Biokemi

This monograph presents the molecular theory and necessary tools for the study of solvent-induced interactions and forces. After introducing the reader to the basic definitions of solvent-induced interactions, the author provides a brief analysis of the statistical thermodynamics. The book thoroughly overviews the connection of those interactions with thermodynamics and consequently focuses on specifically discussing the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions and forces. The importance of the implementation of hydrophilic interactions and forces in various biochemical processes is thoroughly analyzed, while evidence based on theory, experiments, and simulated calculations supporting that hydrophilic interactions and forces are far more important than the corresponding hydrophobic effects in many biochemical processes such as protein folding, self-assembly of proteins, molecular recognitions, are described in detail. This title is of great interest to students and researchers working in the fields of chemistry, physics, biochemistry, and molecular biology.¿

This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of cyanobacteria and their applications as solar cell factories. Cyanobacteria are able to perform oxygenic photosynthesis and they are utilized in many different bioprocesses. The book covers two major aspects of a cyano-based bioprocess: the biological whole-cell catalyst and the technical environment in which the catalyst is applied. In the biocatalyst itself electron and carbon flow play an essential role for the performance of the cell and need to be tackled likewise for successful biocatalyst development. In the first chapters of this volume, cyanobacterial biotechnology and the fundamentals of cyanobacterial bioenergetics are introduced followed by an overview on tools and strategies for cyanobacteria engineering. Further on, examples of applications, engineering and production of different industrially relevant compounds in these organisms are provided, and finally process technology specific for cyanobacteria is covered. In this book, particular attention is given to topics such as cyanobacterial bioenergetics, metabolic engineering design strategies, utilizing cyanobacteria in biophotovoltaics, and production of pigments as well as photobiohydrogen in cyanobacteria, among others.This book will provide interested students and researchers in the area of photo-biotechnology with a deeper understanding of the cyanobacterial cell-factory, including the latest innovations and persistent challenges in the field.

Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry, Volume 57 presents the latest reviews of recent work in physical organic chemistry, providing a valuable source of information that is ideal not only for physical organic chemists applying their expertise to both novel and traditional problems, but also for non-specialists across diverse areas who identify a physical organic component in their approach to research. The book's hallmark is its quantitative, molecular level understanding of phenomena across a diverse range of disciplines.

Biocatalysis in Asymmetric Synthesis, a new volume in the Foundations and Frontiers of Enzymology series, offers an applied discussion on synthesizing biological catalysts using asymmetric synthesis for varying applications. Here, global experts in the field analyze a wide variety of biocatalysts and their physical states, process conditions for their asymmetric synthesis, solvents required during synthesis, and even downstream procedures for the recovery of final products. The book adopts an interdisciplinary approach, merging fundamental biology and its synthetic applications across industries with a wide range of practical examples, from directed evolution to biotransformation and production of novel enzymes and non-conventional catalysts. Throughout the book, the impact and application of biocatalysis in sustainable processing is considered in-depth. This book will also help non-experts in biocatalysis to apply this knowledge in their own research, providing a thorough overview of the ways asymmetric biocatalytic approaches may be adapted for different disciplines and downstream products.

Ion Channels in Cancer, Volume 92 in the Current Topics in Membranes series, highlights advances in the field, including chapters on the Interplay of calcium and potassium signals in cell cycle and cancer, Non-conducting functions of ion channels in cancer and neurological disease, Sodium channels and progression of solid tumors, The Elusive Nav1.7: From Pain to Cancer, Signaling Pathways in cancer: Channels Interactome as a novel therapeutic target, Ion channels in cancer drugs resistance, CLIC1: A potential therapeutic target for malignant glioma, Beyond the Building Blocks: Amino Acids as modulators of ion channels and transporters, and Activation of potassium channels unveils tumor vulnerability.

Improving Stress Resilience in Plants: Physiological and Biochemical Basis and Utilization in Breeding addresses the urgent need for improved understanding of major plant stress tolerance mechanisms, the identification of the genes, and gene products that are key to improving those mechanisms and means of optimizing those genes through molecular approaches. With a focus on plant physiological and biochemical attributes at both cellular and whole plant levels, this book includes the latest information on crosstalk between the various signaling molecules and quantitative trait locus (QTL). Further, it explores the extension of these mechanisms to breeding approaches, confirming overall understanding and inspiring further research. Written by a team of global experts, and presented in three thematic sections, the book provides insights into physical adaptations, metabolism and pathways, and breeding techniques including CRISPR and conventional approaches to reduce the negative effects of stresses and improve crop yield even under stress conditions. It is an ideal resource for researchers, academics and advanced students seeking to improve stress tolerance among crop plants and developing key future strategies for sustainable food production.

Enzymes in RNA Science and Biotechnology, Volume 691 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, including chapters on Reverse transcriptase Part I (discovery, preparation, general utilization, MarathonRT for routine RT-PCR and for cDNA synthesis on challenging RNA templates Structured RNAs, repeat RNAs and more, Engineering TNA Polymerases Through Iterative Cycles of Directed Evolution, Reverse transcriptase Part II (RNA structure mapping and determination), RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structure detection using RTS and SHALiPE assays, tRNA Structure-seq in vivo and in droplets, Capture the in vivo intact RNA structurome by CAP-STRUCTURE-seq, and more.

The Enzymes, Volume 54 highlights new advances in enzymes, with new chapters on a variety of topics, including the History of The Enzymes, Impact of The Enzymes in chronicling biochemical processes and pathways, Metabolism and Catalysis, Mitochondrial ATP synthase, The respiratory chain, A century of mitochondrial research, Five decades of metalloenzymology, Mechanisms of catalysis, Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and associated processes, Signaling, MAPK cascades: Origins, mechanisms and current status, Sphingolipids: From structural components to signaling hubs, Protein Homeostasis and Hydrolysis, Mitochondrial AAA+ proteases, Hsp70 and JDP proteins: structure-function perspective on molecular chaperone activity. Other sections cover DNA Replication and Repair, Structure-function studies of DNA replication proteins, and Helicases required for nucleotide excision repair.

Lipases: Foundations, Applications, and Perspectives, a new volume in the Foundations and Frontiers of Enzymology series, offers a practical, in-depth discussion of lipases and instruction in their use across research and industry. Here, global experts in the field introduce readers to basic lipase biology and the history of the field, interfacial activation and lipase lids, evolving analytical techniques and technology for studying lipases, and a range of lipase applications, from health and drug discovery to biofuels, food, cosmetics, and waste treatment. Lipase sources and production methods discussed include mammalian lipases, microbial lipase production, biomass lipase production, immobilized lipases, and tailor-made recombinant lipases, among other approaches.

ZIP Metal Ion Transporters, Volume 684 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of topics, including Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology, Structure determination of a bacterial ZIP in lipidic cubic phase, Cell-based metal transport assay for animal and plant ZIPs, Measurement of metal binding affinity and transport activity in ZIP transporters using spectroscopic methods, Considerations in production of the (prokaryotic) ZIP family transporters for structural and functional studies, Metal-protein interactions investigated using model systems: thermodynamic, spectroscopic and computational methods, and more. Additional chapters cover Getting Zinc Into and Out of Cells, In-silico modeling of ZIP9 (TBD), Cellular Function and Regulation, Methods to visualize zinc transporter proteins of the SLC39A family in cells, Assessing metal ion transporting activity of ZIPs: intracellular zinc and iron detection, In vitro studies for studying manganese transport and homeostasis, and much more.

Phage Therapy - Part A, Volume 200 is an informative text on phage and their use for treatment in bacterial infections. The book highlights a number of aspects of the phage in a way that can help students, researchers, clinicians, entrepreneurs and stakeholders perform their research with great interest. Chapters in this new release cover An introduction to bacteriophage and their therapeutic applications, Isolation, screening and characterization of phage, Synthetic phage and their application in phage therapy, Phage engineering for development of diagnostic tools, Phage design and directed evolution to evolve phage for therapy, and more. Additional sections cover Host-phage interactions and modelling for therapy, Phage and phage cocktails formulations, Phage for treatment of Escherichia coli infection, Phage for treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, Phage for treatment of Salmonella spp infection, Phage for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection, and Phages for treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

Phage Therapy - Part B, Volume 201 covers bacteriophage and their isolation, screening, synthetic phage, diagnostics, directed evolution, host interaction, and more. The book's aim is to highlight a number of aspects of phage in a way that can help students, researchers, clinicians, entrepreneurs and stakeholders perform research. Sections cover Phages for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, Phage for the treatment of Vibrio cholerae infection, Phages for the treatment of Mycobacterium species, Phage therapy for gut microbiome, Phages as delivery vehicles, Phage display, Unlocking the potential of Phages: Innovative Approaches to harnessing Bacteriophages as Diagnostic Tools for Human Diseases, and more. Other sections explore Phage display and human disease detection, Bacteriophage as Cargo and its application in nanomedicine, Phage for drug delivery vehicles, Genome editing for phage design and uses for therapeutic applications, Phage for cancer therapy, and Phage for regenerative medicine and cosmetics.

This book presents a collection of chapters on Covid-19 topics, with focus on the metabolomics and diagnosis. The chapters report on diagnostic tests for detection of SARC-CoV-2 virus and related proteins as well as post-Covid omics. This book covers Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy and spectromicroscopy applied to Covid-19 studies and Carbon Nanomaterials as Covid-19 Electrochemical sensors. Moreover, the reader will find content on 3D printing for virus diagnosis, as well as organ-on-a-chip models for viral infection proteomics interaction.

This collection explores the latest advances in riboregulators, such as RNA-only systems and ribonucleoprotein systems, and provides detailed techniques to study, evolve, and design them. Beginning with a set of chapters focused on the design and application of small RNA (sRNA) regulator systems, the book continues with sections on techniques to create switchable riboregulator systems known as riboswitches, technologies that leverage RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas systems to edit the epigenome, control gene expression, and create diagnostics, as well as computational and experimental techniques to investigate the sequence-structure-function relationship of RNA systems that can both advance fundamental understanding and rational design of riboregulators. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, andtips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Riboregulator Design and Analysis is an ideal guide for scientists and engineers interested in the design and application of riboregulators and driving further innovation in the field.

This volume details cutting-edge methods and protocols for the development, characterization, and applications of multienzyme assemblies. Chapters guide readers through up-to-date techniques applied for the development and emerging applications of multi-enzymatic systems for biotransformations, biosensing, molecular-scale diagnostics and bioelectronics. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Multienzymatic Assemblies: Methods and Protocols aims to be useful for academics and industry professionals working in the field of biotechnology, biochemistry, chemical and biological engineering, nanobiotechnology, and biocatalysis.

Antimicrobial Peptides: A Roadmap for Accelerating Discovery and Development covers the most important efforts of scientists and engineers worldwide to accelerate the process of discovery, production, and eventual market penetration of more potent antimicrobial peptides. These efforts have been fueled by emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and data science, molecular and CFD simulations, easy-to-use process simulation packages, microfluidics, 3D-printing, among many others. Such technologies can now be implemented and scaled up quickly and at relatively low cost in low-budget production facilities, critical to moving to sustainable and marketable products worldwide. Discovering novel antimicrobial peptides rationally and cost-effectively has emerged as one of the significant challenges of modern biotechnology. Thus far, this process has been tedious and costly, resulting in molecules with activities far below those needed to address the current challenge of microbial resistance to antibiotics that takes the lives of thousands of people around the world every year. Finally, the book also highlights how multidisciplinary teams have assembled to address the challenges of manufacturing, biological testing, and clinical trials to finally reach complete translation.

This edited book highlights the plant and cell/organ culture systems, and environmental and genetic transformation-based modulation of biochemical pathways. Special focus is given to microRNA-based technology, heterologous systems expression of enzymes and pathways leading to products of interest, as well as applications using both model and non-model plant species.Metabolic engineering is usually defined as the re-routing of one or more enzymatic reactions to generate new compounds, increase the production of existing compounds, or facilitate the degradation of compounds. Plants are the foundation of numerous compounds which are synthesized via assimilated complex biosynthetic routes. Plants have evolved an incredible arrangement of metabolic pathways leading to molecules/compounds capable of responding promptly and effectively to stress situations imposed by biotic and abiotic factors, some of which supply the ever-growing needs of humankind for natural chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, agrochemicals, food and chemical additives, biofuels, and biomass. However, in foreseeable future we will be forced to think about the accessibility of resources for the generations to come. For these reasons, the book proposes alternative options of food/food supplement, medicines and other essential items, by using plant metabolic engineering approach. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers and academic experts. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of biotechnology and molecular biology of plants.

This detailed volume explores techniques to study reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants and to characterize their roles in development and stress responses. Beginning with a section on strategies to induce ROS production, the book continues with methods to visualize ROS and detect changes in redox homeostasis, small-scale and targeted analyses for investigating the effects of ROS accumulation during stress on plant physiology and metabolism, as well as systems biology approaches to understand ROS functions. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants: Methods and Protocols serves as a vital resource that any researcher, and in particular young researchers, can use and adapt to further our knowledge of this dynamic area of plant science.

This detailed volume explores experimental laboratory procedures for a wide range of steroid bioconversions. After an overview on the current trends and perspectives, the book continues with sections covering microbial screening and synthetic biology applied to microorganisms able to catabolize sterols, methods on strain characterization, including omics and biochemical analyses, methods of fermentation and biocatalysis for steroids production, as well as a chapter on the medical use of glucocorticoids in cancer patients. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Microbial Steroids: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal reference source for laboratory and industrial professionals, as well as for students in a wide array of biological disciplines.

Revised edition of: Lehninger principles of biochemistry / David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox. Seventh edition. [2017].

This book summarizes the recent developments of mass spectrometry techniques in microbial analysis for researchers in the field and for those who are about to enter the field.

Providing a comprehensive overview of advanced biophysical methods for the characterization of molecular chaperones, most of the contributions are NMR methodology targeted at both current practitioners of structural biology and scientists who are interested in entering the field.

This second edition provides a sound basis for the molecular investigation of NLR function in health and disease. Chapters focus on NLR as innate immune receptors, "atypical" inflammasomes, biochemical and novel bioluminescence techniques for the measurement of IL-1b as readout of NLR-based inflammasomes, bioluminescent probe, biochemical and microscopy techniques, techniques to measure caspase-1 activation, cell free systems for the study of inflammasome function, and inflammasome activation. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, NLR Proteins: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researcher sand experts looking to expand their knowledge.

This volume covers various aspects of affinity chromatography along with examples of its applications. Chapters guide readers through methodologies to purify a diverse array of molecular targets such as antibodies, extracellular vesicles, recombinant proteins, biomarkers, metabolites, plant organelles, nucleic acids, ligand identification and protocols on building affinity matrix. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Affinity Chromatography: Methods and Protocols aims to be an invaluable resource to anyone employing affinity chromatography-based methodologies.

This book highlights the different aspects of the research project ¿E4C Horizon 2020 European Project¿ aimed at fighting the coronavirus by combining the best supercomputing resources and artificial intelligence with state-of-the-art experimental facilities up through clinical validation.Coronavirus disease has become an important public issue across the globe since December 2019. There is an urgent need to develop potent anti-COVID-19 agents for the prevention of the outbreak and stop viral infections.To this aim, a public¿private consortium composed by European and national infrastructures, center of excellence, universities, and a pharmaceutical company started the E4C Horizon 2020 EuropeanProject: Its core idea was to use the EXaSCale smArt pLatform Against paThogEns (EXSCALATE) supercomputing platform for a process known as ¿drug repurposing¿, namely to identify the most promising safe in man drugs for immediate treatment of the already infected population and then novel pan-coronavirus inhibitors to address future emergencies.This ambitious goal exploited a ¿chemical library¿ of 500 billion molecules, thanks to a processing capacity of more than 3 million molecules per second, made available by the computing power of the EXSCALATE platform.

This book provides an up-to-date overview of key areas of ageing research and bridges the gap between the subcellular events and the reality of ageing as seen in clinical practice.To this end, the reader learns about the historical development and progression of clinical ageing research. All chapters address the biochemistry or cell biology of various ageing events (to the extent that the data are available) and work their way to the clinical understanding we have of ageing. The focus of this volume is on how dietary restriction, virus infection and chronic inflammation affect the ageing process. Additionally, this book discusses how phosphate metabolism and metabolic dysfunction contribute to ageing events and how various organs and tissues (e.g. tendons, ears, heart muscle, and the endocrine system) age. This book follows on from Parts I, II and III of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Ageing within the Subcellular Biochemistry book series and aims to bring the subcellular and clinical areas into closer contact by including interesting and significant biomedical ageing topics that were not included in the earlier volumes. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, this book is a valuable resource for experienced researchers and early career scientist alike, who are interested in learning more about the fascinating and challenging question of why and how our cells age.

This book covers the latest development in the biotechnological application of extremophiles. Along with this the impact of climate change and environmental pollution on loss of diversity of extremophiles is also discussed. This is crucial as the loss of this diversity is related with the loss of many bioactive compounds and bacteria of ecological importance. This volume outlines applications of extremophiles in biotechnology, nanotechnology, and bioremediation.