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Gerhard A. Schwartz geht von einer radikalen Kritik des populären Konstruktivismus/Antirealismus als WISSENSCHAFTLICHE Alternative zum spekulativen Realismus aus.Weiterhin begreift Gerhard A. Schwartz den freien Willen wissenschaftlich als Jahrtausend-Irrtum und löst auf dieser Basis den bisher nicht REALISTISCH konzipierten, scheinbaren Widerspruch von Individuum und Gesellschaft in der Soziologie auf.Seine Thesen:Soziale und gesellschaftliche Strukturen verursachen die Verhaltensverteilungen innerhalb der jeweiligen Struktur.Abweichungen innerhalb dieser Verhaltensverteilungen entstehen durch Unterschiede zwischen den Persönlichkeitsstrukturen der Individuen.Ausnahme-Persönlichkeiten verursachen innerhalb des Evolutionsprozesses (Mutation/Selektion) Strukturveränderungen, wenn sie signifikante Probleme, die in der Struktur historisch und/oder systematisch entstehen, lösen, geniale Konzepte entwickeln oder charismatisch hypnotisieren.Sichern Sie sich jetzt die Neuerscheinung "Der freie Wille und die Feinde der Freiheit" von Gerhard A. Schwartz und ergründen Sie den Realismus der kausalwissenschaftlichen Struktur-Soziologie im Geist Durkheims!

In a world obsessed with getting somewhere at the expense of enjoying where we are, we have forgotten what peace feels like, what a stressless day looks like, what having more time and energy feels like, what feeling healthy feels like, what waking up and not rushing through the day looks like, and what simply being happy feels like. Samson Yung-Abu provides answers on how to slow down and do what humans are supposed to do: live life. This book is a toolbox for living your best life Content:BENEFIT OF GETTING UP AT 5 AMNEW DAY. NEW MONTH. NEW YEARSHOWING UPSETBACKSMENTAL MATURITYPOWER MENTALITYRESILIENCE LEARNING HOW TO WELLNESSFITNESSMOVING ON/ LETTING GOI: YOUSOME SPECIFIC FRIENDLY ADVICE & LIFE LESSONS LEARNED THROUGH LIVING BETTERLIFESTYLE HARD TRUTHMIRROR TALK 5 AM POSITIVE NOTIFICATIONPEACE A lot of books provide us with pieces of information in an attempt to teach us how to do things better, but this one focuses on how to think better through its inspirational positive characteristics. Samson Yung-Abu proposes that one of the most important fundamentals to help us meet daily expectations and live a highly healthy, productive, and peaceful life is understanding when and how to start our day right. The author also provides that often we do know better, but we still fail at doing better with what we know. The author believes that the missing keystone to doing better with what we know is our inability to think positively. As evident in this book, thinking positively is a precursor to doing productively better, personally, socially, and economically. However, to maximise positive thinking, the author proposes that we need the pace and space for it. This is where 5 AM shines at best.

This book offers a radical alternative to the positive orientation of popular psychology. This positive orientation has been criticized numerous times. However, there has yet to be a coherent alternative proposed. We all know today that life hurts and that there is no ultimate remedy to this pain. The positive approach feels to us as dishonest and irrelevant. We require a new, more negative, perspective and practice, one that is honest and does not pretend to offer an escape from the agonies of the world. This book offers in three main chapters a ¿depressive realist¿ perspective that explores the structural role of negativity and tragedy in relation to the individual psyche, society, and nature. It explores the possibility of ¿negative psychoanalysis¿ which takes into account the tragedy of human existence instead of adopting escapist positions.

With an ever-growing body of evidence on the links between different oppressions, never have the debates in Critical Animal Studies surrounding intersectionality in relation to animal ethics been more important. In particular, the arguments related to anthropomorphic attributes of mentality to other than humans promise to provide fruitful new ground for re-assessing human-animal relations. This book maps the central debates surrounding anthropomorphism in relation to our descriptions of animals, their lives, animal mentality, and meaningful communication in the nonhuman world. Rebekah Humphreys synthesizes the work of critical animal theorists, philosophers, and cognitive ethologists, and provides a critical account of how the debates concerning anthropomorphism play a key role in a proper understanding of animal ethics.

"Kontemplasjon er det høyeste uttrykket for menneskets intellektuelle og spirituelle liv. Det er selve livet: helt våkent, helt aktivt, helt levende. Det er åndelig undring. Det er umiddelbar ærefrykt for livets hellighet, for væren." (kap 1. Hva er kontemplasjon?) FRIHETENS FRØ henvender seg til alle åndelig søkende, og “innbyr til en reise mot noe som er så stort og annerledes at våre forestillinger ikke strekker til”, som Jan Schumacher skriver i forordet. Veien går gjennom vårt sanne selv og erfaringen av Gud som kjærlighet og treenighet, til den store, kosmiske dansen. Boken er et av Mertons mest kjente verker, og et betydelig bidrag til den katolske visdomslitteraturen i fotsporene til Johannes av Korset og middelalderens mystikere. Thomas Merton (1915-1968) var katolikk og munk ved cistercienserklosteret Gethsemani i Kentucky, USA, og han regnes som en av de betydeligste amerikanske tenkerne og forfatterne i det 20. århundret. Hans selvbiografi Seven Story Mountain var et forbilde for beat-generasjonen og har blitt en elsket klassiker. Til tross for sin avskjermede klostertilværelse var Merton dypt engasjert i kampen mot Vietnam-krigen og for borgerrettighetsbevegelsen. Gjennom sitt virke førte han en utstrakt korrespondanse med samtidens religiøse ledere, noe som åpnet for en rik utveksling mellom de ulike kontemplative tradisjonene. Hos Merton finner vi en åpen, udogmatisk kristendom som konsentrerer seg om menneskets indre liv og alle tings hellighet.

In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird Marc Richirs Projekt einer Neugründung der Phänomenologie untersucht, das unter dem Leitfaden der Spannung des konkreten Leibes und der subjektiven Leiblichkeit als Weltbezüglichkeit das Phänomen als Phänomen in den Blick zu bekommen versucht. Das Selbst fällt für Richir weder mit dem Leib (dem Phänomenologischen) noch mit dem Körper (dem Symbolischen) zusammen. Zwischen beiden Registern besteht ein unvermeidlicher Abstand, der auf den Überschuss der Erfahrung, das Abenteuer der Sinnbildung in ihrer unendlichen Mannigfaltigkeit hindeutet.Die These der Studie ist, dass der Überschuss des Leibes und der Leiblichkeit im Überschuss des Sprachphänomens bezeugt ist und dass die Spannung zwischen der phänomenologischen Darstellung des Leibes bzw. der Leiblichkeit und ihrer symbolischen Bestimmung im Sprachlichen aufgezeigt werden kann. Zudem wird die interdisziplinäre Anschlussfähigkeit des Ansatzes Richirs profiliert.

This volume provides a broad overview of some cutting-edge philosophical topics of growing interest at the juncture between cognitive science and biology. The main goal is not to integrate the variety of approaches into a single account, but rather to offer diverse perspectives on a collection of selected biological issues of particular philosophical relevance, reflecting the plurality of current research in these areas. Four conceptual vectors give this volume its coherence: Animal and human cognition: With respect to animal cognition, this volume focuses on self-awareness and methodological flaws in the science of animal consciousness. Regarding human cognition, the authors of this volume address various aspects of so-called 4E cognition. Genetics: The role of genes in the development of mind and life has always been philosophically controversial. In this volume, the authors address the possibility of considering post-genomic genes as natural kinds and the proper analysis of the concept of genotype. Teleology: This volume addresses issues of evolutionary causality and teleosemantics, as well as questions relating to biological teleology and regulation. Evolution: Evolution exemplifies better than any other concept the convergence point between philosophy, biology and cognitive sciences. Among other things, the volume deals with the origin of novelties in evolutionary processes from various viewpoints (e.g., cultural evolution and developmental plasticity). Despite their disparity, all these topics belong to a common naturalistic framework. By presenting them in a single volume, the editors want to emphasize the need to always conduct philosophical research on mind and life with tangential domains in mind.This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers of philosophy with a special interest in life, cognition, and evolution, as well as for biologists and cognitive scientists.

This book mathematically analyzes the basic problems of biology, decision making and psychology within the framework of the theory of open quantum systems.In recent years there has been an explosion of interest in applications of quantum theory in fields beyond physics. The main areas include psychology, decision-making, economics, finance, social science as well as genetics and molecular biology. The corresponding models are referred to as quantum-like; they don¿t concern any genuine physical processes in the human brain.Quantum-like models reflect the special features of information processing in biological, cognitive, and social systems which match well with the quantum formalism. This formalism gives rise to the quantum probability model (QP) which differs essentially from Kolmogorov's classical probability model. QP also serves as the basis for quantum information theory.Recently QP has been widely applied to the resolution of the basic paradoxes ofdecision making theory and to modeling experimental data stemming from cognition, psychology, economics, and finance thereby shedding light on probability fallacies and irrational behavior.In this book, the theory of quantum instruments and the quantum master equation are applied to the modeling of biological and cognitive processes, in particular, to the stability of complex biological and social systems interacting with their environment. An essential part of the book is devoted to the theory of the social laser and the Fröhlich condensate.

A somewhat humorous but completely honest answer to the question: "What is a Woman?" The answer includes a biological definition as well as a spiritual description. The book answers the following questions: "What is a woman biologically?" "What is a woman physically?" "What is a woman really?" and ponders the question: "What is a woman Psychologically?" The final chapter of the book describes what a woman is to the author.

This book provides the Latin text and its annotated English translation of the question-commentary of John Buridan (ca. 1300-1360) on Aristotle¿s ¿On the Soul¿. Buridan was the most influential Parisian nominalist philosopher of his time. His work speaks across centuries to our modern concerns in the philosophy of mind. This volume completes the project of a volume published earlier in the same series: ¿Questions on the Soul by John Buridan and Others¿. An appealing book for scholars of Aristotle and those who are in the field of Medieval philosophy.

This book offers a new and externalist perspective in ignorance studies. Agnotology, the epistemology of ignorance, and, more generally, ignorance studies have grown to cover and explore different phenomena and subjects of research, from known events in history and sociology of science to the investigation of ordinary reasoning and cognitive processing. Nonetheless, although interested scholars have discussed ignorance phenomena and their impact on cognition, most of them have only adopted an internalist perspective to approach this theme. Meanwhile, even though externalist perspectives on cognition flourished in recent literature, authors have paid little attention to the emerging field of ignorance studies. Ignorance has been generally left out from the inquiries on the extension of cognitive states, cognitive processes, and predictive reasoning. Thus, in this volume, we seek to merge the two growing areas of research and to fill this research gap fruitfully. By addressing the uncomfortable themes that pertain to ignorance and related phenomena through an externalist perspective, this book aims to provide much food for thoughts to cognitive scientists and philosophers alike, enriching the current range and reach of both ignorance studies and externalist approaches to cognition.

¿En este libro, Dorota Leszczyna llena un hueco profundo en nuestros conocimientos de la evolución de la historia de la filosofía de Ortega y Gasset. Existe en el orteguismo la tendencia a saltar a la absorción por Ortega de la fenomenología de Husserl, cuando este salto está mediatizado por la intervención de los neokantianos de Marburgo y sus discípulos. Sostiene la Prof. Leszczyna que el condiscípulo de Ortega Nicolai Hartmann aclara la recepción orteguiana del neokantismo marburgués y de la femomenología. Para probarlo, cita de lo que permanece intacto de la correspondencia epistolar Hartmann-Ortega. Al trazar la compleja historia del neokantismo alemán de los fines del siglo XIX y proncipios del XX, Leszczyna nos introduce a la bibliografía de los neokantianos polacos y de sus compatriotas que historian la época. He aquí un libro de lectura imprescindible para conocer a fondo los primero pasos de Ortega en la filosofía alemanä. De la reseña de Nelson R. Orringer Catedrático Emérito de Letras Hispánicas y Comparadas, University of Connecticut (Storrs, EE.UU)

Nietzsche gilt als faszinierender Philosoph, der das Denken zu einer gefährlichen Sache, zu einem Abenteuer erklärt und der den/die Leser*in verlockt, sich auf das Wagnis seines Denkens einzulassen. Philosophie erscheint nicht als abstrakte Angelegenheit, sondern als eine zutiefst persönliche Auseinandersetzung, die das Leben des/der Einzelnen verwandeln soll, selbst um den Preis seiner möglichen Zerstörung. Welche Bedeutung aber hat das gefährliche Moment innerhalb von Nietzsches Philosophie für den/die Einzelne*n ¿ und welche für die Gesellschaft? Und wie weit darf man in Selbst- und Fremdgefährdung gehen? Diesen Fragen geht die vorliegende Arbeit nach, wobei die Interpretation von Nietzsches Denken eingerahmt wird von zwei rezeptionsgeschichtlichen Untersuchungen: Von Beginn seiner Wirkung bis heute wurde Nietzsche als der gefährliche Philosoph par excellence verstanden. Inwieweit er glorifiziert, vereinnahmt oder verurteilt wird, sagt aber nicht zuletzt einiges über die Rezipierenden selbst aus und gibt Antwort auf die Frage, wieviel gefährliches Denken wir in einer Gesellschaft für zumutbar halten. Ein Einblick in die frühe und späte Nietzscherezeption zeigt dem/der Leser*in die Bandbreite an Reaktionen von Verherrlichung bis Verdammung, die Nietzsches Philosophie bis heute provoziert.

How does consciousness emerge from a brain that consists only of physical matter and electrical / chemical reactions? The deep mysteries of consciousness have plagued philosophers and scientists for thousands of years. This book approaches the problem through scientific studies that shed light on the neural mechanism of consciousness, and furthermore, delves into the possibility of artificial consciousness, a phenomenon that may ultimately solve the mystery. Finally, two key suggestions made in the book, namely, a method to test machine consciousness and a theory hypothesizing that consciousness emerges from a neural algorithm, reveal a novel and credible pathway to mind-uploading.The original Japanese version of this book has become a best-seller in popular neuroscience and has even led to a neurotech startup for mind-uploading.

This volume showcases contemporary, ground-up ethical essays in the tradition of Wittgenstein's broader philosophy and Wittgenstein-inspired ethical reflection. It takes the ethical relevance of Wittgenstein as a substantial and solid starting point for a broad range of ongoing thinking about contemporary ethical issues.The texts are organised in two sections. The first consists of chapters exploring questions around what could be called the "e;grammar"e; of our moral forms of life, and thus represents a more traditional approach in ethics after Wittgenstein. The second part represents a recent turn in the tradition towards investigating moral conceptions, perspectives and concepts that are undergoing change, either because the world itself is changing (for instance with new technologies) or because human agency, such as social movements, has brought us to reconsider previously unquestioned ideas and structures.Within the book, the authors' contributions are inspired, in their ways of working with ethical questions, by Wittgenstein's conceptions of language, understanding and the nature of philosophical inquiry. This book is of interest to philosophers influenced by Wittgenstein, as well as to all ethicists seeking ideas for how to do philosophy in a manner close to lived experience and practice.

Re-thinking the Angelic Doctor is a major new reassessment of the reception of Thomas Aquinas in the work of the twentieth-century American philosopher W. Norris Clarke. Author Aloysius N. Ezeoba explores the question of whether Clarke was engaged in a "creative retrieval" of Aquinas¿ system of thought ¿ with a focus on the human person ¿ or whether Clarke was forging his own path in attemptting to provide a "creative completion". Shedding new light on the workings of two great minds separated by eight centuries, Re-thinking the Angelic Doctor will be of interest to readers who are looking for a timely re-examination of the Aristotelian arguments, especially as they are appropriated by template religious thinkers such as Aquinas. It will also be a valuable resource in graduate courses in medieval and modern philosophy and theology. Readers concerned with understanding how to appropriate St. Thomas Aquinas¿s thinking for the twenty-first century will be greatly assisted in this task by reflecting upon this volume. They will learn much about the last century¿s attempts to rethink St. Thomas from the varied positions of neo-Thomists in movements such as Transcendental and Existential Thomism. They will understand the ways in which thinkers such as Marechal and Phelan, were recrafting or, perhaps, abandoning classical Thomism, and how contemporary thinkers, such as Rev. Christopher Cullen, S.J. were countering with arguments defending traditional Thomism. And, importantly, they will confront the thought of one important figure connected with this appropriation: Rev. Norris W. Clarke, S.J., with whom I had contact in many ways as a fellow faculty member and as a popular lecturer. This book is an analytically precise, thoughtful, fruitful exercise in philosophy. It renders appropriate homage to that important twentieth-century Jesuit philosopher and teacher, and prepares the ground for critical appraisal of other various creative appropriations of St. Thomas Aquinas in the past century.¿William P. Baumgarth, Sr., PhD, Associate Professor of Political Philosophy, Fordham University.

This book provides a detailed reassessment of the role and impact of analytic philosophy in the overall philosophical debate. It does so by focusing on several important turning points that have been particularly significant for analytic philosophy¿s overall history, such as Bertrand Russell's critique of Meinong, and the vindication of Heidegger's famous 'Nothing'- sentence. In particular, the book scrutinizes whether the theses written about such points have been convincingly argued for, or whether they have gained attraction as a type of rhetorical device. Due to its broad nature, this book is of interest to scholars interested in all aspects of philosophy, at both graduate level and above.

We read of the poets, who seek naught but greater truth of the beauty of Love. We listen to the philosophers discuss their own dark, beastly pursuit of the greater truths of Consciousness. We, Lovers and Conscious creatures, are each invited to realize for ourselves that, it is indeed a lifetime spent seeking, together, which reveals the cosmic truth that these concepts are in actuality one and the same. That true love of another, necessarily demands, truly ultimate awareness. Does a lifetime lived fully in Love, lead to a legendary beyond only spoke of in esoteric circles? Can two modern people of today, truly united in Love, find their souls together by fearlessly freeing their minds? Is a humble, sincere, and bold conversation between friends and lovers, the simple and necessary remedy for our collective struggle with this, psychoses of culture? A remedy, allowing each to eventually see his and her true, new potential? Could the answer to all of our supposed woes, individually and collectively, really lie within the eyes of each other? Do any of us dare look? How deeply? What insanity must be embraced, by each of us hopeless romantics, before finally finding salvation in the most unexpected of places? Can a mirror be used to reflect more than just our own beauty and beastliness? Can beauty be found in the beast? Can a beast live within the beauty? Does Sun chase Moon, or, does Moon chase Sun? Is there any hope that they might live one day united, as a mighty tower of one? Sol-Luna-Rukh.

This book explains how recent deep learning breakthroughs realized some of the most ambitious ideas of empiricist philosophers such as Aristotle, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), John Locke, David Hume, William James, and Sophie de Grouchy. It illustrates the utility of this interdisciplinary connection by showing how it can provide benefits to both philosophy and computer science.

1,591 personal growth gems painstakingly created by Richard Mc Sweeney from September 2021 through to October 2022.A positivity-themed collection of Pro-verbs: Original Imperatives for any Day of any Year.Appeal they will as much to young adults as to nonagenarians.A consistent focus is on being of an all-round awareness; on being self-disciplined and of a moral integrity.An invitation there is to think beyond any and all self-constraining hand-me-down ways of looking at life be they religious, philosophical, scientific or otherwise.Nuanced metaphors abound.The work's aesthetic significance may be said to dwell in its exhilarating sense of freedom from implied previous ways of looking at everything and the potential to look at self and everything in a whole new light.Richard who is a native of the island of Ireland modestly puts himself out there as a self-designated Planet Earth philosopher of the natural kind; a self-originator who enjoys expressing his ideas and insights in a charmingly personal prose-poetic style. [Almanac of Promptings] is his eighteenth book to date.

Ever wondered why our happiness is limited and short-lived? Are you looking for higher happiness that is unlimited and eternal?If so, this book is for you!The desire for happiness and fulfilling life is innate to all of us, however, we are misdirected in the absence of correct knowledge and resources. You can not get butter by churning lime water no matter how hard you try. Similarly, you can not attain higher or true happiness if you keep looking in the wrong direction. The first step in any endeavor is to be informed. This book exactly serves that purpose and more.What's included in this book?¿ Clarification of the differences between worldly pleasures and higher happiness with examples¿ Five different ways to empower you to lead a fulfilling life and higher happiness¿ Science of meditation and the different meditation techniques to suit your needs¿ Subtle science clarifying the effects of thoughts, diet, and exercise on your body, mind, and consciousnessAnd much more...

Diese Arbeit bespricht die Bedingungen von Selbstbewusstsein. Nach eingehender Kritik an bestehenden philosophischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Theorien wird ein eigenständiger Ansatz zur Akquise von Selbstbewusstsein entwickelt, der die besondere Bedeutung der Zweite-Person-Perspektive hervorhebt, ausführlich analysiert und in den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Diskurs einbettet: Die hier entwickelte Theorie der umfassenden Perspektivität untersucht das Phänomen des Selbstbewusstseins sowohl philosophisch als auch in Bezug auf die mit der Erste-, Zweite-, und Dritte-Person-Perspektive verknüpften entwicklungspsychologischen Fähigkeiten. Von zentraler Bedeutung dafür sind die an aktuelle philosophische Debatten anschließenden Analysen der im deutschen und teils englischen Sprachraum bisher uneindeutig definierten Begriffe der Zweite-Person-Perspektive, Perspektive und joint attention. Die theoretischen Betrachtungen werden zum Schluss mit einem Blick auf Beispiele aus der angewandten Ethik überprüft und ergänzt.

Menschen schreiben sich ein Selbst zu. Die Wissenschaften haben Mühe zu sagen, was das ist und wie es zustande kommt. Sie sind sich aber sicher, dass wir es haben und brauchen. Für Forscher ist es jedoch kaum greifbar und deshalb ein verflixtes Problem. Daran wird die Entwicklung einer starken KI scheitern, Menschen bleiben etwas anderes.

This book outlines how the protagonists in The Nibelung's Ring, The Lord of the Rings, and Game of Thrones attempt to construct identities and expand their consciousness manifestations. As the characters in the three works face the ends of their respective worlds, they must find answers to their mortality, and to the threat it implies: the loss of identity and consciousness. Moreover, it details how this process is depicted performatively. In a hands-on and interdisciplinary approach, this book seeks to unveil the underlying philosophical concepts of identity and consciousness in the three works as they are represented audio-visually on stage and screen. Through the use of many practical examples, this book offers both academic scholars and any interested readers a completely new perspective on three enduringly popular and interrelated works.