Bioetik

This book highlights the latest findings and techniques related to nutrition and feed efficiency in animal agriculture. It addresses the key challenges facing the nutrition industry to achieve high animal productivity with minimal environmental impact. The concept of smart nutrition involves the use of smart technologies in the feeding and management of livestock.The first chapters focus on advances in biological fields such as molecular agriculture and genotype selection, as well as technologies that enhance or enable the collection of relevant information. The next section highlights applications of smart nutrition in a variety of livestock systems, ranging from intensive indoor housing of broilers and pigs to extensive outdoor housing of cattle and sheep, and marine fish farms. Finally, because of the worldwide attention to this issue, the authors address the environmental consequences.This work, which takes a serious look at how nutrition can be usedto improve sustainability in animal agriculture, is a key literature for readers in animal and veterinary sciences, the food industry, sustainability research, and agricultural engineering.

This book offers a scientific whistleblower¿s perspective on current implementation of federal research misconduct regulations. It provides a narrative of general interest that relates current cases of research ethics to philosophical, historical and sociological accounts of fraud in scientific research. The evidence presented suggests that the problems of falsification and fabrication remain as great as ever, but hidden because the current system puts universities in charge of investigations and permits them to use confidentiality regulations to hide the outcomes of investigations. The book documents the significant conflict of interest that arises because federal regulation gives universities the responsibility to conduct investigations of their own faculty with severely limited oversight. The book is intended for young research scientists or anyone who wishes to understand the challenges faced by scientists in the workplace today. The central thread in the book is an exclusive account of an experienced research scientist who was the first to expose the facts that led to the longest running research misconduct investigation in the history of the National Science Foundation.

This book presents the promises of Precision Medicine (PM) and the challenges of its implementation in daily clinical routine, while addressing the anticipated ethical and social implications. It is the first book that critically analyzes the potential and the dilemmas relevant to genomics and precision medicine from healthcare, public health and global perspectives. The nine chapters presented in this book elaborate on pharmacogenomics' crucial role in maximizing the potential benefits and minimizing medication's potential risks in groups of people, especially in cancer treatment and other health conditions. Infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are also discussed in this book by identifying challenges and ways to overcome them. Essential concepts are addressed, such as health-related benefits and harm to individuals and the broader community, including threats to individual privacy and autonomy, which warrant just distribution of scarce resources. The book also identifies and addresses the lack of competency in the healthcare workforce in the era of PM and discusses the path to laying the ethical foundation for the implementation of PM in healthcare organizations.

In view of the need to generate a standardization of quality in the production of spatial data used in the generation of cartographic documents in Brazil, this book addresses this gap, with the objective of proposing a Quality Control System (QSC) of digital photogrammetric processes for the production of spatial data based on the concepts of ISO 9000 quality management and on the Swiss and American normative guidelines. To this end, we sought to obtain quality parameters in each of the digital photogrammetric processes, in order to ensure the final quality of the products and meet the needs of accuracy and precision of spatial data and their applications. The main sources of errors are identified and commented on, and some of the solutions developed and proposed have been successfully tested.

This book covers an extensive range of issues raised by biotechnological advancements from a regulatory perspective. Written in a clear and readable style, its main objective is to give readers an idea of the relationship between biotechnology and law. Biotechnology advancements and their ethical, moral, economic, and social implications in different fields and the consequential normative demands on the law are crucial to this book. The chapters cover a multitude of themes and some of the most important legal issues arising in relation to biotechnology, including the historical development of a legal framework sufficient to protect public safety, the current biotechnology regulatory system, and the rules directing the primary agencies that regulate the products of biotechnology, namely the US Food and Drug Administration, the US Department of Agriculture, and the US Environmental Protection Agency, patents and IP rights in biotechnology, the regulation of human genome editingand its impact on health research, law and emerging genome editing technologies from recombinant DNA to CRISPR/Cas9, the development of legal principles to protect property rights in the human body and allow the efficient use of human tissue, organs, DNA, and cell-lines in medical research, and legal issues arising from the use of genetic engineered plants and animals.Presenting arguments that have been drawn from careful examination of various international documents and decisions made by legal institutions and judicial bodies, this book would be a valuable read for practitioners as well as academics of biotechnology law.

In this book, Per Bauhn does three things. First, he outlines some aspects of contemporary philosophical views on animals and morality, including the criticism of speciesism and the animal rights argument. Second, he criticizes these views, arguing that we cannot escape a speciesist perspective on morality, and that there are no good reasons why we should believe that non-human animals have moral rights. Third, he argues that cruelty against non-human animals is morally wrong, but not because animal rights are being violated but because human agents who inflict cruelty on non-human animals are failing their duty to develop in themselves the virtue of justice. This latter argument is reminiscent of Immanuel Kant¿s idea that we have only indirect duties towards animals, but unlike that idea, Bauhn's argument does not depend on any causal hypothesis that humans who are cruel to animals are likely to be cruel also to their fellow humans. Instead, Bauhn's argument relies on the fact that being cruel to non-human animals and other innocent beings is conceptually and logically inconsistent with the virtue of justice ¿ a virtue which agents are rationally required to develop in themselves.

This book exposes significant threats to research integrity and identifies policies and practices that can reverse these trends. It is focused on human research and US policy. Recent assessments have shown inadequacies in institutions, policies, and practices that seriously compromise ethics. The presumed self-regulatory nature of the scientific endeavor has been exposed to have allowed unabated areas of poor-quality science, an incomplete and inaccessible scientific record, conflicts of interest, differing notions of accountability, virtually no evidence base to direct research integrity policy, and a growing sense of alienation, moral injury and even revolt among scientists. Reconstructing Research Integrity aims to capture ways of vigorously moving toward scientific and ethical rigor, including self-correction and emerging or already-successful initiatives.The book begins with analysis of the full system of institutions, policies, and practices involved in production, dissemination, and application of research, including an examination of the blind spots in research ethics ideology, policy, and practice. The book then identifies policies and practices that can reverse harmful ethical trends, such as strengthening Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training and improving self-regulation in the scientific community. Finally, the book discusses the constant evolution of research ethics and integrity, which is illustrated by emerging research fields like gene editing and data science.This book will be of interest to all research administrators in academic, commercial and government positions; to policy advisors at the National Science Foundation and at the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine; to graduate students in research ethics; to advanced bioethics education programs across the globe; and to researchers and consultants in ELSI (ethical, legal, and social implications) programs.

Imagine yourself lying in your bed. The morning sun is just peeking through your window. Along with the sun, you hear the melodious song of birds chirping their "good mornings" to each other --- and to you! Have you ever wondered what those birds looked like? Why they are close enough for you to hear? What interesting characteristics do they have about them? Bird watching is a sport that has been around for years. Today, bird watching is the second fastest-growing hobby in America, bested only by gardening. A whole new language has emerged along with it. Those in the know also refer to bird watching simply as ¿birding¿ and the people who do it as ¿birders¿.People of all ages enjoy seeking out the birds of their region, watching them in their natural habitat, and enjoying the songs they have to offer. Birds can be fascinating creatures with much to offer those who care to study their lives. Much can be learned from where they roost, how they fly, and what they sing. We can even go so far as to say that watching birds can reveal things about nature and the beauty that exists in nature.

In the current era, evidence-based medicine and various supporting technologies dominate everyday clinical practice, according to a disease-centred, as opposed to patient-centred, approach. They have obviously improved the clinical management of diseases and it is therefore unreasonable to think of a medicine in which they are not considered fundamental. In fact, the strength of the new medicine should be to adapt scientific knowledge to a specific clinical case.This book therefore looks at the prospect of a new 'person' centred medicine, which stands alongside the 'disease' and 'patient' centred medicine, which pays special attention to the subjectivity of scientific knowledge and the relationship between doctor and patient. It is important to emphasise that this book is written by several hands, i.e. by experts from different fields, doctors, philosophers, architects, sociologists, art critics, physicists and engineers. This is with the intention of providing as broad a perspective as possible on the doctor-patient relationship.Due to its translational and multicultural approach to the subject, the book will be of interest to a wide readership, from medical experts to students, psychologists, philosophers and institutional actors.

This book draws a connection between ethics and research across social sciences, philosophy, medical sciences and legal sciences, and demonstrates that any research activity needs to be conducted by means of rules deriving from the field of ethics. Although having a common core, such rules assume different characteristics depending on the branch of science, as the contributions on philosophy, medicine, dentistry, law, biotechnology, robotics and architecture highlight. It also investigates the more complex ethical concerns and places them in a larger, technological context. Starting with an introduction to common-sense ethical principles, the contributions then guide the reader, helping them develop and understand a comprehensive knowledge on the field. Notably, it appeared interesting to analyze recent events related to the arrival of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic in light of ethical principles, highlighting in what terms their applicability can still be confirmed. Moreover, the book makes these topics accessible to a non-expert audience, while also offering alternative reading pathways to inspire more specialized readers.

This new volume in the Reproductive Medicine for Clinicians series of the International Academy of Human Reproduction (IAHR) focuses on current hot topics in the field, their ethical and legal aspects and their impact on society.It covers topics such as Covid-19, religious and philosophical controversies, possibilities that new technologies offer, human reproductive cloning problems, future challenges related to the heritable gene editing, therapeutic use of stem cells and stem cell factors and the role of receptors in steroids hormone action.This volume also offers an analysis of important innovations and new possibilities such as the use of artificial intelligence in reproductive medicine and the future of prenatal testing. The volume also discusses the issues of pregnancies in advanced paternal age, ethical and legal aspects of gametes donation, sex preselection, surrogate motherhood and infertility in overweight or obese PCOS patients. Chapters on the ethicaland legal aspects of fertility preservation in woman, in children with cancer, and in patients sparing treatments in gynecological oncology are also included. This new volume in the series is a valuable resource for gynecologists, obstetricians, endocrinologists, general practitioners and all specialists dealing with reproductive health.

The present work focuses on the characterization of the wastewater of the Cooperative Laitière du Maroc Oriental (COLAIMO) and to recommend an adequate treatment allowing its reuse, thus reducing the nuisance suffered by the receiving environment and also to remedy the loss of this water source in valorizable materials. The physico-chemical characterisation of the raw wastewater revealed that this liquid discharge is highly loaded with organic matter in terms of COD, which is 3900 mg O2/l, and 2300 mg O2/l of BOD5. Furthermore, the evaluation of the COD/BOD5 ratio = 1.69 underlines the biodegradable character of the COLAIMO wastewater, for which a biological treatment appears to be entirely suitable. Biological treatment processes are diverse, but after a comparative study of the different processes and a technical study evaluating the requirements of the cooperative, the "Sequential Biological Reactor (SBR)" process appears to be the most suitable for this type of industry and is the most efficient. For the implementation of a wastewater treatment plant, a study of the design of the plant before its realization is very interesting.

The Bioethics of Space Exploration provides a comprehensive discussion of the possible bioethical issues and challenges that may arise when considering future long-term space missions. Because of numerous threats within the space environment, many consider the concept of radically modifying humans to be a serious and perhaps even necessary option. Konrad Szocik presents what types of ethical and bioethical challenges may await participants on commercial, scientific, and colonizing missions, and provides a new perspective into the potential for radical biomedical technologies.

This book examines how the developments in veterinary science, philosophy, economics and law converged during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to entrench farm animals along a commodification pathway. It covers two neglected areas of study; the importance of international veterinary conferences to domestic regimes and the influence of early global treaties that dealt with animal health on domestic quarantine measures. The author concludes by arguing that society needs to reconsider its understanding and the place of the welfare paradigm in animal production systems. As it presently stands, this paradigm can be used to justify almost any self-serving reason to abrogate ethical principles.The topic of this book will appeal to a wide readership; not only scholars, students and educators but also people involved in animal production, interested parties and experts in the animal welfare and animal rights sector, as well as policy-makers and regulators, who will find this work informative and thought-provoking.

This book updates readers with all the tools, techniques, and concepts needed to understand and implement data security systems. It presents a wide range of topics for a thorough understanding of the factors that affect the efficiency of secrecy, authentication, and digital signature schema. The author contributed to the design and analysis of the Data Encryption Standard (DES), a widely used symmetric-key encryption algorithm. Security in Computing book, offers timely coverage of all aspects of computer security, including users, software, devices, operating systems, networks, and data. Reflecting rapidly evolving attacks, countermeasures, and computing environments. In brief in includes elementary cryptography, encryption, VPN, threats, virus, data recovery, program security, security in networks, security in database, security models and standards. This book is prepared for easy understanding of the learners about the basic concepts and the security.

The present study analyzed the degree of knowledge of MEI's and ME's active in the Feira Livre (Free Fair) of the city of Cacoal/RO regarding the seven main quality tools. In which it aimed to map, identify, classify and analyze the data obtained, through various methodologies such as bibliographic and descriptive research, inductive method, quantitative and qualitative approaches, in conjunction with a data collection carried out through a questionnaire that contained closed questions for classification character and open ones to understand what are the elements that impact on this classification. Thus, the results presented showed that there is not a great variety in the quantity of companies that compose the grades, and even if some companies are characterized with grade 1 knowledge, they still do not show negative results, such as obtaining a weighted average equal to zero in the questionnaire applied. Thus, it can be concluded that the study provides a dimensioning of the existing knowledge of micro-sized companies in the municipality, and has shown that several factors such as age and time in the market can influence them.

This volume reviews the broad topic of welfare in nonhuman primates under human care. Chapters detail the history of primates in captivity, ethical and legal issues surrounding the use of nonhuman primates as entertainment or in research, the different approaches that welfare are measured, and how housing, enrichment, and other conditions can foster or degrade welfare.Since humans began keeping nonhuman primates we have made vast strides in understanding their cognitive abilities, strong social bonds, vibrant personalities, and their capacity for joy and suffering. With an increasing number of countries banning the use of great apes in biomedical research, the welfare of primates in zoos and research facilities has gained increasing attention. This interdisciplinary work features contributors from many of the fields involved and those on both sides of the issue, thus providing an exhaustive overview of primate welfare.Readers from animal welfare science, primatology, animal testing, veterinary medicine, conservation to ethics and legislation will find this an important account.

Der Einsatz neuer biotechnologischer Verfahren, wie der der Genom-Editierung, hat die Debatte um die ethische Zulässigkeit einer gentechnischen Veränderung von Tieren neu entflammt. Die Motivation zu genomeditorischen Züchtungsvorhaben ist, so wie bei ¿konventionellen¿ Vorhaben auch, zumeist produktions- und leistungsorientiert. Es gibt vereinzelt aber auch Vorhaben, die darauf abzielen, dem tierlichen Wohl zugutezukommen. Dieser Zusammenhang des ¿Tierwohls durch Genom-Editierung¿ wirft einige Forschungsfragen auf: Wodurch sind die Verfahren der Genom-Editierung in der Nutztierzucht überhaupt charakterisiert? Wie lässt sich das Anwendungsspektrum von genomeditorischen Nutztier-Zuchtvorhaben, die das tierliche Wohl befördern sollen, genauer beschreiben? Ist das Wohlergehen ¿zukünftiger Tiere¿ überhaupt von moralischer Relevanz (Problem der Nicht-Identität)? Sind genomeditorische Zuchtvorhaben möglicherweise generell abzulehnen, weil sie die Integritätder betroffenen Tiere verletzen? Wie sind genomeditorische Zuchtvorhaben, die das Wohl von landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren befördern sollen, aus tierwohltheoretischer Perspektive zu beurteilen? Wie ¿ falls überhaupt ¿ lassen sich Handlungen rechtfertigen, die zwar einerseits zur Perpetuierung einer moralisch problematischen Praxis beitragen, andererseits aber in bestimmter Hinsicht gegenüber dieser problematischen Praxis eine Verbesserung bedeuten? Antworten auf diese Fragen stellt dieses Buch bereit.

This book provides an in-depth ethical analysis of the right to health care by contrasting privatized with socialized approaches. It pays special attention to how a socialized approach can be implemented in the context of limited resources and offers a way of integrating allocation decisions at the policy level with institutional and hands-on decision-making. It also discusses how the right to health care translates into duties on part of the members of society. In an Appendix, it suggests how, in time of need, the TRIPS Agreement allows countries to side-step patent regulations that would otherwise raise the cost of patented healthcare products beyond what a particular society is able to afford. The book is of interest not only to scholars but also to healthcare policy makers, administrators and healthcare professionals, as well as to patients themselves.

Anti-natalism is the provocative view that it is either always or almost always all-things-considered wrong to procreate. Philanthropic anti-natalist arguments say that procreation is always impermissible because of the harm done to individuals who are brought into existence. Misanthropic arguments, on the other hand, hold that procreation is usually impermissible given the harm that individuals will do once brought into existence. The main purpose of this short monograph is to demonstrate that David Benatar's misanthropic argument for anti-natalism ought to be endorsed by any version of African Communitarianism. Not only that, but there are also resources in the African philosophical tradition that offer unique support for the argument. Given the emphasis that indigenous African worldviews place on the importance of procreation and the immediate family unit this result is highly surprising. This book marks the first attempt to bring anti-natalism into conversation with contemporary African ethics.

This Pivot traces the rise of the so-called "e;vegetarian"e; vampire in popular culture and contemporary vampire fiction, while also exploring how the shift in the diet of (some) vampires, from human to animal or synthetic blood, responds to a growing ecological awareness that is rapidly reshaping our understanding of relations with others species. The book introduces the trope of the vegetarian vampire, as well as important critical contexts for its discussion: the Anthropocene, food studies, and the modern practice, politics and ideologies of vegetarianism. Drawing on references to recent historical contexts and developments in the genre more broadly, the book investigates the vegetarian vampire's relationship to other more violent and monstrous forms of the vampire in popular twenty-first century horror cinema and television. Texts discussed include Interview with the Vampire, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Twilight, The Vampire Diaries and True Blood. Reading the Vegetarian Vampire examines a new aspect of contemporary interest in considering vampire fiction.

This book provides a brief introduction to the growing field of animal maltreatment evaluation and treatment, with a special emphasis on clinical training from a forensic psychology perspective. Geared toward mental health practitioners, students, and educators, this broad overview focuses on foundational legal concepts, applications in clinical and psycholegal settings, and emerging perspectives on effective evaluation and treatment. The authors provide practical guidance around "e;real world"e; scenarios through the use of clinical case vignettes, highlighting the complexities and need for culturally- and psychologically-informed care in these cases. Key topics include forensic animal maltreatment evaluations (or FAMEs); implications for best practices; challenges for providers, trainees, and supervisors; and future directions for the field.