Meteorologi og klimatologi

Hvordan kunne vikingerne sejle helt til Amerika? Hvorfor var det lige i 1400-1500-tallet, at vi europæere for alvor opdagede resten af verden? Bogen fortæller om sejlads på verdenshavene fra vikingetiden til i dag. Og den viser, hvordan klimaet har spillet en væsentlig rolle for de store opdagelser.Kom med ind i en verden af fantastiske opdagelser og søeventyr og mød de sejlivede matroser og kaptajner, der sejlede på de syv verdenshave. I en kronologisk gennemgang fortæller forfatteren om opdagelsesrejserne, og han sammenfatter vejr, skibe og resultater over en periode på 1.000 år: fra vikingernes togter til Grønland og Vinland over de store opdagelsesrejser fra 1400-tallet og frem til 1900-tallet. Herunder beskrives trekantshandelen i 1700-tallet samt de fuldriggede klipperes kapsejlads på tværs af oceanerne i 1800-tallet.Bogens udgangspunkt er de klimamæssige udfordringer og muligheder, der gennem tiden har øget eller vanskeliggjort sejladsen. Bl.a. skyldes de store opdagelsesrejser i 14-1500-tallet, at der netop i denne periode var særligt gunstige vilkår for sejladsen – vejrforhold, som afveg ganske væsentligt fra dem, vi kender i dag.Fokus er på de sørejser og rejsende, der har skabt et gennembrud i udforskningen af havene: vikingerne, Vasco da Gama, Christoffer Columbus, Fernando de Magellan, James Cook, Vitus Bering og mange flere. Det er spændende læsning for alle historie- og sejlinteresserede – samt for alle, der interesserer sig for vejr og vind og for, hvordan klimaet påvirker vores daglige liv.Svend Albrechtsen er sejlsportsmand og pensioneret søofficer. Efter afslutningen på sin militære karriere har han brugt sin viden og erfaring – som både pilot, skibsfører og sejlsportsmand – på at udbrede kendskabet til forholdene på havet gennem sit forfatterskab og en omfattende foredragsvirksomhed

Antologien Klima og Mennesker adresserer et af de absolut mest aktuelle emner i vor tid: Klimaet, klimaforandringerne og klimadebatten. Hvor forskningen omkring klimaet som udgangspunkt har taget afsæt i naturvidenskabelige metoder og målinger, betragter denne bog emnet ud fra en humanistisk optik – fra menneskets synspunkt.Den ser bl.a. på, hvilke mytologier, forestillinger og fortællinger mennesket gør brug af, når vi skal tale om og forstå klimaforandringerne og ikke mindst de konsekvenser, de har for den menneskelige tilværelse. Hvordan er isbjørnen f.eks. kommet til at spille mytisk-ikonisk rolle i klimadebatten, hvor den af kunstnere, politikere og miljøbevægelser bringes i spil som et symbol på den arktiske naturs potentielle forsvinden i en verden med klimaforandringer?Antologien består af tre dele: Første del omhandler vores kulturelle og historiske forudsætninger for at forstå og respondere på klimaforandringer. I andel del behandles de kulturelle repræsentationer og fortolkninger af klimaet, der findes i bl.a. litteraturen, kunsten og massemedierne. Sidste del handler om klima og praksis – her undersøges det, hvordan forskellige initiativer, som har til hensigt at reducere vores CO₂-aftryk, opfattes af de mennesker, der er involverede.Antologiens ni artikler er skrevet af forskere fra et bredt spektrum af det humanistiske felt. Samlet giver artiklerne et bud på en humanistisk klimaforskning, der kan skabe nye rammer for vores måde at forstå og reflektere over de klimatiske forandringer.Mikkel Sørensen er cand. mag i arkæologi og ph.d. i arktisk arkæologi, lektor ved Saxo-instituttet på Københavns Universitet. Fra 2005-2009 ansat på Nationalmuseets center for Grønlandsforskning, hvor han har deltaget i det tværvidenskabelige GeoArk-forskningsprojekt.Mikkel Fugl Eskjær er cand.mag. og ph.d. i Film- pg medievidenskab, lektor ved Institut for Kommunikation på Aalborg Universitet. Han er bl.a. forfatter til bogen 'Film som kommunikationsmedie'.

Every night, above our heads, a drama of epic proportions is playing out. Diamond planets, zombie stars, black holes heavier than a billion Suns. The cast of characters is extraordinary, and each one has its own incredible story to tell.

Klimaforandringernes konsekvenser er i dag tydeligere end nogensinde før. Men hvordan bør vi handle i forhold til klimaforandringerne? Hvordan bør klimabyrden fordeles? Og hvem bærer ansvaret? Klima og etik belyser de etiske perspektiver af klimaforandringerne. Bogen har forord af Connie Hedegaard

Her finder du positive billeder af fremtiden. Når vi lykkes med den grønne omstilling, er naturen under genopretning, energi fremstilles fossilfrit, og menneskenes ressourcebelastning er kommet ned på et bæredygtigt niveau.Hvert fremtidsglimt er en hel historie i komprimeret form, som viser et øjeblik fra en dagligdag eller et element i hvordan samfundet fungerer. Årstallet er 2043. Fortælleren er en ung studerende med venner, studiejob og fremtidsdrømme.I Fremtidsglimt 2. samling findes fremtidsglimt i temaer som Sundhed, Den grønne omstilling og Cirkulær økonomi. Man kommer lidt tættere på den unge fortæller, end man gjorde i Fremtidsglimt 1. samling, og hører bl.a. om hendes snakke med farfar om fortiden i 2020’erne.Find fremtidsglimt om advokater for økosystemerne, naturparker på tværs af landegrænser, fossil-forbud, hack-day om insektbevarelse, hvaler der giver råd om havmiljøet, koncerter på Svanemølleværket, genskabte mammutter, lokal energiproduktion, byer hvor alt er i gå-afstand, ophugning af olieplatforme, metaludvinding med planter, og om de mange jobs som blev forvandlet i den grønne omstilling.I nutidens samfundsdebat hører man tit om, hvor dyrt eller svært det bliver at omstille til et bæredygtigt samfund. I Fremtidsglimt finder du modvægten, som fortæller, hvor spændende og frugtbart og sjovt det bliver.Fremtidsglimtene kan læses i små portioner. Tag dig tid til at filosofere over, hvordan netop dét glimt kan belyse den fremtid du ønsker. Prøv at læse nogle fremtidsglimt højt for venner og familie, og sæt gang i en spændende snak. Bogen indeholder ialt 94 fremtidsglimt, som kan inspirere til refleksion og samtale om den grønne omstilling.Bogen er velegnet til værtindegave, mandelgave og ”coffee-table book”. Den kan også give inspiration til studieprojekter om den grønne omstilling.

NY MYTEBOG OM VEJR OG KLIMA!Måske kender du dilemmaet: Bliver jeg mere våd af at løbe gennem regn, end hvis jeg går? Svaret finder du i bogen 100 myter om vejr og klima.Vejret har eksisteret længe før mennesket, men lige så længe vi mennesker har eksisteret, har vi været påvirket af vejret. Derfor er der efterhånden utroligt mange myter om vejr og klima, og rigtig mange informationer at holde styr på. Hvad er vås og hvad er virkelighed?I 100 myter om vejr og klima tager forfatterne hånd om 100 velkendte myter, der på en humoristisk, videnskabelig og letforståelig måde behandles og dømmes enten sande eller falske – både dem om CO2, torden, snevejr, Antarktis og Amazonas, og alt derimellem. Findes der fx to ens snefnug eller ej? Kan gigtpatienter virkelig mærke, at et omskift i vejret er på vej? Og er det solpletter, der er hovedårsagen til klimaforandringerne, eller er Antarktis faktisk ved at blive større?

Alle taler om vejret, men ingen gør noget ved det, sagde Storm P. Fra tidernes morgen har mennesket fascineret betragtet himlen og funderet over universets indretning - og lige så længe har vi drømt om at kunne forudsige og måske endda påvirke vejret.Vejret gennem 5000 år er en rigt illustreret videnskab- og kulturhistorisk beretning om meteorologiens udvikling. De første systematiske observationer af vejret kendes fra mesopotamiske lertavler, mens grundstenen til en egentlig meteorologisk videnskab blev lagt med de græske filosoffers erkendelse af, at hagl og stormvejr ikke er udtryk for gudernes vrede, men naturfænomener, der kan forklares rationelt.Bogen følger de videnskabelige gennembrud og vildfarelser, der førte fra oldtidens astrologiske vejrvarsler til nutidens computerbaserede langtidsprognoser. Undervejs inddrages historiske begivenheder, hvor meteorologien har spillet en afgørende rolle - som da vejrudsigterne fik direkte indflydelse på forløbet af de allieredes invasion i Frankrig i juni 1944.I vore dage er ønsket om at kontrollere vejret så stærkt som nogensinde. Vi prøver ikke længere at formidle vejrguderne gennem ritualer, men det diskuteres, om voldsomme cykloner og stigende temperaturer er varsler om kommende klimakatastrofer, og om det er muligt at afværge et sådant ragnarok. Meteorologiske spørgsmål, der har optaget mennesker gennem 5000 år.

This proceedings book focuses on advanced technologies to monitor and model urban soils, vegetation and climate, including internet of things, remote sensing, express and non-destructive techniques. The Smart and Sustainable Cities (SSC) conference is a regular event, organized each second year in RUDN University (Russia) and providing a multidisciplinary platform for scientists and practitioners in urban environmental monitoring, modeling, planning and management.

Da jorden blev dannet for 4,6 milliarder år siden, var den så varm, at intet levende kunne bo her. Det var bare en gold og stenet kugle. Men kometer af is blev ved med at bombardere planeten, så den til sidst blev afkølet og beboelig. Det skabte fundamentet for det liv, vi kender her på kloden. Så når vi tænder for vores vandhane eller tager en isterning ud af fryseren, så er det alt sammen, fordi en serie af kometer bestående primært af is bragte vand og materialer ned til jorden fra rummets fjerneste afkroge. Vi er ikke bare stjernestøv. Vi er smeltede iskrystaller.ISBOGEN er en fortælling om fortryllelse, eventyr og prøvelser i et vanvittigt element. En kærlighedssang til isen, dens mystik og videnskaben bag.Gennem Jordens lange historie har gigantiske områder været dækket med is. Den har formet den måde, vores landskab ser ud på og påvirket den måde, vi mennesker lever på. Is er afgørende for kloden og for de enorme systemer, der holder vores vejr i skak og gør planeten beboelig. Men hvad er is, hvorfor er den altafgørende for vores art, og hvad sker der den dag, isen er væk?ISBOGEN er en livsbekræftende og underholdende bog, der beretter om isens enorme indvirkning på vores fælles historie og samtidig afslører de hemmeligheder, som ligger gemt dybt under den kilometerdybe sne i Grønland.

Revised and updated for the 2nd edition, this textbook provides an analysis and investigation of the most essential areas of environmental economic theory and policy, including international environmental problems. The approach is based on standard theoretical tools, in particular equilibrium analysis, and aims to demonstrate how economic principles can help to understand environmental issues and guide policymakers. Current topics including climate change, overfishing and integrated approaches to environmental policies are carefully analyzed in this framework, and a multitude of practical examples from various parts of the world is presented. Addressing undergraduate and graduate students, this book is a must read for everybody interested in a better understanding of environmental economics.

As the population is growing and urbanization is progressing, higher numbers of people are exposed to disaster risks, especially in the developing countries. Climate change is further worsening the impacts of existing risks and introducing new ones. It is imperative that countries need to invest more in disaster risk reduction (DRR) as well as climate change adaptation (CCA) not only to minimize their impacts but also to build resilience.To date, various international arenas have recommended increasing investment in DRR. The Sendai Framework for DRR, adopted by the UN member states in 2015 during the Third UN World Conference on DRR, emphasizes investment as a priority for decreasing disaster risks and losses. The Yangon Declaration set the goal of doubling investment to address water-related disasters. However, most countries are not able to proactively invest enough in DRR. Understanding the current scale and estimate of investment and its effects is crucial for promoting DRR investment, but such information and estimates are rarely available.This book examines the current investment trends and issues in DRR and CCA. Based on specific case studies, field data and evidence, the book identifies challenges in increasing investment and recommends various investment policies and innovative approaches to sustainable progress towards a resilient future.Chapter 12  is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book is a comprehensive guide for veterinary and humanitarian professionals to plan emergency responses for the care and welfare of animals. It covers various topics on disasters, such as principles of disaster management, operation planning, team deployment, etc., from the perspective of saving both livestock and the livelihood of vulnerable communities. The book also discusses the importance of early warning systems, biosecurity, techniques for data collection, one health approach, climate change, and appropriate mitigation strategies. It highlights different principles, approaches, and guidelines related to the rescue, relief, and management of animals during disasters. It also contains topics on the welfare of birds and the rescue and relief of wild animals. This book includes essential veterinary and life-saving supplies required by the relief providing teams during emergencies such as disasters. The book helps administrators understand the key aspects of welfare and management of animals during disasters and enable them to draft policies focusing on humans and animals' rescue & welfare and protection of livelihoods. It is an essential guide for veterinarians, humanitarian workers, field functionaries, farmers, disaster response forces personnel, etc., during various types of disasters and emergencies.

The objective of this book is to help readers better understand the links between fossil fuel, greenhouse gas, and climate change in a clear, explanatory format. It avoids sensationalism and politics, using plain language to explain the details of the science, how the science works, and how we know what we know. It describes the history of fossil fuels, why fossil fuel combustion products are a problem, and what must be done to address the impacts on climate. It provides details about a number of energy engineering solutions to replace fossil fuels and technology called geoengineering that can cool the planet and directly remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Some of these technologies can be implemented almost immediately, and others may be applied in the future. Many young people are pessimistic about the future and prepared to give up on addressing climate change. The book strives to maintain hope throughout that humanity can solve this and other environmental problems. The climate crisis was caused by human engineering, and human engineering can fix it. The goal is to produce informed readers that can have responsible discussions with their political leaders about implementing solutions to climate change.

This volume discusses climate change impacts on groundwater quality in arid and semi-arid regions, and provides human health risk assessments due to pollution of surface and groundwater. The book presents recent trends in monitoring groundwater management and implementing pollution mitigation strategies, including practices involving remote sensing and GIS techniques, entropy water quality index, weighted arithmetic water quality index, fuzzy logic applications, and improved irrigation methods. The book also outlines hydrological processes in arid and semi-arid regions and hydrochemical properties of surface and groundwater as a necessary background for understanding how pollution impacts groundwater quality and resources, and how geographical modeling of hydrological processes can aid in human health risk assessments. The book is intended for academics, administrators, policymakers, social scientists, and professionals involved in the various aspects of climate change impact on groundwater quality, hydrological process, pollution mitigation strategies, sustainable development, and environmental planning and management. 

This book highlights several opportunities that exist in satellite remote sensing of large-scale terrestrial hydrology. It lays bare the novel concept of remote sensing hydrology and demonstrates key applications of advance satellite technology and new methods in advancing our fundamental understanding of environmental systems. This includes, using state-of-the-art satellite hydrology missions like the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and other multi-mission satellite systems as important tools that underpin water resources planning and accounting. This book discusses and demonstrates how the efficacy, simplicity, and sophistication in novel computing platforms for big earth observation data can help facilitate environmental monitoring and improve contemporary understanding of climate change impacts on freshwater resources. It also provides opportunities for practitioners and relevant government agencies to leverage satellite-based information in a transdisciplinary context to address several environmental issues affecting society. This book provides a general framework and highlights methods to help improve our understanding of hydrological processes and impact analysis from extreme events (e.g., droughts, floods) and climate change.

This book describes a simple yet innovative method for performing Raman spectroscopy of samples submerged under liquid nitrogen. While Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for the characterization of the structure of matter in the gaseous, liquid, and solid phases, one major difficulty in its application has been laser damage to the material under investigation, especially for biological samples. This book demonstrates how immersion of the sample in liquid nitrogen protects the sample from thermal degradation and oxidation at high incident laser power and allows improvements in sensitivity and spectral resolution over room-temperature Raman spectroscopy, leading to the so-called RUN (Raman Spectroscopy Under liquid Nitrogen) technique. Cooling to liquid nitrogen temperature also allows the selection of the lowest energy molecular conformation for molecules which may have many low energy conformers. In addition, the presence of liquid nitrogen over a roughened surface improves the sensitivity of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), enabling the closely related SERSUN (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Under liquid Nitrogen) technique. This book starts with the theoretical and experimental basics of Raman and polarized Raman spectroscopy, before moving on to detailed descriptions of RUN and SERSUN. Room temperature and RUN spectra are provided for over fifty molecules.

This book presents a variety of climate change impact and mitigation strategies for different environments in India. These include fractional snow cover change in the Himalayan region, and the impact of frequent cyclonic storms on land use and land cover changes along coastal areas. The book explores watershed, surface water, and hydrologic conditions for urban storm water drainage, as well as trend analysis of precipitation, and a statistical approach to detect rainfall trends.The book starts with a critical review of climate change diplomacy, adaptation and mitigation strategies in South Asian countries. It also covers the role of natural gas in energy security. There are chapters pertaining to farmer's perception on the impact of climate change, as well discussion on land use change and ecological implications. Many geographical areas are covered including; the Mahananda River Basin, Pindar Basin, Kumaun Himalaya, the Upper Tapi River Basin, Southern Kerala Districts, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka State, Telangana State, Tamil Nadu State, to name a few.

This book provides recent understanding about the sustainable development in agriculture. It includes information regarding new approaches for sustainable development in agriculture, horticulture and fisheries. It examines the effect of climate change and provides information on climate smart practices. In addition, some important aspects like quality seed production, role of bioinoculants, on-farm water harvesting, non-thermal processing of food, importance of water use in organic agriculture have also been discussed. It also presents in detail plant disease aspect and their management strategies. This book aims to provide an overall understanding of all aspects related to the study of environment resources, its protection for sustainable development. To meet the growing food demand of the over nine billion people who will exist by 2050 and the expected dietary changes, agriculture will need to produce 60 percent more food globally in the same period. The goal of sustainable agriculture is to meet society's food and textile needs in the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Practitioners of sustainable agriculture seek to integrate three main objectives into their work: a healthy environment, economic profitability, and social and economic equity. Every person involved in the food system growers, food processors, distributors, retailers, consumers, and waste managers can play a role in ensuring a sustainable agricultural system.

This unique richly-illustrated account of the landforms and geology of the world's coasts, presented in a country-by-country (state-by-state) sequence, assembles a vast amount of data and images of an endangered and increasingly populated and developed landform. An international panel of 138 coastal experts provides information on "e;what is where"e; on each sector of coast, together with explanations of the landforms, their evolution and the changes taking place on them. As well as providing details on the coastal features of each country (state or county) the compendium can be used to determine the extent of particular features along the world's coasts and to investigate comparisons and contrasts between various world regions. With more than 1440 color illustrations and photos, it is particularly useful as a source of information prior to researching or just visiting a sector of coast. References are provided to the current literature on coastal evolution and coastline changes.  

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL) is the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of the multiple interactions between climate change and land, assessing climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. It assesses the options for governance and decision-making across multiple scales. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Atmospheric Thermodynamics provides a comprehensive treatment of a subject that can often be intimidating. The text analyses real-life problems and applications of the subject, alongside of guiding the reader through the fundamental basics followed by an emphasis on moist processes in the Earth's atmosphere.