Bevidsthedsfilosofi

I Verdensbilleder og Sindstilstande fortæller Birgit Strandbygaard med både indsigt og humor om sin undersøgelse af, hvordan vores verdensbillede og tidsånden influerer på de holdninger, vi lever ud fra, og i hvilken udstrækning de påvirker vores psyke. Tiden har et overdrevent fokus på ’det ydre menneske’, medens ´det indre menneske´ lever en skyggetilværelse. At det er sådan, får os bl.a. til at udmåle alderen som skridt på livets vej mod døden, en rute, der bliver mindre og mindre attråværdig, jo mere vi nærmers os afslutningen, og det fører ofte til en følelse af meningsløshed. Men hvad er vi, og hvem er vi, når kroppen ikke kan mere? Måske skal døden ikke bekæmpes, men modtages så bevidst og kærligt som muligt? At forsøge det, er muligvis det eneste, der giver glæde og mening?

In Diogenes the Cynic, Jean-Manuel Roubineau presents a moving and authoritative portrait of one of the most idealized and mocked intellectuals in antiquity.

Die neue Reihe Ideen&Argumente ist dem Ideal einer pluralistischen und offenen Argumentationskultur verpflichtet und prasentiert in solider Ausstattung Themen und Fragestellungen, die inhaltlich oder methodisch wichtige Beitrage zur zeitgenossischen Philosophie leisten. Die Publikationen sollen die Vorzuge angelsachsischer und kontinentaler Philosophietraditionen in ein produktives Zusammenspiel bringen. Herausragende, systematisch ausgerichtete Originalausgaben und deutsche Erstausgaben aus allen Teilgebieten der Theoretischen und Praktischen Philosophie finden in Ideen&Argumente ihren Platz. Willkommen sind programmatische Monographien jeglicher philosophischer Provenienz. Es gilt, die zeitgenossische Philosophie in ihrer thematischen und methodischen Vielfalt neu zur Geltung zu bringen.

Raymond Tallis steps into the gap between mind and world to explore what is at stake in our attempts to make sense of our world. He reveals how philosophers, theologians and scientists have sought to demystify our extraordinary sense-making capabilities and how their attempts are of little help in explaining the intelligibility of the world.

The Mysteries Of Magic is a 1927 work by A. E. Waite that explores the life and work of Éliphas Lévi Zahed (1810 - 1875), a French occult author and ceremonial magician. Arthur Edward Waite (1857 - 1942), more commonly referred to as A. E. Waite, was an American-born British mystic and poet. He wrote profusely on the subject of the occult and esoteric matters, and is famous for being the co-creator of the Rider-Waite Tarot deck. His work arguably constitutes the first attempt to systematically studying the history of western occultism, which he viewed more of a spiritual tradition than proto-science or pseudo-religion, as was the more common conception. Contents include: "Life of Alphonse Louis Constant", "Notes on the Mysteries of Magic as expounded in the Occult Philosophy of Eliphas Levi", "Threshold of Magical Science", "Doctrines of Occult Force", "Written Tradition of Magic", "Doctrine of Spiritual Essences, or Kabbalistic Pneumatics", "Ceremonial Magic", "Science of the Prophets", etc. Other works by this author include: "The Alchemical Writings of Edward Kelly" (1893), "Turba Philsophorum" (1894), and "Devil-Worship in France" (1896). Many vintage books such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive. It is with this in mind that we are republishing this volume now in an affordable, modern, high-quality edition complete with a specially-commissioned new biography of the author.

"Menneskets udødelighed" er oprindeligt en forelæsning, holdt af filosof, læge og psykolog William James på Harvard University. James anskuer den enkeltes sjæl som en del af en større sjæl, der gemmer sig bag dødens slør. Og denne sjæl – måske Gud, måske en essens, der ikke lader sig beskrive nærmere – er evig. Gennem en sammenvævning af videnskab og mysticisme viser James læseren, at disse to ikke er så adskilte, som man kunne tro. Spirituelle søgende, troende og selv skeptikere vil finde denne diskussion om muligheden af udødelighed både tankevækkende og elektrisk. idden /title /head body center h1 403 Forbidden /h1 /center /body /htmlWilliam James (1842-1910), bror til forfatteren Henry James, var en banebrydende forsker ved Harvard Universitet og en af de mest populære tænkere i det 19. århundrede. James var en af grundlæggerne af den såkaldte pragmatisme inden for filosofien og skrev bl.a. en psykologisk lærebog i to bind, "Principles of Psychology", der både er en bestseller og en klassiker.

Unsere Entscheidungen treffen wir selbst und frei. Oder nicht? Für unser Menschenbild ist wenig so bedeutend wie die Erfahrung, sich selbst unter Kontrolle zu haben. Doch was sagen Philosophie und Wissenschaft hierzu?Schon lange vor der Diskussion der Willensfreiheit in der Hirnforschung war man sich dieses Problems bewusst. Stephan Schleim nimmt hier den Vortrag des bedeutenden Physikers und Nobelpreisträgers Max Planck aus den 1930er Jahren zum Anlass, das Thema neu zu beleuchten. Dabei steht im Fokus, wie unsere tatsächlichen Entscheidungen in Alltagssituationen beeinflusst werden. Damit hebt sich das Sachbuch von anderen Veröffentlichungen ab, die nur Laborexperimente mit begrenzter Aussagekraft behandeln.Der Autor erklärt das Problem aus den Perspektiven von Psychologie, Neurowissenschaften, Philosophie, Rechtswissenschaften und Physik. Am Anfang werden Grundlagen vermittelt: Was hat es mit der Diskussion von Determinismus/Indeterminismus auf sich? Welche Begriffe von Willensfreiheit gibt es in der Philosophie? Wie werden Entscheidungen in der Psychologie untersucht?Nach Analyse der einschlägigen Forschung bespricht Stephan Schleim, Assoziierter Professor für Theoretische Psychologie, die praktische Dimension des Problems. Wie und warum machen wir Menschen für ihre Entscheidungen verantwortlich? Wie funktionieren Strafrecht und Moral? Und vor allem: Wie werden wir unbewusst beeinflusst und welche Möglichkeiten haben wir, damit umzugehen?

The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Philosophy of Science is a comprehensive resource for feminist thinking about and in the sciences. Its 33 chapters were written exclusively for this Handbook by a group of leading international philosophers as well as scholars in gender studies, women's studies, psychology, economics, and political science.The chapters of the Handbook are organized into four main parts:I. Hidden Figures and Historical CritiqueII. Theoretical FrameworksIII. Key Concepts and IssuesIV. Feminist Philosophy of Science in Practice.The chapters in this extensive, fourth part examine the relevance of feminist philosophical thought for a range of scientific and professional disciplines, including biology and biomedical sciences; psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience; the social sciences; physics; and public policy.The Handbook gives a snapshot of the current state of feminist philosophy of science, allowing students and other newcomers to get up to speed quickly in the subfield and providing a handy reference for many different kinds of researchers.

This Handbook offers students and more advanced readers a valuable resource for understanding linguistic reference; the relation between an expression (word, phrase, sentence) and what that expression is about. The volume's forty-one original chapters, written by many of today's leading philosophers of language, are organized into ten parts:I Early Descriptive TheoriesII Causal Theories of ReferenceIII Causal Theories and Cognitive SignificanceIV Alternate TheoriesV Two-Dimensional SemanticsVI Natural Kind Terms and RigidityVII The Empty CaseVIII Singular (De Re) ThoughtsIX IndexicalsX Epistemology of Reference¿Contributions consider what kinds of expressions actually refer (names, general terms, indexicals, empty terms, sentences), what referring expressions refer to, what makes an expression refer to whatever it does, connections between meaning and reference, and how we know facts about reference. Many contributions also develop connections between linguistic reference and issues in metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science.

Social Research and Disability argues that the contemporary rules of sociological methods outlined in numerous research methods texts make a number of assumptions concerning the researcher including ambulance, sight, hearing and speech. In short, the disabled researcher is not considered when outlining the requirements of particular methods. Drawing upon these considerations, the volume emphasizes how disabled researchers negotiate the empirical process, in light of disability, whilst retaining the scientific rigour of the method. It also considers the negative consequences arising from disabled researchers' attempts at "passing" and the benefits that can emerge from a reflexive approach to method.This innovative and original text will, for the first time, bring together research-active academics, who identify as being disabled, to consider experiences of being disabled within a largely ableist academy, as well as strategies employed and issues faced when conducting empirical research. The driving force of this volume is to provide the blueprints for bringing how we conduct social research to the same standards and vision as how the social world is understood: multi-faceted and intersectional. To this end, this edited collection advocates for a sociological future that values the presence of disabled researchers and normalises research methods that are inclusive and accessible.The interdisciplinary focus of Social Research and Disability offers a uniquely broad primary market. This volume will be of interest not only to the student market, but also to established academics within the social sciences.

The essays, published here for the first time, bring together leading theorists working on smell in a format that allows for deep engagement with the emerging field, while also providing those new to the philosophy of smell with a resource to begin their journey.

This book brings together three distinct research programmes in moral psychology - Moral Foundations Theory, Cognitive Adaptations for Social Exchange, and the Linguistic Analogy in Moral Psychology - and shows that they can be combined to create a unified cognitive science of moral intuition.The book assumes evolution has furnished the human mind with two types of judgement: intuitive and deliberative. Focusing on moral intuitions (understood as moral judgments that were not arrived at via a process of conscious deliberation), the book explores the origins of these intuitions, examines how they are produced, and explains why the moral intuitions of different humans differ.Providing a unique synthesis of three separate established fields, this book presents a new research program that will further our understanding of the various different intuitive moral judgements at the heart of some of the moral tensions within human society.

First published in 1935, The Life and Writings of Giambattista Vico is a succinct biography of the Italian philosopher, Giambattista Vico.

This book defends a novel view of mental representation-of how, as thinkers, we represent the world as being. The book serves as a response to two problems in the philosophy of mind. One is the problem of first-personal, or egocentric, belief: how can we have truly first personal beliefs-beliefs in which we think about ourselves as ourselves-given that beliefs are supposed to be attitudes towards propositions and that propositions are supposed to have their truth values independent of a perspective? The other problem is  how we can think about nonexistents (e.g., Santa Claus) given the widespread view that thought essentially involves a relation between a thinker and whatever is being thought about. The standard responses to this puzzle are either to deny that thought is essentially relational or to insist that it is possible to stand in relations to nonexistents. This book offers an error theory to the problem.The responses from this book arise from the same commitment: a commitment to treating talk of propositions-as the things towards which our beliefs are attitudes-as talk of entities that actually exist and that play a constitutive and explanatory role in the activity of thought. 

Bringing together a diverse array of new and established scholars and creative writers in the rapidly expanding field of memory studies, this collection creatively delves into the multiple aspects of this wide-ranging field. Contributors explore race-ing memory; environmental studies and memory; digital memory; monuments, memorials, and museums; and memory and trauma. Organised around 7 sections, this book examines memory in a global context, from Kashmir and Chile to the US and UK. Featuring contributions on topics such as the Black Lives Matter movement; the AIDS crisis; and memory and the anthropocene, this book traces and consolidates the field while analysing and charting some of the most current and cutting-edge work, as well as new directions that could be taken.

"In The Entanglement, philosopher Alva Noèe explores the inseparability of life, art, and philosophy, and argues that we have radically underestimated the significance of this long recognized but underappreciated reality, what he refers to as the "entanglement." The core of The Entanglement is the idea that human existence is inextricably aesthetic and philosophical. In the first half of the book, Noèe offers a detailed examination of pictures and seeing, writing and speech, and choreography and dancing, which serve as case studies and the base in which the phenomenon of entanglement is set. In later chapters, Noèe deepens this analysis by exploring the nature of the aesthetic itself, and its place in our lives, examining what the entanglement can teach us about science, and, in particular, the project of applying science in the domain of the human. In these later chapters he covers a range of topics, including sex, gender, and the body, psychology and AI, the problem of style, and the nature of 'nature.' Drawing on his work in perception, consciousness, and the philosophy of art, Noèe offers a new model for thinking about the nature of the human, the limits to what a natural science of the human can do on its own, and the irreplaceable importance of art and philosophy for the larger project of studying and understanding ourselves"--

Behandling og pleje, der retter sig mod patienter medskiftende bevidsthedstilstand og nedsat opmærksomhed, kan være en udfordring. Systematisk screening for delirium er derfor vigtigt, da syndromet ofte bliver overset eller forveksles med andre tilstande som demens, depression og angst. Delirium er altid en forværring af patientens tilstand, og detektion er en forudsætning for, at delirium kan behandles. I Delirium belyses mange af syndromets aspekter grundigt gennem forskningsresultater, mens løbende cases giver en patientnær forståelse af emnet. Indledende i bogen findes desuden en omfattende ordforklaringsliste over de begreber, som man ofte støder på og skal kende i forbindelse med deliriumtilstande. Forfattergruppen repræsenterer forskellige professioner med interesse for deliriumproblematikken. Dette giver en dynamisk introduktion til emnet og et samlet overblik over nyere viden om delirium, som kan være særligt relevant for studerende, sygeplejersker, fysioterapeuter, ergoterapeuter, neuropsykologer og læger, men bogen er anvendelig for alle i sundhedssektoren, der arbejder med patienter, som potentielt har delirium.