Filosofi: logik

¡ESTIMULA TU MENTE Y DESARROLLA MEJORES HABILIDADES DE PENSAMIENTO CRÍTICO Y FACILITA TU VIDA COTIDIANA!¿Quieres ser genial resolviendo problemas?¿Quieres tomar mejores decisiones?¡Claro que sí!Tomar decisiones es difícil. A menudo tomamos malas decisiones de las que nos arrepentimos más tarde, y no siempre está claro por qué la decisión fue equivocada.Puede que pienses que eres una persona racional que toma buenas decisiones todo el tiempo, pero esto no es necesariamente cierto. Nuestro cerebro utiliza atajos para ayudarnos a tomar decisiones rápidas sin pensar demasiado en ellas, lo que puede llevarnos a cometer errores de juicio.Pensar de forma crítica es esencial para tomar decisiones acertadas y resolver problemas. Y todos queremos pensar de forma más eficaz y eficiente, ¿verdad?Por suerte, el pensamiento crítico puede aprenderse.Este libro te enseñará a superar los sesgos cognitivos y las falacias de pensamiento para que puedas pensar con más claridad en tu vida diaria.En su interior, encontrarás cinco capítulos repletos de información interesante sobre cómo desarrollar habilidades efectivas para la toma de decisiones y la resolución de problemas. También conocerás diferentes técnicas de pensamiento que te ayudarán a mejorar la toma de decisiones.Con la práctica, desarrollarás las habilidades necesarias para tomar decisiones eficazmente y resolver problemas. También aprenderás a pensar en modelos mentales, que es una poderosa herramienta para los pensadores críticos.En este libro, descubrirás:- ¡Una mejor calidad de vida!- Cómo agudizar tu mente y perfeccionar tu capacidad de pensamiento crítico.- Las formas de pensar siempre de forma racional y clara.- Una guía completa con todo lo que necesitas saber sobre el desarrollo de habilidades para resolver problemas.- ¡Información exclusiva que no puedes conseguir en ningún otro sitio!- Una experiencia estimulante para la mente que es algo más que leer información aburrida.¡DESPLÁZATE HACIA ARRIBA, HAZ CLIC EN "COMPRAR AHORA", Y MEJORA TUS HABILIDADES DE PENSAMIENTO CRÍTICO HOY MISMO!

The book analyses the concept of discoverability, and some current epistemological problems related to it, with a special attention to science. It shows that discoverability is closely related to the sustainability of human creativity in an "e;eco-cognitive"e; perspective. Advocating the need of an integral ecology and leveraging the important concept of abduction, it demonstrates that an ecology of human creativity should have priority over other needs, i.e that the first ecological duty is to protect and sustain discoverability. Enhancing discoverability will protect human creativity, and it is exactly human creativity, a form of innovative abductive cognition, that can promote the implementation of the other kinds of ecology. The author guides readers through a comprehensive discussion on the concept of discoverability, eco-cognitive situatedness, and eco-cognitive openness and closure alike. By describing some key real-world examples, he highlights the main challenges that are currently posed to human creativity and epistemic integrity. He also describes future eco-cognitive settings, discussing the problem of overcomputationalism and suggesting a reinterpretation of the role of human knowledge.Overall, this book fills an important gap in the literature on the nexus abduction - creativity - discovery, offering a source of inspiration to philosophers, epistemologists, and cognitive scientists. Yet, it also addresses researchers in other disciplines interested in the problems of scientific discovery and epistemic integrity of research.

Critical thinking is the compass that guides your decisions through life. It's the ability to be aware of information given to you - and act accordingly.Outside of external circumstances, one's critical thinking ability has proven to be the single most important element in determining outcomes in life. And did you know that the teenage years are where the foundation of critical thinking either alters into a beautiful structure or comes crumbling down?In a world where information is everywhere, being able to look through the noise and make sense of it all is paramount. That's why this guide is so incredibly important. Written in a step-by-step, easy to digest format, this guide can help teens become better speakers, debaters, and mindful members of society. Written by renowned youth psychology experts, this guide applies the lens of critical thinking upon the teenage Gen Z experience in the Age of Information.¿ What is the difference between thinking and critical thinking? Unveil how critical thinking can help you to identify assumptions, evaluate arguments, and recognize logical fallacies.¿ How can I become more self-reliant? Mental roadblocks you are facing keeps you from accessing a true growth mindset, developing skills, and taking action.¿ How are biases and logical fallacies sabotaging my decision-making ability? These unconscious mental shortcuts cause us to favor certain beliefs or ideas over others, even when the evidence suggests otherwise.¿ What sources of information am I allowing to sway my opinions? Discover how to establish a balanced and informed worldview.The guide outlines:¿ 10 Cognitive Biases¿ 15 Logical Fallacies¿ Information Analysis Strategies¿ Debate and Argument Strategies¿ Media and Advertisement Analysis Strategies... And real-life examples of how to utilize your new and improved critical thinking abilities in the world.Master Critical Thinking for Teens is the complete guide to improving decision-making skills, mastering problem solving, and conquering logical fallacies.

Die vorliegende Ausarbeitung setzt sich mit der Beziehung auseinander, die Subjekt (Erkenntnisvermögen) und Objekt (Erkenntnisgegenstand) im Denken Theodor W. Adornos zueinander einnehmen. Sie fragt, genauer gefasst, wie das Subjekt den darin angestrebten philosophischen Zugang zu seinem Objekt herstellen kann, der sich aus dezidierter Distanz und enger Nähe zugleich speisen soll. Dazu möchte sie dem dialektischen Gefüge von Subjekt und Objekt, wie es in Adornos Schriften zur Geltung kommt, weiter nachgehen: Sie möchte dessen zentrale Aspekte herausstellen, ihren Zusammenhang kenntlich machen und das bei Adorno Ungesagte weiter ausdeuten.

"Volume 27 of Heidegger's Complete Works offers a translation of the lecture course Einleitung in die Philosophie, which Martin Heidegger delivered in the winter semester of 1928-29 at the University of Freiburg. This course represents an important bridge between the last course Heidegger offered at Marburg in summer semester 1928, The Metaphysical Foundations of Logic, and the seminal winter semester 1929-30 course The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics. The two major themes treated in the course are the relation between philosophy and science and that between philosophy and Weltanschauung. It will come as no surprise to those familiar with Heidegger's work and teaching that the course is anything but a schematic introduction to an academic discipline labeled Philosophy. It is designed instead as a veritable initiation into philosophical thinking, with the stated aim of "getting philosophizing underway.""--

This book, Thales and the Beginnings of European Reflection, is more than a field guide to all major testimonies about Thales. It does not merely contain a summary and critique of the available literature on the subject, but also lays down a new, holistic interpretation of Thales from a perspective that brings to light several important, but previously overlooked issues. An emphasis on mythology in Thales¿ thought combined with discourse analysis and a comprehensive treatment of his thinking in its pre-philosophical and pre-scientific unity is hoped to offer a unique and deeper insight into Thales¿ genius and the beginnings of European reflection.

Medieval debates over "divine creation" are systematically obscured in our age by the conflict between "Intelligent Design" Creationists and Evolutionists. The present investigation cuts through the web of contemporary conflicts to examine problems seated at the heart of medieval talk about creation. From three representative authors we learn that the doctrine of divine creation is supposed to invite understanding of the relation between artistic freedom and natural necessity, of the very essence of causality, and thereby of the nexus between experience (our world of empirical determinations) and reality (the absolute indetermination of eternal being). Most importantly, medieval scholarship shows us that the problems it addresses are originally inherent in the understanding itself, whereby the question of being emerges as inseparable from the question of interpretation.

This book focuses on the problem of responsibility voids: these are cases where responsibility for a morally undesirable outcome cannot be attributed to any of the involved agents. Responsibility voids are thought to occur in collective decision-making and in the context of artificial intelligent systems. In these cases, philosophers worry that there is a shortfall of moral responsibility. In particular, such voids are often assumed to justify a notion of collective responsibility that cannot be reduced to individual responsibility. One of the aims of the book is to study how collective responsibility and joint action relate to individual responsibility and individual actions. The book offers a unifying framework for modelling moral responsibility by drawing from modal logic and game theory.The book investigates the possibility and scope of the problem of responsibility voids. One of its characteristics is its pluralistic perspective on moral responsibility: in contrast to giving a unique and all-encompassing definition of it, the book makes progress by spelling out and modelling several conceptions of moral responsibility. One of the appealing features of the book is that a relatively small range of models is used to investigate a variety of conceptions of moral responsibility. The unifying framework can thus be used to characterize the conditions under which responsibility voids are ruled out.

Have you avoided arguments because you were afraid they would explode into a shouting match and threaten your most important relationships?What if you could speak your mind in an argument and not only win, but get people to like you more than they did before? How To Win Argument.Imagine going through life never fearing if a disagreement or conflict will come up. Because you know you can handle it. Imagine welcoming arguments as an opportunity. Not just to win, but to actually deepen and improve your relationships.Download this book today and discover:How to spot circular logic and nip it in the budHow to form credible arguments with sound reasoningHow to win every family argumentHow to spot appeals to emotion and counter themHow fallacies are used and abused in politicsFallacies used in gun legislationFallacies used in healthcareAnd much, much more!You can learn how and when to stand your ground without becoming "the bad guy" or losing face by relinquishing the ethical high ground.What you say is only a small portion of winning the argument. Learn how emotion and body language can make or break your well spoken position.

This monograph is a defence of the Fregean take on logic. The author argues that Frege¿s projects, in logic and philosophy of language, are essentially connected and that the formalist shift produced by the work of Peano, Boole and Schroeder and continued by Hilbert and Tarski is completely alien to Frege's approach in the Begriffsschrift. A central thesis of the book is that judgeable contents, i.e. propositions, are the primary bearers of logical properties, which makes logic embedded in our conceptual system. This approach allows coherent and correct definitions of logical constants, logical consequence, and truth and connects their use to the practices of rational agents in science and everyday life.

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Dynamic Logic, DaLí 2022, held in Haifa, Israel, in July/August 2022.The 8 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 22 submissions. They deal with new trends and applications in the area of Dynamic Logic.

Political philosophy is rooted in moral philosophy, where prescriptions of right action for theindividual are amplified to prescriptions of right action for state and in standard political philosophythe ethical base is typically provided by Kantianism or Utilitarianism(Metz, 2009, p. 335). Thischapter aims to describe and defend a theory of right action implicit in ubuntu, with the intentionthat this can be used as the premise for an African political philosophy - the task of subsequentchapters. In describing an ubuntu ethic, the aim is not to uncover the 'most true' account of ubuntu

This book repairs and revives the Theory of Knowledge research program of Russell¿s Principia era. Chapter 1, 'Introduction and Overview', explains the program¿s agenda. Inspired by the non-Fregean logicism of Principia Mathematica, it endorses the revolution within mathematics presenting it as a study of relations. The synthetic a priori logic of Principia is the essence of philosophy considered as a science which exposes the dogmatisms about abstract particulars and metaphysical necessities that create prisons that fetter the mind. Incipient in The Problems of Philosophy, the program¿s acquaintance epistemology embraced a multiple-relation theory of belief. It reached an impasse in 1913, having been itself retrofitted with abstract particular logical forms to address problems of direction and compositionality. With its acquaintance epistemology in limbo, ScientificMethod in Philosophy became the sequel to Problems. Chapter 2 explains Russell¿s feeling intellectually dishonest. Wittgenstein¿s demand that logic exclude nonsense belief played no role. The 1919 neutral monist era ensued, but Russell found no epistemology for the logic essential to philosophy. Repairing, Chapters 4¿6 solve the impasse. Reviving, Chapters 3 and 7 vigorously defend the facts about Principia. Studies of modality and entailment are viable while Principia remains a universal logic above the civil wars of the metaphysicians.

Zur Erinnerung an den 250. Geburtstag von Hegel versammelt dieser Band mit dem ungewöhnlichen Titel »Das Beste von Hegel - The Best of Hegel« Beiträge zur Aktualität des Hegelschen Denkens. Es geht um ein einziges Thema: jeder Beiträger versucht, das zu pointieren, was ihm als das Beste in Hegels Philosophie gilt, was zu dem theoretisch Herausragenden dieser Philosophie zählt. In den Aufsätzen geht es nicht um Apologie oder Hagiographie, sondern um ein kritisches Interpretieren und kreatives Aufarbeiten der Theoriepotentiale dieser Philosophie, um gegen die heute grassierende >unintelligente Wut< auf den Aristoteles der Neuzeit, den bedeutendsten Philosophen der Moderne, zu argumentieren, um Hegels Gedanken, die auch die nächsten 250 Jahre grundlegend prägen werden. Das Spektrum der jetzt vorliegenden Texte reicht von Hegels moderner Logik bis hin zu Lehrstücken aus der Philosophie des Geistes.