Bioetik

This book updates readers with all the tools, techniques, and concepts needed to understand and implement data security systems. It presents a wide range of topics for a thorough understanding of the factors that affect the efficiency of secrecy, authentication, and digital signature schema. The author contributed to the design and analysis of the Data Encryption Standard (DES), a widely used symmetric-key encryption algorithm. Security in Computing book, offers timely coverage of all aspects of computer security, including users, software, devices, operating systems, networks, and data. Reflecting rapidly evolving attacks, countermeasures, and computing environments. In brief in includes elementary cryptography, encryption, VPN, threats, virus, data recovery, program security, security in networks, security in database, security models and standards. This book is prepared for easy understanding of the learners about the basic concepts and the security.

This volume reviews the broad topic of welfare in nonhuman primates under human care. Chapters detail the history of primates in captivity, ethical and legal issues surrounding the use of nonhuman primates as entertainment or in research, the different approaches that welfare are measured, and how housing, enrichment, and other conditions can foster or degrade welfare.Since humans began keeping nonhuman primates we have made vast strides in understanding their cognitive abilities, strong social bonds, vibrant personalities, and their capacity for joy and suffering. With an increasing number of countries banning the use of great apes in biomedical research, the welfare of primates in zoos and research facilities has gained increasing attention. This interdisciplinary work features contributors from many of the fields involved and those on both sides of the issue, thus providing an exhaustive overview of primate welfare.Readers from animal welfare science, primatology, animal testing, veterinary medicine, conservation to ethics and legislation will find this an important account.

Der Einsatz neuer biotechnologischer Verfahren, wie der der Genom-Editierung, hat die Debatte um die ethische Zulässigkeit einer gentechnischen Veränderung von Tieren neu entflammt. Die Motivation zu genomeditorischen Züchtungsvorhaben ist, so wie bei ¿konventionellen¿ Vorhaben auch, zumeist produktions- und leistungsorientiert. Es gibt vereinzelt aber auch Vorhaben, die darauf abzielen, dem tierlichen Wohl zugutezukommen. Dieser Zusammenhang des ¿Tierwohls durch Genom-Editierung¿ wirft einige Forschungsfragen auf: Wodurch sind die Verfahren der Genom-Editierung in der Nutztierzucht überhaupt charakterisiert? Wie lässt sich das Anwendungsspektrum von genomeditorischen Nutztier-Zuchtvorhaben, die das tierliche Wohl befördern sollen, genauer beschreiben? Ist das Wohlergehen ¿zukünftiger Tiere¿ überhaupt von moralischer Relevanz (Problem der Nicht-Identität)? Sind genomeditorische Zuchtvorhaben möglicherweise generell abzulehnen, weil sie die Integritätder betroffenen Tiere verletzen? Wie sind genomeditorische Zuchtvorhaben, die das Wohl von landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren befördern sollen, aus tierwohltheoretischer Perspektive zu beurteilen? Wie ¿ falls überhaupt ¿ lassen sich Handlungen rechtfertigen, die zwar einerseits zur Perpetuierung einer moralisch problematischen Praxis beitragen, andererseits aber in bestimmter Hinsicht gegenüber dieser problematischen Praxis eine Verbesserung bedeuten? Antworten auf diese Fragen stellt dieses Buch bereit.

This book provides an in-depth ethical analysis of the right to health care by contrasting privatized with socialized approaches. It pays special attention to how a socialized approach can be implemented in the context of limited resources and offers a way of integrating allocation decisions at the policy level with institutional and hands-on decision-making. It also discusses how the right to health care translates into duties on part of the members of society. In an Appendix, it suggests how, in time of need, the TRIPS Agreement allows countries to side-step patent regulations that would otherwise raise the cost of patented healthcare products beyond what a particular society is able to afford. The book is of interest not only to scholars but also to healthcare policy makers, administrators and healthcare professionals, as well as to patients themselves.

Det kan være rigtig svært at forstå det der med regler, og det kan også være svært at gå tilbage, når man først har fået sagt noget forkert. Ny bog i billedbogsserien om Sille og de andre rødder Sille har faktisk ikke nogen fodbold, men det ville hun ønske, at hun havde. Men nu ville hun også ønske, at hun ikke var kommet til at sige, at hun havde en, for det føles lidt som at lyve, og det er til at få ondt i maven af. Indimellem er det svært at finde rundt i alle reg­lerne – og især er det svært, når nogle regler gælder for nogen, men ikke for alle. Det er til at blive helt forvirret af!

This Pivot traces the rise of the so-called "e;vegetarian"e; vampire in popular culture and contemporary vampire fiction, while also exploring how the shift in the diet of (some) vampires, from human to animal or synthetic blood, responds to a growing ecological awareness that is rapidly reshaping our understanding of relations with others species. The book introduces the trope of the vegetarian vampire, as well as important critical contexts for its discussion: the Anthropocene, food studies, and the modern practice, politics and ideologies of vegetarianism. Drawing on references to recent historical contexts and developments in the genre more broadly, the book investigates the vegetarian vampire's relationship to other more violent and monstrous forms of the vampire in popular twenty-first century horror cinema and television. Texts discussed include Interview with the Vampire, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Twilight, The Vampire Diaries and True Blood. Reading the Vegetarian Vampire examines a new aspect of contemporary interest in considering vampire fiction.

The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Bioethics is an outstanding resource for anyone with an interest in feminist bioethics, with chapters covering topics from justice and power to the climate crisis. Comprising forty-two chapters by emerging and established scholars, the volume is divided into six parts:I Foundations of feminist bioethicsII Identity and identificationsIII Science, technology and researchIV Health and social careV Reproduction and making familiesVI Widening the scope of feminist bioethicsThe volume is essential reading for anyone with an interest in bioethics or feminist philosophy, and will prove an invaluable resource for scholars, teachers and advanced studentsChapters 2, 22, and 30 of this book will soon be freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license at www.taylorfrancis.com

Dieser Band behandelt umfassend und systematisch die Frage des Patientenwillens: die historischen und philosophischen Grundlagen des Willensbegriffs, die Beziehung von Autonomie und Wille und praktische Fragen der Bioethik und des Biorechts.

This book provides cross-cultural ethical exploration of sex robots and their social impact. What are the implications of sex robots and related technological innovations for society and culture? How should we evaluate the significance of sexual relations with robots that look like women, men or children? Critics argue that sex robots present a clear risk to real persons and a social degradation that will increase sexual violence, objectify women, encourage pedophilia, reinforce negative body images, increase forms of sexual dysfunction, and pass on sexually transmitted disease. Proponents judge robotic sexual companionship as just another step in the exploration of human desire. They see sex robots, and similar technology, such as virtual reality pornography, as providing autonomy affirming companionship for the lonely and a relatively harmless outlet for sexual fantasies that avoids the use of human prostitutes and thus reduces sexual victimization. Some appreciate sex robots as a social evil, others as a positive good, and still others as a harmless pastime. How we come to terms with such conceptual and moral concerns will have significant implications for society and the future of human relations. This book is of great interest to researchers in bioethics, human sexual behavior, AI ethics, and philosophy of sex.  

Kommunikation im Kontext der Organspende gehört zu den sensibelsten und herausforderndsten Aufgaben im Klinikalltag. Angehörige und medizinisches Fachpersonal begegnen sich in einer äußerst belastenden Phase der Unsicherheit, Trauer und Verletzlichkeit. Dennoch müssen sie gemeinsam klären, ob ein Organspendeausweis vorliegt und das bereits intensivmedizinisch betreute Familienmitglied einer Organspende zustimmen würde. Die Interessen der Beteiligten unterscheiden sich und treffen sich zugleich in der Zielsetzung, den Willen des Patienten mit dieser Entscheidung umzusetzen. Der interdisziplinär angelegte Band reflektiert die im Feld bestehenden Kontingenzen. Er zielt auf eine Präzisierung der Wahrnehmung und erörtert Handlungsoptionen, die dazu beitragen können, diese spezifische Kommunikationssituation konkret zu entlasten.

In einer erstmaligen Gesamtdarstellung widmet sich dieses Buch der Frage, ob und gegebenenfalls inwieweit es zulässig ist, Kinder als Spender von Körperbestandteilen heranzuziehen oder sogar eigens zu diesem Zweck zu zeugen. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet dabei das Spannungsverhältnis, dass die Kinder zwar zunächst den Befugnissen der Eltern unterstehen, diese jedoch die kindlichen Interessen nicht unberücksichtigt lassen dürfen und elterliche Entscheidungsbefugnisse überdies mit Heranwachsen des Kindes zunehmend in den Hintergrund treten müssen. Die je nach Spendekonstellation unterschiedlich intensiven Eingriffe in die kindlichen Rechte, aber auch die verschiedenen Abstufungen eines möglichen Nutzens für das Spenderkind werden herausgearbeitet und mit Blick auf ihre medizinischen, ethischen und rechtlichen Implikationen analysiert. Zudem wird geprüft, ob in Deutschland derzeit eine widerspruchsfreie Rechtslage hinsichtlich der Erlaubnis respektive des Verbots einzelner Spendeformen durch Kinder existiert oder Handlungs- bzw. Harmonisierungsbedarf besteht. Die untersuchten Rechtsgebiete erstrecken sich vom Medizin- über das Zivil-, hier insbesondere das Familienrecht, bis hin zum Verfassungsrecht; der thematische Bogen reicht dabei von Neugeborenen bis Jugendlichen, Eigen- bis Fremdspenden, Blut- bis Organspenden und schließlich bis hin zur höchst umstrittenen Selektion sog. ¿Retterkinder¿ mittels PID.

Anti-natalism is the provocative view that it is either always or almost always all-things-considered wrong to procreate. Philanthropic anti-natalist arguments say that procreation is always impermissible because of the harm done to individuals who are brought into existence. Misanthropic arguments, on the other hand, hold that procreation is usually impermissible given the harm that individuals will do once brought into existence. The main purpose of this short monograph is to demonstrate that David Benatar's misanthropic argument for anti-natalism ought to be endorsed by any version of African Communitarianism. Not only that, but there are also resources in the African philosophical tradition that offer unique support for the argument. Given the emphasis that indigenous African worldviews place on the importance of procreation and the immediate family unit this result is highly surprising. This book marks the first attempt to bring anti-natalism into conversation with contemporary African ethics.

This book provides a brief introduction to the growing field of animal maltreatment evaluation and treatment, with a special emphasis on clinical training from a forensic psychology perspective. Geared toward mental health practitioners, students, and educators, this broad overview focuses on foundational legal concepts, applications in clinical and psycholegal settings, and emerging perspectives on effective evaluation and treatment. The authors provide practical guidance around "e;real world"e; scenarios through the use of clinical case vignettes, highlighting the complexities and need for culturally- and psychologically-informed care in these cases. Key topics include forensic animal maltreatment evaluations (or FAMEs); implications for best practices; challenges for providers, trainees, and supervisors; and future directions for the field.

Many people think that profound disability presents us with a real problem, often because it seems difficult to connect with someone who does not seem to think or act like us. Positioning profound disability in this way immediately sets up a 'them' and 'us', where the person with profound disability becomes the problematic 'other'.

This open access book offers a framework for understanding how the Holocaust has shaped and continues to shape medical ethics, health policy, and questions related to human rights around the world. The field of bioethics continues to face questions of social and medical controversy that have their roots in the lessons of the Holocaust, such as debates over beginning-of-life and medical genetics, end-of-life matters such as medical aid in dying, the development of ethical codes and regulations to guide human subject research, and human rights abuses in vulnerable populations. As the only example of medically sanctioned genocide in history, and one that used medicine and science to fundamentally undermine human dignity and the moral foundation of society, the Holocaust provides an invaluable framework for exploring current issues in bioethics and society today. This book, therefore, is of great value to all current and future ethicists, medical practitioners and policymakers ¿ as well aslaypeople.

Social Work and Animals represents a pioneering contribution to the literature of social work ethics and moral philosophy. It advances cogent and detailed arguments for the inclusion of animals within social work's moral framework, arguments that have profound theoretical and practical implications for the discipline and its practitioners.