Evolution

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This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

Evolutionary science lies at the heart of a modern understanding of the natural world. Darwin's theory has withstood 150 years of scientific scrutiny, and today it not only explains the origin and design of living things, but highlights the importance of a scientific understanding in our culture and in our lives.Recently the movement known as "Intelligent Design” has attracted the attention of journalists, educators, and legislators. The scientific community is puzzled and saddened by this trend-not only because it distorts modern biology, but also because it diverts people from the truly fascinating ideas emerging from the real science of evolution. Here, join fifteen of our preeminent thinkers whose clear, accessible, and passionate essays reveal the fact and power of Darwin's theory, and the beauty of the scientific quest to understand our world.

This book aims to understand biological evolution through a physical approach, focusing on the macroscopic aspects of the biological genome. Readers will discover the connection between genomic information and the harmony of biological systems, a relationship that remains elusive to many researchers in biological sciences.The most common approach to understanding living organisms with physics is to begin with a single molecule of an organism. In contrast to this bottom-up approach, building from each molecule to the whole, this book takes a coarse-grained approach at the amino acid level to physically understand the macroscopic aspects of the organism. The book presents a system developed by the authors to predict membrane proteins with high accuracy using only physical parameters. Another distinctive perspective of this book is that it proposes the idea of a physical mechanism, other than natural selection, that orchestrates the emergence of order from random processes.The study of macroscopic aspects of living organisms based on this concept has parallels with thermostatistical mechanics for states of matter. Just as random processes create order in matter, there are physical random processes that form order in living organisms. This analogy is the central theme of the book.Using terms and analogies familiar to physicists, the book bridges the gap between biological and physical sciences. The book focuses on simple principles and is aimed primarily at researchers. While the content of this book is at the boundary area of biophysics, soft matter physics and bioinformatics, it will also be of interest to researchers and graduate students working on any biological topics.

"A provocative exploration of how humans are wired to seek short-term success at the expense of long-term survival-an "optimization trap" that explains everything from toxic workplaces to climate change"--

El eslabón perdido de la teoría de la evolución del ser humano, es el eslabón entre el ser humano y el mono, y es resultado de un estudio y un trabajo genético, el cual fue realizado por estos estos seres extra terrestre en el cromosoma del mono, para lograr hacerlo compatible con los cromosomas de su raza extraterrestre.

Theory and early empirical work posed that herbivore pressure should be lower on islands than on the mainland owing to lower herbivore abundance and diversity in insular systems. Consequently, plant taxa found on islands are expected to be less protected or even to have lost their defences completely. While early observational studies supported the prediction of lower herbivory and plant defences on islands, recent island-mainland comparisons have yielded mixed results, with some studies finding no differences between islands and mainlands or, surprisingly, higher herbivory and plant defences on islands. In this book, the authors aim to re-assess current theory and initiate a new generation of work on insularity effects on plant-herbivore interactions. This book aims to fill the research gaps by integrating the research that has been done to date and by compiling and summarising new research on insularity effects on plant-herbivore interactions. It provides a critical examinationof the patterns in light of classical theory and identifies potential mechanisms or underlying processes. It also aims to raise new questions that will form the basis for a revised and more robust research programme.

"Evolution and Ethics" is a collection of essays written by Thomas Henry Huxley, a prominent English biologist and advocate for Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. The book was first published in 1893 and brings together Huxley's thoughts on the implications of evolutionary theory for ethics and morality.Key features of "Evolution and Ethics" include:Integration of Evolutionary Theory and Ethics: Huxley explores the relationship between the theory of evolution and ethical principles. He seeks to reconcile the scientific understanding of evolution with moral philosophy, addressing the potential impact of evolutionary ideas on traditional ethical frameworks.Naturalistic Ethics: One of the central themes of the book is Huxley's advocacy for a naturalistic approach to ethics. He suggests that ethical principles can be derived from an understanding of the natural world and human evolution, rather than relying solely on religious or supernatural foundations.Scientific Rationalism: Throughout the essays, Huxley emphasizes the importance of applying scientific reasoning to ethical questions. He promotes a rational and empirical approach to understanding human behavior and morality.Critique of Social Darwinism: While Huxley was a strong supporter of evolutionary theory, he was critical of certain interpretations, particularly those associated with Social Darwinism. He cautioned against using evolutionary ideas to justify social inequality or unethical practices, emphasizing that ethical considerations should guide human conduct.Humanitarian Values: Despite the naturalistic approach, Huxley advocates for humanitarian values. He argues that an understanding of evolution should lead to a greater sense of human responsibility and empathy, rather than providing a rationale for selfish or ruthless behavior.Intellectual Rigor: Huxley's writing in "Evolution and Ethics" reflects his characteristic intellectual rigor and clarity. He presents his arguments in a logical and systematic manner, making the complex relationship between evolution and ethics accessible to a broad readership."Evolution and Ethics" is an important work in the history of the discussion on the relationship between science and morality. It reflects the intellectual climate of the late 19th century and the ongoing dialogue about the implications of Darwinian evolution for various aspects of human thought and society.

This book was compiled by researchers of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, and Kunming University of Science and Technology. It has been the most comprehensive monograph about the bamboo resources in China until now. "Illustrated Flora of Bambusoideae in China" is composed of two volumes. Volume 2 consists of 18 chapters corresponding to 18 genera of the tribe Arundinarieae (i.e., Acidosasa, Ampelocalamus, Bashania, Chimonocalamus, Drepanostachyum, Fargesia, Ferrocalamus, Gaoligongshania, Gelidocalamus, Indocalamus, Menstruocalamus, Oligostachyum, Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Sasa, Sasaella, Thamnocalamus, Yushania). Sixteen forms, 17 varieties, and 397 species in 18 genera are included in this volume (430 taxa in total).

"Tesla's Drive: A Manageable Development Uncovered" is a convincing investigation of the progressive excursion embraced by Tesla, an organization that has become inseparable from development and maintainability in the auto business. This book dives profound into the perplexing embroidery of Tesla's turn of events, revealing insight into the visionary administration of Elon Musk and the notable advances that have impelled the organization forward. At its center, "Tesla's Drive" uncovers the organization's obligation to reasonable transportation and energy arrangements. The account starts with Tesla's beginning, following the foundations of its central goal to speed up the world's progress to manageable energy. The pioneers' brassy vision, combined with their commitment to natural obligation, established the groundwork for a change in perspective in the auto scene. The book explores through Tesla's advancement, looking at its electric vehicle innovation, from the early Roadster to the standard Model 3 and then some. Perusers will acquire bits of knowledge into the designing wonders that power Tesla's vehicles, from electric drivetrains to Autopilot capacities, situating the organization at the very front of the electric vehicle transformation. A huge spotlight is put on Tesla's introduction to energy items, showing how the organization broadens its supportability ethos past cars. The investigation of sunlight based chargers, Powerwall, and other energy stockpiling arrangements features Tesla's all encompassing way to deal with tending to the worldwide energy challenge. The story doesn't avoid the difficulties looked by Tesla, from creation obstacles to administrative impediments. It illustrates the business scene, displaying how Tesla's flexibility and assurance empowered it to defeat misfortunes and arise as a central part in the auto market. Elon Musk's initiative style is analyzed, furnishing perusers with a brief look into the brain of a visionary business person. The book inspects Musk's unflinching quest for aggressive objectives, his intense choices, and the effect of his administration on Tesla's corporate culture. As the pages turn, perusers are welcome to observe Tesla's monetary direction, from early battles to times of benefit. The book dissects the variables affecting Tesla's monetary standing and its special situation according to financial backers. The finishing up sections of "Tesla's Drive" project forward, thinking about the fate of the organization and its part in molding the fate of transportation and energy. Hypotheses on forthcoming developments, market elements, and potential difficulties give an interesting finale to this investigation of Tesla's practical development. In "Tesla's Drive: A Manageable Development Revealed," perusers leave on an enamoring venture through the passageways of Tesla's set of experiences, seeing the transaction of visionary initiative, state of the art innovation, and a resolute obligation to maintainability. This book isn't simply a review; it's a forward-looking tribute to the continuous change driven by Tesla's persistent quest for a more practical future.

This book provides a comprehensive review of hermaphroditism in fishes. It focuses on the behavioral ecology of functional hermaphroditism in fishes and discusses its evolution.Approximately 99% of all vertebrate species consist of separate-sex individuals (gonochorists), i.e., pure males and pure females. The other 1% of vertebrate species are hermaphroditic, and almost all of them are fishes. Among hermaphroditic fishes, four major types of hermaphroditism are known: simultaneous (or synchronous) hermaphroditism, protandry (male-to-female sex change), protogyny (female-to-male sex change), and bidirectional sex change (or reversed sex change in protogynous species).The book examines the occurrence of hermaphroditism in relation to phylogeny and mating systems. It also reviews the hypotheses for the evolution of hermaphroditism, and the size-advantage model, which is the main theory for the evolution of sex change, tested in relation to the mating system. The appendix in the last chapter provides an annotated list of hermaphroditic fish species (ca. 500 spp.).

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Argues that truth, moral right, political right, and aesthetic value may be understood as arising out of a naturalist account of humanity, if naturalism is rightly conceived.

This book timely provides high-quality records of 32 PTB sections across different depositional settings from terrestrial to marine facies in South China, including descriptions of lithologies, high-resolution correlation of key boundaries and fossil occurrences at each section. This book also analyzes the patterns and processes of the community and ecosystem evolution over space and through time in the lead to the end-Permian mass extinction, and critically analyzes the mostly debated hypothesis, anoxia and volcanism, which were considered as the causes of mass extinction, based on the data from the studied sections of South China, together with materials from other regions of the world.

Professor Alexey Shipunov is one of the world's foremost botanists. A graduate of Moscow State University, he held positions at the Kew Gardens, London, and Marine Biology Laboratory, Woods Hole, and was a faculty member at the Minot State University, North Dakota, and a visiting professor at Kyoto University, Japan. During the 31 years of his scientific career he authored 221 publications, including 74 peer-reviewed articles and 17 books.This book is intended for any biology student who wants to know the subject better. It concentrates on the history of life, diversity of plants, protists and animals, and some other general aspects including elements of biogeography.

This book presents a detailed examination of the current state of knowledge in the field of paleoneurology in the main amniote groups (reptiles, birds and mammals), and advances  resulting from new non-invasive technologies. The study of fossil endocasts is an area of considerable current interest, and has long been central to our understanding of the evolution of the brain, development of senses and behavioral adaptations in diverse vertebrate groups and across vertebrates as a whole. Recent advances in non-invasive imaging have significantly increased the number of fossil taxa for which brain morphology is known, and it may now be possible to quantitatively analyze the relative size of brain regions. Providing a general overview of current perspectives and problems in evolutionary neuroanatomy, this book is intended for a wide range of readers, including undergraduate and graduate students, teachers, and anyone with a special interest in paleoneurology. It is also useful as supplementary reading for courses in digital anatomy, vertebrate comparative anatomy, computed morphometrics, paleontology, neurology and radiology as well as evolution programs

The eternal question of where did everything come from, the stars, Universe and life on Earth has traditionally been the domain of science and religion. But now design gets its chance.Starting from scratch, and through an unbridled, free thinking, design exercise, Hadleigh comes up with some fascinating design solutions on how everything could come into existence all over again, completely by its own accord.If you are brave enough to join Timothy Hadleigh in his exciting design quest, an astounding journey awaits.

"Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach" is an insightful exploration that unveils the fascinating world of animal behavior through the lens of evolution. This comprehensive and engaging narrative delves into the intricate patterns, instincts, and adaptations that have evolved over time, shaping the diverse behaviors observed in the animal kingdom.The book takes readers on a journey through the evolutionary history of various species, shedding light on the adaptive strategies that have allowed animals to thrive in different environments. From the complex social structures of primates to the ingenious hunting techniques of predators, the narrative offers a deep understanding of how evolution has sculpted the behaviors that contribute to the survival and success of different species.Through a combination of scientific research, case studies, and real-life examples, "Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach" not only elucidates the fascinating behaviors observed in the wild but also explores the underlying genetic and environmental factors that drive these behaviors. The reader gains insights into the ways in which natural selection has shaped behaviors to maximize reproductive success, ensure survival, and navigate the challenges of the ever-changing natural world.This book is not only a valuable resource for students and enthusiasts of ethology but also a captivating read for anyone curious about the intricacies of the animal kingdom. It serves as a bridge between evolutionary biology and behavior, offering a holistic perspective that deepens our appreciation for the diversity of life on Earth and the remarkable ways in which animals have adapted to their ecological niches.

"The Evolution of Pet Keeping: A Journey through Human-Animal Coexistence" is a captivating exploration that traces the historical, cultural, and emotional threads woven into the fabric of our relationship with pets. This insightful narrative embarks on a fascinating journey, unraveling the evolving dynamics of human-animal coexistence and shedding light on the intricate ways in which pets have become integral members of our households and hearts.The book delves into the origins of pet keeping, examining the shifts in societal attitudes, from working relationships with animals to the emergence of companionship as a primary motive for keeping pets. Through vivid storytelling and historical anecdotes, readers are transported through time, witnessing the transformation of pets from functional roles to cherished companions.Beyond the historical lens, the narrative explores the cultural significance of pets, delving into the roles they play in art, literature, and popular culture. It contemplates the emotional and psychological impact of pets on human well-being, considering the reciprocal nature of the bond that forms between humans and their animal companions.This exploration doesn't shy away from the complexities of contemporary pet keeping, addressing ethical considerations, responsible ownership, and the evolving understanding of the needs and rights of animals. The book prompts reflection on the responsibilities that come with the privilege of sharing our lives with pets, urging readers to consider the well-being of animals as an integral part of the human-animal coexistence narrative."The Evolution of Pet Keeping" is more than a chronicle; it's an invitation to contemplate the deep connections that bind us with our furry, feathered, or scaled friends. It celebrates the journey of companionship, from the early days of utility to the modern era of mutual affection, fostering a greater appreciation for the evolving roles pets play in our lives.

It's about time Darwinism is seen for what it is. Why are brilliant and logical scientists not reasonable on the question of the ultimate cause of the unity, diversity, and complexity of life on Earth? We wrongly think that an accurate view of life's origins can be deduced by science and logic alone apart from faith and humble submission to God's Word. Without the light of God's Word, unbelievers have built up an edifice, a theory of life's origins known as Darwinian Evolution, which they believe is an impregnable fortress. In our Darwin-dominated society, blind chance, mutation, and natural selection have received most of the glory for the unity, diversity, and complexity of life on Earth. It's about time this philosophy is seen for what it is: a sandcastle on the beach, in the face of the rising tide.