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This book will take you on a journey that will actually make you think in a way that you never thought you could. It will be a ride through different lenses and will ignite just what is needed.This book isn't your same next door book with the same old cliches about success and inspiration. It is a reality check/slap on the face on where you are and why you are there and what you should do.

Bewusstsein, Außenwelt und Sprache bilden eine untrennbare Einheit in der Frage nach dem Sinn und der Bedeutung sprachlicher Ausdrücke. Zeichen und ihre Verwendung lassen sich daher weder durch rein internalistische Bewusstseinsanalysen noch durch rein externalistische Gegenstandsbezüge angemessen rekonstruieren. Daher befinden sich Bedeutungen weder "innerhalb" noch "außerhalb" des Kopfes. Unterschiedliche Gebrauchsweisen und somit Bedeutungen spiegeln sich vielmehr in der Fähigkeit wieder, sprachliche Zeichen zu verstehen und auf unsere subjektiven Erlebnisse sowie die uns umgebende Welt anzuwenden. Volker Munz zeigt, inwieweit sowohl rein phänomenale als auch rein physikalistische Interpretationsansätze zu kurz greifen, die Bedeutung sprachlicher Ausdrücke zu bestimmen. Beide Positionen stehen nicht in Widerstreit zueinander, sondern ergänzen einander vielmehr in der Bestimmung des Sinnes und der Bedeutung sprachlicher Zeichen. Sowohl externalistische Semantiken (Putnams Zwillingserde, Kripkes Marsianer, Davidsons Sumpfmann etc.) als auch internalistische Positionen (Locke, Thomas Nagel, Jackson etc.) werden anhand spezifischer Gedankenexperiment kritisch auf ihre Rolle und Schlüssigkeit hin überprüft und mit alternativen Gedankenszenarios konfrontiert. Neben den genannten Autoren werden auch Russell, Frege und insbesondere Wittgenstein ausführlich diskutiert.

Embodied, Embedded, and Enactive Psychopathology presents a new way of thinking about mental disorder that is holistic yet critically minded, biologically plausible yet value-inclusive, and scientific yet deeply compassionate. Grounded in an embodied, embedded, and enactive (3e) view of human functioning, this book presents a novel conceptual framework for the study and treatment of mental disorders and explores implications for the tasks of classification, explanation, and treatment. Chapters one to three argue for the central role of conceptualization in the study and treatment of mental disorders. Popular conceptual models are critiqued, including other recent enactive frameworks. Chapters four to seven then present 3e Psychopathology and explore its implications. This includes analysis of both research-based efforts to explain mental disorders, and methods for formulating individual-level explanations in clinical practice. New answers are presented for important questionssuch as: are mental disorders things we do or get? Are mental disorders defined in nature or are they socially constructed? Are mental disorders the same things across different cultures? And, are mental disorders located in our brains, bodies, or environments? This engaging work offers fresh insights that will appeal to clinicians, researchers, and those with an interest in the philosophy of psychiatry.

Nietzsche¿s ¿drive theory¿, as it is referred to in the secondary literature, is a rich, unique and fascinating articulation of the human condition. In broad brushstrokes, Nietzsche appears to contend that all human psychology is either directly reducible to animal drives (e.g. sex, aggression) or indirectly explicable to the historical transformations thereof (e.g. ressentiment). Moreover, Nietzsche¿s initial elucidation of drive theory in On the Genealogy of Morals (and elsewhere) is well-complemented with a fecund, profound, and clear elucidation of the concept in the secondary literature.Yet, there remains a glaring lacuna for all the discussion of drive theory in the scholarship. The secondary literature is delinquent in explaining how animal drives became incorporated to form the human psyche. Nietzsche¿s account to elucidate how drives became ¿digested¿ or in his words ¿inpsychated¿ is called the Internalization Hypothesis. However, as it appears in GM:II, 16, the hypothesis is grossly inchoate. The result of this undertheorization is manifold; its deleterious effects resonate along many axes of Nietzsche¿s philosophy. The present book, Internalized Valuation: A Genealogical Analysis of Nietzschean Drive Theory, offers an original and fruitful interpretation of Nietzsche¿s philosophical psychology. First, it clarifies what drives are. Second, it provides a new way of thinking about Nietzsche¿s genealogical methods and then applies these insights to The Genealogy itself. What follows is a work that not only sheds much-needed light on Nietzsche¿s philosophy of mind in general and his theory of emotions in particular, but also informs and illuminates problematic passages of Nietzsche¿s Genealogy.

Vor dem Hintergrund der Tatsache, dass innovatives Handeln in der Gegenwart eine große Wertschätzung erfährt, unternimmt das Buch eine Untersuchung des Begriffs, des Ursprungs, des Werts und der Spielarten der Kreativität. Kreativität ist immer ein bewusstes Menschenwerk, das überraschende Neuigkeiten hervorbringt; dabei können solche Neuigkeiten durchaus unterschiedlich bewertet werden und auch ihre Schattenseiten haben. Zur Anwendung kommt die Lust auf Neues in allen Bereichen des Lebens ¿ in den Künsten und in den Wissenschaften, im Privatleben und in der Politik, bei Beziehungen zu anderen Personen und bei der Beziehung zu uns selbst. Das Buch geht detailliert auf die multiplen Facetten des Phänomens ein. Ob auch künstliche Intelligenzen zu kreativen Leistungen in der Lage sind, ist heute eine wichtige und stark umstrittene Frage, deren Antwort nicht zuletzt vom Begriff der Kreativität abhängen wird. Als besonders förderlich für die Ausbildung und Ausübung einer Lust auf Neues haben sich das Nichtstun, die Langeweile und Tagträumereien erwiesen.

Combines phenomenology with the "enactivist" approach to consciousness theory and recent emotion research to explore the way self-motivated action plans shape selective attention, exploration, and ultimately the mind's interpretation of reality - in philosophy, psychology, cultural awareness, and our personal lives.

The Breath of the Whales series is a collection of inspirational messages influenced by and imbued with the beauty, grace, intelligence and energy of Cetaceans. Through exploration of the broader concepts of consciousness, we gain a deeper understanding of the world in which we all live. Through these messages you can access the wisdom of the collective consciousness of Cetaceans as a resource for our spiritual growth and for the evolution of Humanity. This third volume of inspirational messages from the collective consciousness of the Whales takes you even deeper into understanding humanity's evolutionary journey of awakening to expanded awareness. Dive in and feel the loving frequencies that surround us all!

Most people think bad feelings--feelings like anger, envy, spite, and contempt--are obstacles to a good life. You're supposed to do your best not to feel them or to get over them as quickly as you can, otherwise they'll take over and turn you into a monster. But this is a big mistake. We don't have to battle our negative emotions or "channel" them into something productive. We feel negative emotions because our lives matter to us. They are part of what makes life meaningful. This book shows how philosophy can help us learn to live life well with bad feelings.

This book is about all things consciousness, great and small. It starts by pointing to the key characteristic of consciousness, without realizing which it cannot be understood: like everything else about the mind, it is fundamentally a kind of computation. Among many other matters, this explains: how it is that we share some aspects of consciousness with bacteria; how it can arise in artificial machines and not just living ones; how the empty cocoon of the self that it spins ends up pretending to be the butterfly; and how consciousness dooms this virtual butterfly to the splendor and the suffering of being awake and aware. Unlike most other books on consciousness, this one includes a discussion of some possible ways whereby we, pinned like butterflies by our species¿ history and socioeconomic circumstances, can awake to our collective predicament and join forces to do something about it. It should be of interest to all readers who care about the nature of our lived experience ¿ andabout our survival, which depends on developing critical consciousness of our dire situation and the social dynamics that shape it.

This book provides an original perspective on the debate about anti-representationalism and the nature of philosophy. This debate has come to prominence in recent years through the work of people like Richard Rorty, Paul Horwich, Huw Price and Amie Thomasson. It is the first book to explicitly consider this well-known pragmatist kind of anti-representationalism in relation to anti-representationalist views in other areas of philosophy, in particular the philosophy of perception and cognitive science. Taking as its point of departure the neo-pragmatism of Rorty and Price, it critiques the way these (and other) thinkers develop, on this basis, a positive view of philosophy and its remit. By examining the debate about representationalism versus anti-representationalism in perception and cognitive science it provides a different way of understanding the significance of neo-pragmatism, as well as providing an independently interesting perspective on these other debates. A central idea in this perspective involves distinguishing between a world-for-us and a world-in-itself, though in a different way from Kant and many other philosophers. The book extends these reflections to examine questions about realism and the limits of metaphysics for anti-representationalist pragmatism, arguing the view can uphold a common sense kind of realism, as well as the value of distinctively philosophical enquiry in metaphysics.

The study of the brain-mind complex has been hampered by the dichotomy between objective biological neuroscience and subjective psychological science. The two antithetical avenues of research are partly responsible for the failure to unravel the transformation of neural events into mental images: how matter becomes imagination, and vice versa; is the brain¿s consciousness equivalent to Ego consciousness? Is the ego the self? In its new and updated edition, ¿The Rosetta Stone of the Human Mind: Three Languages to Integrate Neurobiology and Psychology¿ illustrates how the simultaneous use of the languages of neurobiology, of mathematics, and of the humanities, enriches the understanding of the neural and mental realms and adds new dimensions to our perception of neuropsychological events. Dr. Sanguineti shows how the two seemingly dichotomous approaches are similar in what they describe, and he explores how the awareness and application of these perspectivesare helpful in getting a deeper theoretical grasp on major mental events, giving us a better understanding of individual minds, and fostering a more integrated therapeutic intervention. The intended readers include neuroscientists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and anyone interested in the human mind.

This Handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of abductive cognition, providing readers with extensive information on the process of reasoning to hypotheses in humans, animals, and in computational machines. It highlights the role of abduction in both theory practice: in generating and testing hypotheses and explanatory functions for various purposes and as an educational device. It merges logical, cognitive, epistemological and philosophical perspectives with more practical needs relating to the application of abduction across various disciplines and practices, such as in diagnosis, creative reasoning, scientific discovery, diagrammatic and ignorance-based cognition, and adversarial strategies. It also discusses the inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity, including the process of development, implementation and manipulation for different scientific and technological purposes. Written by a group ofinternationally renowned experts in philosophy, logic, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive, and computer science, as well as life sciences, engineering, architecture, and economics, the Handbook of Abductive Cognition offers a unique reference guide for readers approaching the process of reasoning to hypotheses from different perspectives and for various theoretical and practical purposes. Numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations are included to promote a better understanding of the relevant concepts and to make concepts highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds.

This book, Thales and the Beginnings of European Reflection, is more than a field guide to all major testimonies about Thales. It does not merely contain a summary and critique of the available literature on the subject, but also lays down a new, holistic interpretation of Thales from a perspective that brings to light several important, but previously overlooked issues. An emphasis on mythology in Thales¿ thought combined with discourse analysis and a comprehensive treatment of his thinking in its pre-philosophical and pre-scientific unity is hoped to offer a unique and deeper insight into Thales¿ genius and the beginnings of European reflection.

This book is the first volume featuring the work of American women philosophers in the first half of the twentieth century. It provides selected papers authored by Mary Whiton Calkins, Grace Andrus de Laguna, Grace Neal Dolson, Marjorie Glicksman Grene, Marjorie Silliman Harris, Thelma Zemo Lavine, Marie Collins Swabey, Ellen Bliss Talbot, Dorothy Walsh and Margaret Floy Washburn. The book also provides the historical and philosophical background to their work. The papers focus on the nature of philosophy, knowledge, the philosophy of science, the mind-matter nexus, the nature of time, and the question of freedom and the individual. The material is suitable for scholars, researchers and advanced philosophy students interested in (history of) philosophy; theories of knowledge; philosophy of science; mind, and reality.

The book is a true knowledge-enhancing project, dealing with the forms of rationality at work in social life, which are so many, varied and complex. Published already in Spanish and Italian, it analyses the role played by rationality through the lens of social theories in order to propose a problematic interpretation of human action. Since there is nothing more practical than a good theory when seeking to understand our society, the book reflects on the theoretical approaches that provide useful categories by means of which to understand and interpret individual, organizational, and institutional action. It proposes an analysis of a wide variety of classics by eminent European and Anglo-American thinkers, such as Dahrendorf, Mannheim, Marx, Popper, Weber, Habermas, Luhmann, Machiavelli, Pareto, Ardigò, Cesareo, Parsons, Schütz, Alexander, Bauman, Beck, Sennett, Antiseri, Boudon, Sen, Simon, to shed light on the relationship between rationality, difficulties in thinking and extra-rationality. Finally, the reasons for unexpected action are investigated as well as the strategic role played by ethics, rationality and skills in postmodern societies on the basis of the contributions of Nussbaum and Piketty.

Hinweis: dieses Buch enthält stellenweise viele theoretisch-abstrakte Überlegungen. Diese wurden notwendig, um Rechenoperationen und KI vom lebendigen Geist abzugrenzen. Doch sind die einzelnen Kapitel auch isoliert für sich verständlich, so dass nicht alles gelesen zu werden braucht.Unser menschlicher Geist ist erstaunlich. Selten betrachten wir ihn jedoch von "außen". Er ist ein Wunderwerk.Aber mit seinem Geist verfügt der Mensch inzwischen auch über gefährliche Macht. Entfremdet er sich damit selbst seiner Welt?Der Mensch beherrscht mit seinem Geist die Herstellung vieler Dinge und kann immer komplexere Prozesse voraus planen. Doch ist unser Geist dem "Intellekt" einer Rechenmaschine ähnlich? Die Autorin glaubt dies nicht.Geistige Tätigkeiten sind mit Gefühlen und Sinn-Empfinden verknüpft. Dies kann ein Computer nicht leisten. Gefühle und Sinn-Empfinden reichen in Zeit-Räume hinein und sind nicht genauso an den "Jetzt-Zeitpunkt" gefesselt, wie es unser Körper und die körperliche Welt um uns herum sind.Unser Geist kann so vieles leisten, weil er einen Überblick kennt: er kann sich über den "Jetzt-Zeitpunkt" hinaus erinnern, oder sich die Zukunft vorstellen. Die Autorin ist der Ansicht, dass dies nicht zu vergleichen ist mit errechneten Daten aus Computer-Modellen zu Vergangenheit oder Zukunft.Errechnete Computer-Ergebnisse werden von unten nach oben zu komplexeren Ebenen aufgebaut.Das menschliche Sinn-Empfinden fließt vom großen Überblick, ja vom Göttlich-Spirituellen, zu den niedrigeren Ebenen. Daher ist diese geistige Bewegung umgekehrt zur Rechner-Berechnung.Die Überlegungen in diesem Buch trägt die Autorin als Gebet vor.

This book presents new philosophical work on delusions and their impact on everyday human behavior. It explores a cluster of related topics at the intersection of philosophy of mind and psychiatry, while also charting the historical development of work on delusions.Within psychiatry, there are several disputes about the nature and origin of delusions. Whereas some authors see only an abnormal phenomenon that needs to be treated by psychological or pharmacological means, others hold that delusions can be psychologically adaptive and even have epistemic benefits. This book brings together an interdisciplinary group of contributors to build consensus around what delusions are and how they impact the human mind. Part 1 provides readers with an informed historical discussion of delusions and carefully examines the contemporary impact of these historical perspectives. Part 2 analyzes the impact of contemporary views of delusions on the mental and emotional life of human agents. Finally, Part 3 explores the normative frameworks of delusions and analyzes the impact of some of their behavioral consequences on the daily life of subjects and their caregivers.The Philosophy and Psychology of Delusions is essential reading for researchers and graduate students working at the intersection of philosophy, psychiatry, and psychology.

This book evaluates the widespread preference in philosophy of mind for varieties of property dualism over other alternatives to physicalism. It takes the standard motivations for property dualism as a starting point and argues that these lead directly to nonphysical substances resembling the soul of traditional metaphysics.In the first half of the book, the author clarifies what is at issue in the choice between theories that posit nonphysical properties only and those that posit nonphysical substances. The crucial question, he argues, is whether one posits nonphysical things that satisfy an Aristotelian-Cartesian independence definition of substance: nonphysical things that could exist in the absence of anything else. In the second half, the author argues that standard and Russellian monist forms of property dualism are far less plausible than we usually suppose. Most significantly, the presuppositions of one of the leading arguments for property dualism, the conceivability argument, lead by parity of reasoning to the view that conscious subjects are nonphysical substances. He concludes that if you posit nonphysical properties in response to the mind-body problem, then you should be prepared to posit nonphysical substances as well. Mainstream philosophy of mind must take nonphysical substances far more seriously than it has done for the best part of a century.The Mind-Body Problem and Metaphysics will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and the history of philosophy.

This book explores the mysteries of the human brain and the potential of the mind. It presents the unanswered and highly convoluted questions and hypotheses surrounding the human mind in a simplified way.

This book explores the imaginative processes at work in the artefacts of Classical Athens. When ancient Athenians strove to grasp 'justice' or 'war' or 'death', when they dreamt or deliberated, how did they do it? Did they think about what they were doing? Did they imagine an imagining mind?European histories of the imagination have often begun with thinkers like Plato and Aristotle. By contrast, this volume is premised upon the idea that imaginative activity, and especially efforts to articulate it, can take place in the absence of technical terminology. In exploring an ancient culture of imagination mediated by art and literature, the book scopes out the roots of later, more explicit, theoretical enquiry. Chapters hone in on a range of visual and verbal artefacts from the Classical period. Approaching the topic from different angles - philosophical, historical, philological, literary, and art historical - they also investigate how these artefacts stimulate affective, sensory, meditative - in short, 'imaginative' - encounters between imagining bodies and their world.The Imagination of the Mind in Classical Athens offers a ground-breaking reassessment of 'imagination' in ancient Greek culture and thought: it will be essential reading for those interested in not only philosophies of mind, but also ancient Greek image, text, and culture more broadly.