Geokemi

Machine Learning Applications in Subsurface Energy Resource Management presents a current snapshot of the state of the art and future outlook for machine learning applications in subsurface energy resource management (e.g., oil and gas, geologic carbon sequestration, geothermal energy).

This book starts with a theoretical introduction of the rare earth materials, and it subsequently analyzes the essential characteristics of these materials from elements, compounds to physical chemistry and metal materials, etc. Under the supplementary explanation of experimental data and results, the research is gradually guided into the multi-domain application scene. Through extensive analyses, this book displays comprehensively the distinguished values of the rare earth materials and the theoretical, empirical, and practical significance of rare earth materials is unraveled. It also covers an exhaustive review of 17 rare earth elements, their characteristics, and more possibilities in physical chemistry, functional materials, metallurgy, composites and engineering, and their prospects in production and technical applications. In-depth account of the whole spectrum of rare earth material research makes this book a unique reference to academic researchers, students, and engineers.

This book offers case study of the tridimensional exploration in whole exploration cycle with comprehensive and systematic geological and geophysical studies in the Bongor Basin. Focused on the typical intensively inversed rift basin¿the Bongor Basin in Chad, this book establishes petroleum geology model, accumulation model of the typical intensively inversed rift basin and ensemble exploration techniques by studying comprehensively through the lens of structural geology, petrology, geochronology, sedimentology, paleontology, petroleum geochemistry, petroleum geology, and hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics studies on both granite buried hill and sandstone reservoir. Based on the cases in whole exploration cycle and abundant primary research resource (some are first published in public) in the Bongor Basin, this book is a valuable reference for researchers, managers, instructors, and students who engaged in petroleum exploration.

Clay Minerals and Synthetic Analogous as Emulsifiers of Pickering Emulsions begins with basic concepts of Pickering emulsions, describes the thermodynamic, kinetic and gravitational stability, the methods of preparation, and the most common characterization techniques. Next, the book presents detailed structure, properties, and physical-chemical modifications of natural and synthetic layered minerals to optimize its properties. Figures and schemes are prepared for experts in the area as well as the undergraduate and graduate students from many different research areas where clay minerals, synthetic layered materials and Pickering emulsion have potential applications. Clay Minerals and Synthetic Analogous as Emulsifiers of Pickering Emulsions fills a gap in the literature, stimulates the aggregation of value of clay minerals, and shows the readers the methods of preparation, characterization, and applications of Pickering emulsions stabilized with layered materials, giving special attention to clay minerals.

This book presents selected papers from the 7th International Field Exploration and Development Conference (IFEDC 2017), which focus on upstream technologies used in oil & gas development, the principles of the process, and various design technologies. The conference not only provides a platform for exchanging lessons learned, but also promotes the development of scientific research in oil & gas exploration and production. The book will benefit a broad readership, including industry experts, researchers, educators, senior engineers and managers.

The first edition of this book was published in 1973, the second, totally rewritten, followed 7 years later in 1980. Because the field of stable isotopes is still grow- ing and exerting an increasing influence on geosciences in general, it seems to be necessary, after a further 7 years, to revise the edition again accordingly. Not only has the previous edition been updated, but two completely new chapters on the isotopic composi- tion of mantle-derived material and on the isotopic composition of the ocean during the geologie past, have been added. The references concentrate on re cent literature. In some cases, older references have been omitted to save space. I do not intend to underrate the value of older publications, but only to keep the reference list - al- ready very voluminous in relation to the totallengt- from becoming even larger. An early draft has been reviewed by Russell Harmon and Alan Matthews. John Valley has se nt me a preprint of an artic1e on metamorphie rocks. To all three of them I owe my deepest thanks.

To solve a crystal structure means to determine the precise spatial arrangements of all of the atoms in a chemical compound in the crystalline state. This knowledge gives a chemist access to a large range of information, including connectivity, conformation, and accurate bond lengths and angles. In addition, it implies the stoichiometry, the density, the symmetry and the three dimensional packing of the atoms in the solid. Since interatomic distances are in the region of100-300 pm or 1-3 A, 1 microscopy using visible light (wavelength A ca. 300-700 nm) is not applicable (Fig. l. l). In 1912, Max von Laue showed that crystals are based on a three dimensionallattice which scatters radiation with a wavelength in the vicinity of interatomic distances, i. e. X -rays with A = 50-300 pm. The process bywhich this radiation, without changing its wave- length, is converted through interference by the lattice to a vast number of observable "e;reflections"e; with characteristic directions in space is called X-ray diffraction. The method by which the directions and the intensities of these reflections are measured, and the ordering of the atoms in the crystal deduced from them, is called X-ray struc- ture analysis. The following chapter deals with the lattice properties of crystals, the starting point for the explanation of these interference phenomena. Interatomic distances Crystals . . . . . . . . . .

"e;Polymineral-Metasomatic Crystallogenesis"e; is dedicated to the foundations of polymineral crystallogenesis in solutions typically occurring in nature. Effects, laws, and mechanisms of a metasomatic crystal replacement, joint crystal growth of different phases, mixed crystal formation, and aggregate re-crystallization as well as oriented overgrowth (epitaxy and quasi-epitaxy) and crystal habit origin are considered experimentally. The behaviour of these processes in nature are discussed in addition to pseudomorphs, poikilitic crystals (and other replacement forms), features of rapakivi structure, fluorite morphology, and many more. The concept is a generalization of the classic theory on crystallogenesis which is complicated by phase interaction in polymineral systems."e;Polymineral-Metasomatic Crystallogenesis"e; is designed for chemists, geologists, physicists, and postgraduates and advanced undergraduate students of these fields.

Colloids are known to be the often neglected phase for the transport of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. The book covers the basics of abiotic colloid characterization, of biocolloids and biofilms, the resulting transport phenomena and their engineering aspects. The subject is presented from an international group of leading specialists devoted to colloidal sciences. The contributions include theoretical considerations, results from model experiments as well as field studies. The information given will serve students and scientists interested in the analytical, chemical, microbiological, geological and hydrological aspects of material transport in aquatic systems and soils.

Since 1980 a considerable amount of scientific research dealing with geochemical processes in marine sediments has been carried out. This textbook summarizes the state of the art in this field of research. The topics comprise the examination of sedimentological and physical properties of the sedimentary solid phase, of pore water and pore water constituents, organic matter as the driving force of most microbiological processes, biotic and abiotic redox reactions, carbonates and stable isotopes as proxies for paleoclimate reconstruction, metal enrichments in ferromanganese nodules and crusts as well as in hot vents and cold seeps on the seafloor. A new chapter describes properties, occurrence and formation of gas hydrates in marine sediments. The textbook ends with a chapter on model conceptions and computer models to quantify processes of early diagenesis.

Als Springer Reference bietet die nunmehr 3. Auflage des Fachbuchs Rohrleitungen 1 und 2 eine anspruchsvolle, wissenschaftlich fundierte Fakten- und Wissenssammlung, die sich auf den kompletten Bereich der Rohrleitungstechnologie erstreckt. Das Buch stellt eine unentbehrliche Hilfe zum konstruktiven Verständnis, zur Funktionsweise und zum Betrieb von Rohrleitungen aller Art dar. Band 2 versteht sich als Erweiterung zum Band Rohrleitung 1 und dessen Schwerpunkten zu den unterschiedlichen Rohrwerkstoffen, der Rohrherstellung oder den betriebswichtigen Rohrleitungskomponenten. Der Teil Rohrleitung 2 richtet den Fokus auf die verschiedenen praktischen Einsatzfelder von Rohrleitungen, deren Bemessung und Berechnung, die Verlegung und den Einbau sowie die Rehabilitation bzw. Sanierung von Altleitungen. Zahlreiche Abbildungen und Diagramme, Tabellen sowie Beispiele runden die Ausführungen ab. Der InhaltEinsatz von Rohrleitungen im Wasser-/Abwasser-, Gas-/Öl-, Pipeline- und KraftwerksbereichVerlegung und Einbau im Erdreich, im Wasser oder als Sonderkonstruktionen einschließlich Dokumentation und Prüfung gas-/hydrodynamische, rohrstatische/festigkeitstechnische sowie thermodynamische Berechnung und Bemessung Rehabilitation und Sanierung von Wasser-/Abwasser-, Gas- und FernwärmeleitungenDie ZielgruppenPlanungs- und Consultingingenieure des Wasser-, Abwasser- und PipelinefachsStudierende und Lehrende des Bauingenieurwesens, der Wasserwirtschaft, der Apparatetechnik sowie des AnlagenbausEntscheidungsträger und Fachingenieure in der Wasserversorgung und Abwasserentsorgung, der Gas-, Öl- und Wärmeversorgung sowie der Kraftwerkstechnik Die HerausgeberProfessor em. Dr.-Ing.habil. Hans-Burkhard Horlacher ¿ war von 1993 bis zu seiner Emeritierung 2008 Direktor des Instituts für Wasserbau und Technische Hydromechanik der Technischen Universität Dresden. Dr.-Ing. Ulf Helbig ist seit 2003 als Wissenschaftler, Dozent und Laborleiter am Institut für Wasserbau und Technische Hydromechanik der Technischen Universität Dresden tätig.

Volume 87 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry covers fundamental aspects of the nature of silicate melts and the implications for the systems in which they participate, both technological and natural. The contents of this volume may perhaps best be summarized as structure ¿ properties ¿ dynamics. The volume contains syntheses of short and medium range order, structure-property relationships, and computation-based simulations of melt structure. It continues with analyses of the properties (mechanical, diffusive, thermochemical, redox, nucleation, rheological) of melts. The dynamic behavior of melts in magmatic and volcanic systems, is then treated in the context of their behavior in magma mixing, strain localization, frictional melting, magmatic fragmentation, and hot sintering. Finally, the non-magmatic, extraterrestrial and prehistoric roles of melt and glass are presented in their respective contexts.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiv PART I MERCURY AND HUMAN HEALTH B. WHEATLEY and S. PARADIS I Exposure of Canadian Aboriginal Peoples to Methylmercury 3-11 M. GIRARD and C. DUMONT I Exposure of James Bay Cree to Methylmercury during Pregnancy for the Years 1983-91 13-19 M. RICHARDSON, M. MITCHELL, S. COAD and R. RAPHAEL I Exposure to Mercury in Canada: A Multimedia Analysis 21-30 M. RICHARDSON, M. EGYED and D. J. CURRIE I Human Exposure to Mercury may Decrease as Acidic Deposition Increases 31-39 L. E. FLEMING, S. WATKINS, R. KADERMAN, B. LEVIN, D. R. AVYAR, M. BIZZIO, D. STEPHENS and J. A. BEAN I Mercury Exposure in Humans through Food Consumption from the Everglades of Florida 41-48 J. M. GEARHART, H. J. CLEWELL III, K. S. CRUMP, A. M. SHIPP and A. SILVERS I Pharmacokinetic Dose Estimates of Mercury in Children and Dose-Response Curves of Performance Tests in a Large Epidemiological Study 49-58 I. SKARE I Mass Balance and Systemic Uptake of Mercury Released from Dental Amalgam Fillings 59-67 J. DELLINGER, N. KMIECIK, S. GERSTENBERGER and H. NGU I Mercury Contamina- tion of Fish in the Ojibwa Diet: I. Walleye Fillets and Skin-On versus Skin-Off Sampling 69-76 J. DELLINGER, L. MALEK and M. BEATTIE I Mercury Contamination of Fish in the Ojibwa Diet: II. Sensory Evoked Responses in Rats Fed Walleye 77-83 H. AKAGI, O. MALM, F. J. P. BRANCHES, Y. KINJO, Y. KASHIMA, J. R. D. GUIMARAES, R. B. OLIVEIRA, K. HARAGUCHI, W. C. PFEIFFER, Y.