Cellebiologi (cytologi)

The book will contain reviews and brief research articles from the participants attending the International Society for Arterial Chemoreception (ISAC) meeting, to be held in Lisbon in Portugal in June/July 2020. Since ISAC was first established, almost 70 years ago, many advances in the classical field of arterial O2, CO2 and pH sensing have been achieved but the most impressive ones are probably related to the non-canonical roles of the carotid body, as its involvement in sympatho-mediated diseases. Over the recent years, the carotid body field has gained attention with the findings that carotid body dysfunction is associated with the development/maintenance of highly prevalent diseases from cardio-metabolic diseases to asthma. Knowing that most of the patients with these pathologies lack long-term disease control, it is imperative to define new pathophysiological mechanisms aiming to find new therapeutic targets for treatment and prevention. This book will cover a broad range of topics related, not only with the fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms related with the chemical sensing in the carotid body, but also with the adaptive and mal-adaptive responses of arterial chemoreceptors to O2-dependent and O2-independent mechanisms, namely with their impact on respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic homeostasis in healthy and disease conditions. This volume will be required text for all the researchers in the field of arterial chemoreceptors and will provide a valuable reference source for years to come.

This volume explores the dynamic topic of tight junctions. The book focuses on tight junctions' role in sealing adjacent epithelial cells in a narrow band just beneath their apical surface. The book explains how tight junctions consist of a network of claudins and other proteins, and delves into how they hold cells together and form functional and protective barriers, regulating the passage of molecules and ions through the space between cells.The book opens with a discussion of the evolution of research on tight junctions, discussing a range of primary areas of growth, including the current knowledge on the particular physiological function of different claudins due to the development of an array of knock out mice. The chapters also explore in-depth studies of tight junctions in specific tissues (gut, lung and endothelia). This book offers a comprehensive understanding on post-translational modifications of occludin and its impact on tight junction function, as well as the molecular composition and function of tricellular tight junctions. This volume is particularly relevant to students and scientists in neuroscience, cell biology, physiology, cell differentiation, and cancer research.

This book discusses the role of oxidative stress in human reproduction with a focus on men's health. The physiological roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in male fertility are the focus in this book. This topic is important because oxidative stress is a result of the imbalance between ROS and antioxidants in the body which may lead to sperm damage (DNA or count), deformity, and eventually, male infertility. Therefore, for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to male genotoxicity and its regulation in infertility, this book provides an up-to-date view on the impact of oxidative stress factors in male reproduction .The main aim of this book is to collect a series of research articles and reviews from a diverse group of scientists to share their research work on the role of ROS or oxidative stress in physiological and pathological states in relation to (in)fertility in the male. This book presents various state-of-the-art chapters of the recent progress in the field of cellular toxicology and clinical manifestations of various issues related to men's health and fertility. Topics include cell signaling, DNA damage and infertility, the pathophysiology of disease instigation and distribution, immune toxicity and prevention.

Ion Channels in Cancer, Volume 92 in the Current Topics in Membranes series, highlights advances in the field, including chapters on the Interplay of calcium and potassium signals in cell cycle and cancer, Non-conducting functions of ion channels in cancer and neurological disease, Sodium channels and progression of solid tumors, The Elusive Nav1.7: From Pain to Cancer, Signaling Pathways in cancer: Channels Interactome as a novel therapeutic target, Ion channels in cancer drugs resistance, CLIC1: A potential therapeutic target for malignant glioma, Beyond the Building Blocks: Amino Acids as modulators of ion channels and transporters, and Activation of potassium channels unveils tumor vulnerability.

Ionizing Radiation and the Immune Response, Part B, Volume 378 reviews the latest knowledge on the immune response induced by ionizing radiations. Specific chapters in this new release include NK functions in radio-induced immune response, TRT and immune response, Radio-induced immune response and lipid metabolism, Effect of protons and heavy ions on immune response, Effect of flash therapy and mini beam on immune response, Radio-induced lymphopenia, CT to potentiate radio-induced immune response, Impact of RT on healthy tissues (inflammation), Radio-induced macrophagic response, To use nanoparticles and ionizing radiations to modulate immune response: opinion of the chemist, biologist and clinician, and much more. Other sections cover the Role of Dendritic cells in radiation-induced immune response, the Relationship between the tumor microenvironment and the efficacy of the radiotherapy/immunotherapy combination, and Biomarkers of radiation induced response to optimize radio-immunotherapy combination.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology, Volume 381 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting topic on Overview of Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Updates.

Flow Cytometry in Immuno-oncology, Volume 173 in the Methods in Cell Biology series, highlights advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on timely topics, Basic principles of Flow cytometry in immuno-oncology, Good practice and methods for flow cytometry in immuno-oncology, Automated flow cytometry in immuno-oncology, Flow cytometric analysis of Tregs in solid tumors, Multiparametric analysis of Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in solid tumors, Analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in intracranial glioblastoma, Assessing chromosomal abnormalities in leukemias by Imaging flow cytometry, Flow cytometric analysis of cellular alkaline phosphatase in acute myeloid leukemia, and much more.

Much research has focused on the basic cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells. Much of this research has been fueled by their potential for use in regenerative medicine applications, which has in turn spurred growing numbers of translational and clinical studies. However, more work is needed if the potential is to be realized for improvement of the lives and well-being of patients with numerous diseases and conditions.This book series 'Cell Biology and Translational Medicine (CBTMED)' as part of Springer Nature's longstanding and very successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series, has the goal to accelerate advances by timely information exchange. Emerging areas of regenerative medicine and translational aspects of stem cells are covered in each volume. Outstanding researchers are recruited to highlight developments and remaining challenges in both the basic research and clinical arenas. This current book is the 15th volume of a continuing series.

This edited book highlights the plant and cell/organ culture systems, and environmental and genetic transformation-based modulation of biochemical pathways. Special focus is given to microRNA-based technology, heterologous systems expression of enzymes and pathways leading to products of interest, as well as applications using both model and non-model plant species.Metabolic engineering is usually defined as the re-routing of one or more enzymatic reactions to generate new compounds, increase the production of existing compounds, or facilitate the degradation of compounds. Plants are the foundation of numerous compounds which are synthesized via assimilated complex biosynthetic routes. Plants have evolved an incredible arrangement of metabolic pathways leading to molecules/compounds capable of responding promptly and effectively to stress situations imposed by biotic and abiotic factors, some of which supply the ever-growing needs of humankind for natural chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, agrochemicals, food and chemical additives, biofuels, and biomass. However, in foreseeable future we will be forced to think about the accessibility of resources for the generations to come. For these reasons, the book proposes alternative options of food/food supplement, medicines and other essential items, by using plant metabolic engineering approach. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers and academic experts. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of biotechnology and molecular biology of plants.

This detailed new edition collects cutting-edge laboratory protocols, techniques, and applications in use by some of the leading international experts in the broad field of chromosome architecture. The book emphasizes the increasing physiological relevance of chromosome architecture investigation, manifest both through application of more complex bottom-up assays in vitro as well as through maintaining the native physiological context through the investigation of living, functional cells. In addition, the chapters reflect the dramatic improvement in the length scale of precision by utilizing single-molecule approaches, both for imaging the DNA content of chromosome and proteins that bind to DNA as well as using methods that can controllably manipulate single DNA molecules, and the use of advanced computational methods and mathematical analysis is also featured. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Chromosome Architecture: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is an ideal guide for researchers working in this dynamic area of study.

Stem cells play an essential role in the body's recuperation process, and the creation of new stem cells has continually shown an excellent promise in the remedy of many situations.If you have been faced with disappointed by unnecessary treatments, the strength to improving your health may be in your stem cells. This book explains how adult stem cell therapy and activators are the new technologies in regenerative medication that will be game changers in medical history. Here's a preview of what you will learnWhat are adult stem cellsWhat are their typesWhere are they located in the human bodyHow to harvest adult stem cellsBenefits and medicinal uses of adult stem cellsStem cell use in cancerMedicinal uses of stem cells other than cancersMuch, much more!It also peeks into the future of stem cell therapy and its application in the field of osteopathic medicine, as well as touches on my own personal journey with this treatment method. It pays to be informed about this very promising treatment option. If you want to learn more about the ability of autologous stem cell therapy to treat osteopathic injuries, then this book is surely worth reading.

This book provides an up-to-date overview of key areas of ageing research and bridges the gap between the subcellular events and the reality of ageing as seen in clinical practice.To this end, the reader learns about the historical development and progression of clinical ageing research. All chapters address the biochemistry or cell biology of various ageing events (to the extent that the data are available) and work their way to the clinical understanding we have of ageing. The focus of this volume is on how dietary restriction, virus infection and chronic inflammation affect the ageing process. Additionally, this book discusses how phosphate metabolism and metabolic dysfunction contribute to ageing events and how various organs and tissues (e.g. tendons, ears, heart muscle, and the endocrine system) age. This book follows on from Parts I, II and III of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Ageing within the Subcellular Biochemistry book series and aims to bring the subcellular and clinical areas into closer contact by including interesting and significant biomedical ageing topics that were not included in the earlier volumes. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, this book is a valuable resource for experienced researchers and early career scientist alike, who are interested in learning more about the fascinating and challenging question of why and how our cells age.

This book covers the molecular structures and the cellular and in vivo function of endosomes and lysosomes, i.e. intracellular vesicles which are involved in many cellular processes such as endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, degradation of material from inside (e.g. autophagy) and outside the cell as well as exocytosis. Membranes of endolysosomal organelles contain an amazing number and diversity of ion channels. These ion channels are the topic of the present book that focusses on describing the structure, the biophysical properties, physiological functions of endolysosomal ion channels at the molecular, cellular and in vivo level.

This volume explores updated and entirely new experimental approaches used to investigate phagocytosis and phagosome maturation. In order to aid in the study of engulfment, maturation, resolution, and pathogen manipulation of phagocytes, the book features methodology to quantify uptake and maturation specific to certain phagocytes, particles, or pathogens, while other chapters offer methods that can be applied generically across the field. Methods are presented to study phagocytosis and phagosome maturation in vivo, in cellulo, and through in vitro analyses. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Phagocytosis and Phagosomes: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as a vital resource for both experts in the field as well as for investigators delving into phagocytosis and phagosome maturation for the first time.

This SpringerBrief explores unconventional functions of eight different transcription factors and concludes with a discussion of their biological significance and impact, including effects on processes within the cell nucleaus during development and in adult organisms. Chapter One details unconventional functions of the transcription factors GAGA, HP1, Rb, STAT, ATF-2 and NF-kB. Surprisingly, all of these transcription factors can be found in association with heterochromatin as well as euchromatin, and in some cases unconventional functions have been demonstrated for these heterochromatin-associated factors. Chapter Two focuses on the unconventional functions of STAT and HP1 and discusses their roles in the promotion of longevity, and in protection from cancer and DNA damage. Chapter Three explores the biological significance of the findings presented in the first two chapters and considers how global changes in the epigenome brought about by factors such as STAT and HP1 might affect processes within the cell nucleus during development and in adult organisms. This succinct yet thorough SpringerBrief is essential for researchers studying epigenetics, and to instructors of the subject. It should also appeal to people interested in the control of gene transcription and other processes in the cell nucleus, and to those interested in development.

The present work corresponds to a compilation of independent contributions in the fields of endocrinology, immunity, cancer, neurobiology, and myology. Revision of current advances as well as novel findings in the form of original articles are presented in a balanced fashion. The book has been divided into three sections in line with the main subject: Molecular pathology of immune, inflammatory, and hemostatic disorders; Molecular pathology of endocrine and muscular disorders; and Molecular pathology of cancer: determinants and potential therapies. In the first section, contributing authors take the reader through the molecular pathology of immune responses, inflammation, and hemostasis, by collating an update on systemic autoimmune diseases, the therapeutic potential of statins in hemostasis, the effects of adrenergic stimulation on coagulation, the emerging field of physical burnout due to the mobility restrictions in response to the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic imposed worldwide, and the success of community-oriented muscular kinesic rehabilitation. The second section presents engaging results from a survey of iodine intake through the diet of pregnant females, an appraisal of the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine, novel evidence on muscle physiopathology, describing the upregulation of CCL5/RANTES during cholestatic liver disease, the fibrotic response emerging in response to cholic and deoxycholic acids, and the altering effects of bile acids in autophagy and mitogenesis. In the third section, a comprehensive revision of cancer literature is offered with an emphasis on melanoma, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, microRNA-based diagnostic approaches, and new avenues for cancer immunotherapy. Altogether, these individual contributions offer a comprehensive and up-to-date outlook of the current state in the field of molecular pathology.Chapter 14 is available open access under a CreativeCommons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book provides an updated account of tight junctions of different epithelia and endothelia and addresses their anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, synthesis, assembly, and modulation. It also discusses the relationship between molecular structure, function, regulation, posttranslational modifications of tight junction proteins and their role in gut microbiota maintenance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and intestinal barrier dysfunction-associated disorders important for the progression of human cancers. This book presents the pathological alterations of tight junctions at the blood-brain barrier that intensify or even initiate neurological dysfunction. Further, it reviews the significance of tight junctions and tight junction proteins in cancer development, infectious diseases, allergic reactions, and autoimmune disorders. Lastly, it highlights strategies for modulating tight junctions to enhance drug availability and organ deposition. This book is immensely useful for basic, translational, clinical, and interdisciplinary cancer researchers, practicing oncologists, and immunologists.

Cell death is critical for embryo development and body growth. Several types of cell death have been discovered. The dysfunction of cell death is responsible for various diseases; however, the mechanism underlying cell death is not fully elucidated. Recent advances in cell death research have led to improved diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management of diverse diseases; however, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. This book presents the most recent advances in cell death and related diseases.

This detailed book provides an exhaustive picture of current methods to detect, isolate, and analyze extracellular vesicles (EVs) from diverse sources, now seen as potential disease biomarkers as well as tools for the development of new therapies. Beginning with a section on detection and isolation of EVs, the volume continues with chapters covering different methods to isolate and quantify EVs from specialized tissues/organs and body fluids, methods devoted to analyzing EV components, as well as cutting-edge methods to engineer EVs. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Extracellular Vesicles in Diagnosis and Therapy serves as an ideal guide for researchers seeking to learn more about the complexities of cell-to-cell communication.

"Novel Combination Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering" by Shivaji Bhikaji Kashte presents a new approach to bone tissue engineering by combining two different materials to create a scaffold for bone regeneration. The author discusses the synthesis and characterization of the scaffold and evaluates its biocompatibility and osteogenic potential.The study demonstrates that the combination scaffold enhances cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation compared to traditional scaffolds. The research also highlights the potential of the combination scaffold in promoting bone regeneration in vivo.Overall, "Novel Combination Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering" is a valuable resource for researchers and scientists working in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The study's findings provide insights into the development of advanced materials for bone regeneration and repair.

This volume explores the diversity of distributed eyes and other unusual visual systems in nature. It compares the unique themes of optics, neural processing, and behavioral control that emerge from these visual systems with more-canonical eyes. This volume attempts to answer a number of questions about distributed visual systems. What are distributed visual systems good for, how do they function, and why have they arisen independently in so many phyla? Why are eye designs and visual system arrangements much more diverse in invertebrates? Each chapter includes an overview of the visual systems that exist in their group of animals, relates vision to ecology, and takes a comparative approach.

This volume covers all methods used to discover the composition, structure, and dynamics of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), as well as the soluble transport factors involved in the transport process. Chapters detail structural biology methods, biophysical, transport factors , and a wide range of model organisms that have been used over the years. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, The Nuclear Pore Complex: Methods and Protocols: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.

This handbook systematically presents biomarkers for traumatic injuries. The book covers topics such as traumatic brain injury, liver injury, burn severity, muscle heart damage, and acute inflammation in polytrauma and their detection by biomarkers.Biomarkers and methods used in critical care and critically ill patients are discussed, as well as biomarkers in trauma and special conditions. Specific biomarker components are explained and models for modeling trauma in research are presented.This systematic handbook is an excellent resource for researchers and specialists in trauma research and treatment, as well as clinicians and physicians who want a thorough overview of various injuries, trauma, and their detection methods.

Much research has focused on the basic cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells. Much of this research has been fueled by their potential for use in regenerative medicine applications, which has in turn spurred growing numbers of translational and clinical studies. However, more work is needed if the potential is to be realized for improvement of the lives and well-being of patients with numerous diseases and conditions.This book series 'Cell Biology and Translational Medicine (CBTMED)' as part of Springer Nature¿s longstanding and very successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series, has the goal to accelerate advances by timely information exchange. Emerging areas of regenerative medicine and translational aspects of stem cells are covered in each volume. Outstanding researchers are recruited to highlight developments and remaining challenges in both the basic research and clinical arenas. This current book is the 18th volume of a continuing series.