. The bulk of the book covers the chemistry and mesomorphism of discotic dimers, oligomers, and polymers and concludes with a look at some applicable properties of DLCs.A comprehensive and up-to-date resource, this book is designed to be accessible and of value not just for students and researchers but also to the directors and principal investigators working in this field, providing the foundation and fuel to advance this fast-growing technological field.

With the rapid advancements in polymer research, polymers are finding newer applications such as scaffolds for tissue engineering, wound healing, flexible displays, and energy devices. In the same spirit, this book covers the key features of recent advancements in polymeric materials and their specialty applications. Divided into two sections - Polymeric Biomaterials and Polymers from Sustainable Resources, and Polymers for Energy and Specialty Applications - this book covers biopolymers, polymer-based biomaterials, polymer-based nanohybrids, polymer nanocomposites, polymer-supported regenerative medicines, and advanced polymer device fabrication techniques.FEATURESProvides a comprehensive review of all different polymers for applications in tissue engineering, biomedical implants, energy storage or conversion, and so forthDiscusses advanced strategies in development of scaffolds for tissue engineeringElaborates various advanced fabrication techniques for polymeric devicesExplores the nuances in polymer-based batteries and energy harvestingReviews advanced polymeric membranes for fuel cells and polymers for printed electronics applicationsThrows light on some new polymers and polymer nanocomposites for optoelectronics, next generation tires, smart sensors and stealth technology applicationsThis book is aimed at academic researchers, industry personnel, and graduate students in the interdisciplinary i elds of polymer and materials technology, composite engineering, biomedical engineering, applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and advanced polymer manufacturing.

Supercapacitors are energy storing devices, gaining great scientific attention due to their excellent cycling life, charge-discharge stability, energy, and power density. The central theme of this book is to review the multiple applications of polymer nanocomposites in supercapacitors in a comprehensive manner, including discussions pertaining to various unresolved issues and new challenges in the subject area. It illustrates polymer nanocomposite preparation and working mechanisms as electrodes, binders, separators, and electrolytes. This edited volume also explains different components of supercapacitors, including theory, modelling, and simulation aspects.Features:Covers the synthesis and properties of polymer nanocomposites for varied usage.Explains roles of different types of nanofillers in polymeric systems for developing supercapacitors.Highlights theory, modelling, and simulation of polymeric supercapacitors.Gives an illustrative overview of the multiple applications of polymers and their nanocomposites.Includes graphene, CNT, nanoparticle, carbon, and nano-cellulose-based supercapacitors.This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials science, polymer science, polymer physics, electrochemistry, electronic materials, energy management, electronic engineering, polymer engineers, and chemical engineering.

*Shortlisted for the 2019 Royal Society Insight Investment Science Book Prize* One of the most fascinating scientific detective stories of the last fifty years, an exciting quest for a new form of matter. “A riveting tale of derring-do” (Nature), this book reads like James Gleick’s Chaos combined with an Indiana Jones adventure.When leading Princeton physicist Paul Steinhardt began working in the 1980s, scientists thought they knew all the conceivable forms of matter. The Second Kind of Impossible is the story of Steinhardt’s thirty-five-year-long quest to challenge conventional wisdom. It begins with a curious geometric pattern that inspires two theoretical physicists to propose a radically new type of matter—one that raises the possibility of new materials with never before seen properties, but that violates laws set in stone for centuries. Steinhardt dubs this new form of matter “quasicrystal.” The rest of the scientific community calls it simply impossible. The Second Kind of Impossible captures Steinhardt’s scientific odyssey as it unfolds over decades, first to prove viability, and then to pursue his wildest conjecture—that nature made quasicrystals long before humans discovered them. Along the way, his team encounters clandestine collectors, corrupt scientists, secret diaries, international smugglers, and KGB agents. Their quest culminates in a daring expedition to a distant corner of the Earth, in pursuit of tiny fragments of a meteorite forged at the birth of the solar system. Steinhardt’s discoveries chart a new direction in science. They not only change our ideas about patterns and matter, but also reveal new truths about the processes that shaped our solar system. The underlying science is important, simple, and beautiful—and Steinhardt’s firsthand account is “packed with discovery, disappointment, exhilaration, and persistence...This book is a front-row seat to history as it is made” (Nature).