Pragmatisme

"Global security, climate and health challenges have called into question our capacity to cope with change. Criticizing mainstream norm, practice and realist theory, Jason Ralph offers a 'Pragmatic Constructivist' theory of learning, which is then used to assess international society's problem-solving capacities"--

The author claims that concerning the "progress" and "development" of the technoscientific mind in the application of artificial intelligence, the anthropological definition of man has become not only outdated and ineffective, but "man" has become "superfluous" for the logic of the digital age. He develops his argumentative assumptions, critically confronting numerous approaches to this problem, from Heidegger, Severino, G. Anders, Deleuze, Simondon, and Wiener. By showing how the prospects of future philosophy presuppose technological singularity and extropy, the link between posthumanism and transhumanism, the author raises the question of the possibility of thinking differently from metaphysics within the labyrinth of language.

Mono no Aware and Gender as Affect in Japanese Aesthetics and American Pragmatism argues that gender is best understood as a felt sense of the organization of the human body. Through Japanese aesthetics and American pragmatism, this book argues that re-understanding gender as an affect, or a feeling, can expand the ways that gender is understood, enacted, and theorized in experience.

Arguing, humanistically, that we live in a "human world" inescapably colored by meaning, this book shows why the pursuit of meaningfulness is not ethically innocent but must be subjected to critique. Pragmatist critique of meaning both embraces critical humanism and rejects theodicies postulating ultimate meaning in suffering.

"A concise, reader-friendly overview of pragmatism, the most influential school of American philosophical thought"--

W. V. Quine's occasional references to his ';pragmatism' have often been interpreted as suggesting a possible link to the American Pragmatism of Peirce, James, and Dewey. Quine, Conceptual Pragmatism, and the Analytic-Synthetic Distinction argues that the influence of pragmatism on Quine's philosophy is more accurately traced to his teacher C.I. Lewis and his conceptual pragmatism from Mind and the World Order, and his later An Analysis of Knowledge and Valuation. Quine's epistemological views share many affinities with Lewis's conceptual pragmatism, where knowledge is conceived as a conceptual framework pragmatically revised in light of what future experience reveals. Robert Sinclair further defends and elaborates on this claim by showing how Lewis's influence can be seen in several key episodes in Quine's philosophical development. This not only highlights a forgotten element of the epistemological backdrop to Quine's mid-century criticism of the analytic-synthetic distinction, but Sinclair further argues that it provides the central epistemological framework for the form and content of Quine's later naturalized conception of epistemology.

"Menneskets udødelighed" er oprindeligt en forelæsning, holdt af filosof, læge og psykolog William James på Harvard University. James anskuer den enkeltes sjæl som en del af en større sjæl, der gemmer sig bag dødens slør. Og denne sjæl – måske Gud, måske en essens, der ikke lader sig beskrive nærmere – er evig. Gennem en sammenvævning af videnskab og mysticisme viser James læseren, at disse to ikke er så adskilte, som man kunne tro. Spirituelle søgende, troende og selv skeptikere vil finde denne diskussion om muligheden af udødelighed både tankevækkende og elektrisk. idden /title /head body center h1 403 Forbidden /h1 /center /body /htmlWilliam James (1842-1910), bror til forfatteren Henry James, var en banebrydende forsker ved Harvard Universitet og en af de mest populære tænkere i det 19. århundrede. James var en af grundlæggerne af den såkaldte pragmatisme inden for filosofien og skrev bl.a. en psykologisk lærebog i to bind, "Principles of Psychology", der både er en bestseller og en klassiker.

This book examines the contributions of William James, John Dewey, F.C.S. Schiller, C.S. Peirce, George Herbert Mead, and Jane Addams to a case for a pragmatist philosophy of history. Together, they expand our understanding on how we process the past, which impacts our present and our future.

Combining political philosophy with a study of political behavior, Richard T. Longoria examines the contradictory nature of public opinion on policy issues. He argues that public opinion is often characterized by dialetheial paradoxes-when a statement and the contradiction of that statement are both held to be true. For example, a voter may express a desire for a balanced federal budget but also be against reducing entitlement programs, increasing taxes, or any other solution to achieve that goal. Longoria focuses on various social issues and domestic and foreign policies to explore these types of contradictory and incompatible preferences, arguing that they stem from the pragmatic nature of Americans' worldview, which prefers expediency over consistency. These inconsistencies are typically called "non-attitudes," but Longoria suggests it would be better to call them "bi-attitudes." When people have internalized the contradictions and believe in both¬ ideas even when the two are incompatible, they are being transconsistent rather than inconsistent. Transconsistency, Longoria concludes, leads to perpetual dissatisfaction with the political system because the government often attempts to satisfy the incompatible preferences of a two-faced public.

The pragmatic method is primarily a method of settling metaphysical disputes that otherwise might be interminable. Is the world one or many?-fated or free?-material or spiritual?-here are notions either of which may or may not hold good of the world; and disputes over such notions are unending. The pragmatic method in such cases is to try to interpret each notion by tracing its respective practical consequences. What difference would it practically make to anyone if this notion rather than that notion were true? If no practical difference whatever can be traced, then the alternatives mean practically the same thing, and all dispute is idle. Whenever a dispute is serious, we ought to be able to show some practical difference that must follow from one side or the other's being right. Newly designed and typeset by Waking Lion Press.

In three comprehensive volumes, Logic of the Future presents a fullpanorama of Charles S. Peirce¿s important late writings. Among themost influential American thinkers, Peirce took his existential graphs tobe his greatest contribution to human thought. The manuscriptsfrom 1895¿1913, most of which are published here for the first time, testify therichness and open-endedness of his theory of logic and its applications.They also invite us to reconsider our ordinary conceptions of reasoning aswell as the conventional stories told about the evolution of modern logic. Peirce¿s 1904-1908 writings on pragmaticism define his mature philosophy, grounded upon the principles of logical analysis as provided by existential graphs. This third volume of the series includes a comprehensive selection of letters exchanged from 1898-1913 between Peirce and his colleagues and collaborators on the logic and philosophy of existential graphs.

2020 Reprint of the 1907 Edition. Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that, very broadly, understands knowing the world as inseparable from agency within it. This general idea has attracted a remarkably rich and at times contrary range of interpretations, including: that all philosophical concepts should be tested via scientific experimentation, that a claim is true if and only if it is useful (relatedly: if a philosophical theory does not contribute directly to social progress then it is not worth much), that experience consists in transacting with rather than representing nature, that articulate language rests on a deep bed of shared human practices that can never be fully 'made explicit'. Its first generation was initiated by the so-called 'classical pragmatists' Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), who first defined and defended the view, and his close friend and colleague William James (1842-1910), who further developed and ably popularized it. During this initial period, pragmatists focused significantly on theorizing inquiry, meaning and the nature of truth. In this book, James tests competing systems of thought in the "marketplace of actual experience" to determine their validity. In other words, he examines whether adopting a particular philosophical theory or way of looking at the world makes an actual difference in individual conduct. James not only makes a strong case for his own ideas but also mounts a powerful attack against the transcendental and rationalist tradition.

Hilary Whitehall Putnam was one of the leading philosophers of the second half of the 20th century. As student of Rudolph Carnap's and Hans Reichenbach's, he went on to become not only a major figure in North American analytic philosophy, who made significant contributions to the philosophy of mind, language, mathematics, and physics but also to the disciplines of logic, number theory, and computer science. He passed away on March 13, 2016. The present volume is a memorial to his extraordinary intellectual contributions, honoring his contributions as a philosopher, a thinker, and a public intellectual. It features essays by an international team of leading philosophers, covering all aspects of Hilary Putnam's philosophy from his work in ethics and the history of philosophy to his contributions to the philosophy of science, logic, and mathematics. Each essay is an original contribution. "Hilary Putnam is one of the most distinguished philosophers of the modern era, and just speaking personally, one of the smartest and most impressive thinkers I have ever been privileged to know-as a good friend for 70 years. The fine essays collected here are a fitting tribute to a most remarkable figure." Noam Chomsky, Institute Professor Emeritus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology "In Engaging Putnam excellent philosophers engage the writings and ideas of Hilary Putnam, one of the most productive and influential philosophers of the last century. Putnam stands out because of the combination of brilliance and a firm grasp of reality he brought to a very broad range of issues: the logic and the philosophy of mathematics, free-will, skepticism, realism, internalism and externalism and a lot more. Along with this he offered penetrating insights about other great philosophers, from Aristotle to Wittgenstein. All great philosophers make us think. With many, we try to figure out the strange things they say. With Putnam, we are made to think about clearly explained examples and arguments that get to the heart of the issues he confronts. This book is a wonderful contribution to the continuation of Putnam-inspired thinking." John Perry, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, Stanford University

Illustrates how William James's philosophical pragmatism can help to resolve issues in everyday contemporary life.

An intellectual biography of the American philosopher C. I. Lewis.