Genetik (ikke-medicinsk)

This updated volume reflects new and evolved techniques to study detection, profiling, and manipulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants and animals. After overviews of how best to detect, identify, and validate microRNAs, the book continues by exploring state-of-the-art protocols for microRNA detection, approaches to profile the expression level of microRNAs, spatial expression analysis, describe in silico analysis of microRNAs and their targets, as well as protocols for functional analysis of microRNAs and their targets by CRISPR/Cas. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, MicroRNA Detection and Target Identification: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

The identity of an individual entity lies in the wholeness of the system in which it is present. We observe numerous complex phenomena happening around us, and to study them, we de¿ne them as systems with particular entities leading to the commencement of those phenomena. Modelling these complex systems gives rise to the formation of complex networks. These networks represent the meaningful connections between the entities of the complex system. "I think the next century (21st) will be the century of complexity", once said Stephen Hawking in light of the omnipresence of complex systems around us. The past two decades observed the immense potential of network science due to its holistic approach, ¿exibility, and applications to vast ¿elds of scienti¿c research. Network science has provided various models and algorithms under the umbrella of statistical physics to analyze natural and social sciences, including complex biological systems. Like any other physical system, it is also required to identify and characterize the individual building blocks in complex biological systems and obtain and establish insights into the interactions. The biological complex systems can be de¿ned by multiple types of entities such as biomolecules (proteins and genes), pathways (metabolic, anabolic, and disease), cells (neurons), tissues (brain regions), and organs (human complexome) along with their de¿ned interactions. In biological systems, interactions among cellular entities are not always straightforward as in social and physical networks. Hence, their interpretation becomes much more complicated, aided by the immense size, temporal dynamics, and non-linearity behaviour. However, the vast diversity of biological systems allows us to de¿ne them at various levels into network models.

Neste livro, adentramos em um campo fascinante e desafiador: o tratamento avançado para a Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos. A jornada que você está prestes a iniciar é uma exploração profunda das potencialidades da apometria, da programação neurolinguística (PNL), da regressão e da hipnose, como ferramentas poderosas para a cura holística. Os tópicos abordados aqui abrem as portas para um universo de possibilidades terapêuticas, envolvendo não apenas o corpo físico, mas também o espiritual e o mental. Prepare-se para uma leitura que desafiará seus conceitos e ampliará sua compreensão sobre o tratamento de doenças genéticas e complexas. Que este livro seja uma fonte de inspiração e conhecimento para todos aqueles em busca de respostas e soluções para a Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos.

"Toxicity Effects of Methyl Parathion on Fish Physiology" is a comprehensive book written by P. Anandan, which provides a detailed insight into the impact of pesticides on the physiology of fish, with a specific focus on Methyl Parathion. The book discusses the widespread use of pesticides, which has led to environmental contamination, posing a significant threat to aquatic life, and ultimately, human health.The book explores the complex mechanisms of toxicity of Methyl Parathion on fish physiology, with an emphasis on the effects on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which plays a crucial role in nervous system functioning. It also examines the impact of Methyl Parathion on oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and the role of antioxidants, glutathione, and DNA damage, as well as lipid peroxidation, and histopathology.The book covers a wide range of topics, including genotoxicity, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and various metabolic processes, such as carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. It also discusses ion and osmoregulation, gonadal development, reproductive performance, growth, and developmental toxicity, as well as embryonic mortality, larval abnormalities, and behavioral changes.Furthermore, the book emphasizes the importance of water quality and food safety, and the need for risk assessment and ecological risk management. It also explores the use of biomarkers to assess the effects of Methyl Parathion toxicity, endocrine disruption, and hormonal imbalance. The book concludes by highlighting the significance of sustainable development, aquaculture, fisheries, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem health in mitigating the impact of pesticides on fish physiology.

The study conducted Line x Tester analysis using three female lines and eight male testers to assess heterosis, combining ability, and gene action in cotton. The experimental setup included eleven parents, resulting in twenty-four crosses and the standard check GN.Cot.Hy-14. Thirty-six genotypes were planted in a randomized block design with three replications at the Main Cotton Research Station, NAU, Surat during Kharif 2017. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among parents and hybrids for various traits, indicating considerable genetic variability. Notably, certain crosses exhibited high per se performance and standard heterosis. Combining ability analysis highlighted the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in trait inheritance, with different traits showing varying degrees of genetic control. Furthermore, the study validated three GMS female lines, their fertile counterparts, and non-GMS original parental lines through SSR markers (BNL 1227 and NAU 2176), confirming the purity of genotypes and offering a quick and reliable means of identifying the genetic male sterility system governed by the ms5ms6 gene in cotton (G. hirsutum L.).

The book "Cellulase and Xylanase Production by Selected Soil Fungi" by V. Karthi is a comprehensive guide that delves into the fascinating world of enzymes, particularly cellulase and xylanase, produced by selected soil fungi. These enzymes have an important role to play in the biodegradation of lignocellulosic biomass, making them critical to the production of bioenergy and industrial applications.The book explores the production of these enzymes by various microorganisms through fermentation, highlighting the optimization of culture conditions such as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, temperature, incubation time, and more. The book also examines the use of solid-state and submerged bioreactors, gene expression, and cloning to enhance enzyme production.Moreover, the book discusses the biochemical characterization, purification, and molecular weight of these enzymes, along with their kinetic properties. The book also covers the different enzymatic systems, including endoglucanase, exoglucanase, ¿-glucosidase, and xylanolytic enzymes.The book also highlights the use of these enzymes in the enzymatic hydrolysis of substrates such as plant waste, agro-industrial residues, and other renewable resources, making them important in reducing the environmental impact of these waste materials. The book provides a detailed insight into the enzymatic activity of these enzymes and their industrial applications.Overall, "Cellulase and Xylanase Production by Selected Soil Fungi" is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and professionals in the field of microbiology, bioenergy, and biotechnology. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the production, optimization, and applications of these important enzymes, making it a must-read for anyone interested in this area of research.

"Regulation of PMP3 genes in plants" by Kumkum Kumari is an in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of PMP3 genes in plant species, focusing on Avicennia and Nicotiana tabacum. The book delves into the posttranscriptional and transcriptional regulation of these genes, which encode plasma membrane proteins that are crucial for plant growth, development, and stress response.The book covers a range of topics related to PMP3 genes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, protein transport, ion transport, and transmembrane proteins. It also examines the role of PMP3 genes in plant physiology, development, and growth, and how they are regulated at the gene expression level.The book explores the molecular mechanisms involved in the response of PMP3 genes to various stresses, including abiotic and biotic stress, as well as environmental stresses such as osmotic, drought, salinity, cold, and heat stress. It also discusses the role of hormones in regulating PMP3 genes and their involvement in stress signaling pathways.The book covers various molecular biology techniques such as RNA interference, small RNAs, RNA-binding proteins, gene silencing, RNA processing, alternative splicing, mRNA stability, translation regulation, gene editing, CRISPR-Cas9, genome engineering, and genetic modification, and their applications in plant biotechnology, genetics, and breeding.Overall, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and students in the field of plant molecular biology and genetics. It provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of PMP3 genes in plants and their implications in plant improvement and crop yield under various stress conditions.

Dive into the groundbreaking world of "Extreme Biohacking: Pushing the Human Body and Mind to the Limits." This compelling exploration takes readers on a captivating odyssey through the diverse realms of biohacking, offering an in-depth look at the avant-garde techniques revolutionizing cognitive enhancement. From traditional nootropics to mind-bending technologies, each chapter unravels the intricacies of cutting-edge biohacking, showcasing the potential impact on the human potential.The narrative navigates historical contexts, ethical considerations, and speculative futures, providing a comprehensive view of the biohacking landscape. Readers will witness the rise of advanced nootropics, delve into the intricacies of neural implants and brain-machine interfaces, and ponder the ethical dilemmas surrounding DNA editing and genetic modification.Beyond the technological frontiers, the book explores the significance of self-awareness in biohacking, the impact of customized nutrition on cognitive functions, and the integration of biohacking into sports training. Sleep optimization, longevity strategies, and the mind-body connection take center stage, emphasizing the holistic approach to enhancing human performance.Interviews with experts and thought leaders provide invaluable insights, while cautionary tales and success stories from the biohacking community offer a nuanced perspective. The narrative extends into the future, speculating on the role of quantum computing, the need for biosecurity, and the rise of community-driven DIY biohacking movements.In the concluding chapters, the book issues a compelling call to action for responsible and ethical biohacking practices, encouraging readers to engage in open dialogue, collaborative exploration, and evidence-based experimentation. The journey concludes with an empowering encouragement for individuals to explore the boundaries of their own potential-a call to unfurl the wings of possibility in the ongoing odyssey of human enhancement."Extreme Biohacking" is more than a book; it's an invitation to join the forefront of human evolution. Whether you are a seasoned biohacker, a curious novice, or an intrigued observer, this book promises a transformative exploration into the uncharted territories of human potential. The odyssey continues-pushing the boundaries of the human body and mind.

"Molecular Epidemiology of Scrub Typhus" is a comprehensive book written by S. Seethalakshmi that explores the molecular characterization and epidemiology of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, in patients from Chennai and its neighboring districts. The book provides an in-depth analysis of the various strains of O. tsutsugamushi and their genetic diversity, which is crucial in understanding the evolution and transmission of the disease. The author delves into the various molecular techniques used for identifying and characterizing the strains of O. tsutsugamushi, including PCR-based assays, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. The book also highlights the importance of identifying the genetic variations in O. tsutsugamushi to predict the emergence of new strains and potential outbreaks in the future. In addition to molecular characterization, the book also examines the epidemiology of scrub typhus in the Chennai region and neighboring districts. It provides insights into the risk factors for the disease and the factors that contribute to its spread, such as environmental changes and population movements. Overall, "Molecular Epidemiology of Scrub Typhus" is a valuable resource for epidemiologists, microbiologists, and other healthcare professionals interested in understanding the molecular and epidemiological aspects of scrub typhus. It presents a comprehensive overview of the disease and its causative agent, and offers insights into the strategies that can be employed to control its spread.

This book is related to our study on genetic variability, character association, path coefficient analysis, selection indices and genetic divergence analysis with respect to seed yield and its components and screening for heat tolerance in 50 genotypes of kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in a Randomized Block Design with three replications under timely sowing (D0) and late sowing (D1) conditions at Pulses Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during Rabi 2016-17.

This book is the first comprehensive compilation of existing knowledge on the impact of cisgenic crops on biodiversity, environment, and ecosystem. Strategies to create and access cisgenic crops, potential risks assessment, and legal implications across the globe (European Union, North and South Americas, Africa, and Asia) are enumerated. Ethics, economics, safety, social concerns, and consumer acceptance of cisgenic foods are deliberated. Policy paradigm and ways to overcome GM regulations through cisgenic crops are highlighted. The book has 12 chapters authored by internationally leading experts on the subject. This book will be useful especially for the policy makers and GMO regulators, while the students, teachers, and researchers from across the globe will be equally benefited.

"The Principles of Breeding" by using S.L. Goodale is a seminal work that marries the geographical regions of technological know-how and literature, presenting readers a unique and insightful exploration of the problematic world of breeding practices. This e book stands as a testomony to Goodale's understanding and his capacity to talk complex thoughts in a compelling and accessible way. Goodale's paintings is a complete guide to the ideas and techniques of breeding, masking a extensive variety of topics from animal husbandry to agricultural cultivation. Through meticulous studies and a clean, engaging writing style, he demystifies the intricacies of breeding, making it available to each experts and the overall reader. What sets "The Principles of Breeding" apart is its seamless integration of scientific information with fascinating storytelling. Goodale's narrative skillfully weaves historical examples and case studies into the textual content, permitting readers to no longer most effective grasp the technical elements of breeding but additionally appreciate its ancient and societal importance. The book is a testomony to Goodale's ardour for the concern rely and his willpower to fostering a deeper know-how of the technology and artwork of breeding. "The Principles of Breeding" continues to be a valuable resource for students, fans, and everyone intrigued via the captivating world of genetic inheritance and cultivation practices, firmly organising S.L. Goodale as a reputable authority within the subject.

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. This latest volume includes reviews on plant physiology, biochemistry, genetics and genomics, forests, and ecosystems.

Hepatobiliary cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancers, have high rate of mortality and low survival rate. The third volume of the ¿Interdisciplinary Cancer Research¿ series, entitled ¿Hepatobiliary Cancers: An Interdisciplinary Approach¿ publishes comprehensive volumes on mechanisms of hepatobiliary cancers and therapeutic modalities and presents the most updated and peer-reviewed chapters on hepatobiliary cancers. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on cell biology, immunology, biochemistry, genetics, and practitioners working on oncology and gastroenterology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value for researchers, oncologists, and gastroenterologists who wish to extend their knowledge on hepatobiliary cancers.

This volume explores the latest techniques and protocols used by researchers to address unique biological questions, model organisms not typically studied by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), protocols combining FISH with immunofluorescence (FISH-IF), and high-throughput experiments. The chapters in this book are divided into two parts: RNA FISH protocols and DNA FISH protocols. Part One covers methods for designing OligoPaint probes and studying distinct aspects of RNA biology such as transcription and splicing dynamics, and mRNA and small RNA expression and localization. Part Two discusses DNA repair dynamics, gene compaction, and chromatin conformation and gene rearrangements in plants, insects, and mammalian cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting edge and thorough, Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH): Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource that will benefit the broader scientific community in their studies and understanding of this important field.

Non-coding RNA in Plants: Modulation and Stress Responses? is the first book to present the basics of the importance of long non-coding RNA and its potential in addressing abiotic and biotic stresses. Describing?the MiRNA and small RNA and their role in plant development, this book explains the importance of long non-coding RNA in plants, including its significance in virus resistance, its transposable elements, effector trigger immunity, and fungal and bacterial resistance in plants. Non-coding RNA for Modulation and Stress Response in Plants?presents the state-of-the-science from its historical foundation through application throughout the lifecycle and production of agricultural and non-agricultural plants.? While various coding has been explored within animal science, plant exposition has been minimal.? This book is designed to inspire additional research and developments toward improved plant resiliency and production.

Personalized Epigenetics, Second Edition discusses the core translatability of epigenetics to health management of individuals who have unique variations in their epigenetic signatures that can guide both disorder and disease prevention and therapy. Fully updated and revised, this new edition details inter-individual variability in the major epigenetic process in humans consisting of DNA methylation, histone modifications, noncoding RNA, and the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of the field. It also reviews the impact of the environment on epigenetic variations among individuals and the role of pharmacology and drug development in personalized epigenetics. Most importantly, the text covers personalized epigenetics from a disease-oriented perspective, presenting chapters that provide advances in widespread disorders or diseases, including diabetes, cancer, autoimmune disorders, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and pain management.

This edited book covers the latest trends to improve soil health. It provides an easy-to-understand information to the readers. This book acts as a reference book for various agronomists and research scholars working in the field of agriculture. This edited book covers advanced technologies and practices carried out worldwide to improve soil health. In the present scenario, it is very important to save soil health and replenish it in a sustainable manner from various anthropogenic hazards. As soil is the source to almost all lives on earth and it is duty, the scientific community is developing ways to disseminate and communicate the most recent advancements to restore its health. Content of the book is designed in such a way that it provides a compressive information to the readers to restore the soil health that will ultimately help to improve the health of microbes, animals as well as plants that thrive in the soil and ultimately the quality of life of human being. This book helpsresearch scholars and teachers working in agriculture, horticulture, and environmental management by utilizing advances in microbiology and biotechnology. It is of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, teachers, researchers, environmentalists, agriculture and horticulture scientists, capacity builders, policy makers and all other stakeholders.

In questo libro descrivo le alterazioni genetiche e molecolari associate al grave disturbo del neurosviluppo noto come sindrome di Rett (RTT), con particolare attenzione alle varianti genetiche CDKL5 o FOXG1 di questo disturbo. Attualmente la funzione e la regolazione molecolare precisa di questi geni e dei loro prodotti proteici è poco conosciuta. Il lavoro che presento in questo libro offre una visione di come le mutazioni genetiche identificate nella RTT possano essere collegate alla regolazione molecolare e funzionale della biologia sinaptica. In particolare, ho svelato come l'interazione di CDKL5 con una proteina chiave dell'impalcatura delle sinapsi eccitatorie (PSD-95) sia regolata dall'attività neuronale e come le mutazioni nel gene FOXG1 spostino l'equilibrio delle proteine sinaptiche eccitatorie/inibitorie per promuovere la formazione di sinapsi inibitorie durante lo sviluppo embrionale, il che rappresenta un indizio importante per comprendere il meccanismo della malattia della RTT.

V ätoj knige q opisywaü geneticheskie i molekulqrnye izmeneniq, swqzannye s tqzhelym rasstrojstwom nerwnogo razwitiq, izwestnym kak sindrom Retta (SRT), udelqq osoboe wnimanie geneticheskim wariantam CDKL5 i FOXG1, harakternym dlq ätogo rasstrojstwa. V nastoqschee wremq tochnaq molekulqrnaq funkciq i regulqciq ätih genow i ih belkowyh produktow malo izuchena. Rabota, kotoruü q predstawlqü w ätoj knige, daet predstawlenie o tom, kak geneticheskie mutacii, wyqwlennye pri RTT, mogut otnosit'sq k molekulqrnoj i funkcional'noj regulqcii sinapticheskoj biologii. V chastnosti, q pokazal, kak wzaimodejstwie CDKL5 s klüchewym belkom-skaffoldingom wozbuzhdaüschih sinapsow (PSD-95) reguliruetsq aktiwnost'ü nejronow i kak mutacii w gene FOXG1 smeschaüt balans wozbuzhdaüschih/tormozqschih sinapticheskih belkow w pol'zu formirowaniq tormoznogo sinapsa wo wremq ämbrional'nogo razwitiq, chto predstawlqet soboj wazhnyj klüch k ponimaniü mehanizma zabolewaniq RTT.

In diesem Buch beschreibe ich die genetischen und molekularen Veränderungen, die mit der als Rett-Syndrom (RTT) bekannten schweren neurologischen Entwicklungsstörung einhergehen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf den genetischen Varianten CDKL5 oder FOXG1 dieser Störung liegt. Derzeit ist die genaue molekulare Funktion und Regulierung dieser Gene und ihrer Proteinprodukte nur unzureichend bekannt. Die Arbeit, die ich in diesem Buch vorstelle, gibt einen Überblick darüber, wie die bei RTT identifizierten genetischen Mutationen mit der molekularen und funktionellen Regulierung der synaptischen Biologie zusammenhängen könnten. Insbesondere habe ich aufgezeigt, wie die Interaktion von CDKL5 mit einem wichtigen Gerüstprotein an erregenden Synapsen (PSD-95) durch neuronale Aktivität reguliert wird und wie Mutationen im FOXG1-Gen das Gleichgewicht zwischen erregenden und hemmenden synaptischen Proteinen verschieben, um die Bildung von hemmenden Synapsen während der Embryonalentwicklung zu fördern, was einen wichtigen Anhaltspunkt zum Verständnis des Krankheitsmechanismus von RTT darstellt.