Økonomisk geografi

This book evaluates local conservation successes of global south in the climate milieu, as an empirical evidence of 'Bio-rights' of commons at community-ecosystem interface for sustainable intensification of nature's goods and services. Bio-rights is a right-based neo-economic conservation paradigm that compensates the opportunity costs incurred in conservation efforts by the marginal communities, living near globally important ecosystems and dependent on it for their livelihood, through payments from environment services. The book would bring forth the true value of circular economic interventions in socio-ecological conservation, shaped through sustainable human interactions with nature. This multilevel study of conservation science serves an interdisciplinary academia, consistent with conventions on climate change, bio-diversity and sustainable development, to establish links between conservation priorities and development objectives. Herein, Bio-rights is introduced as a 'design approach' for production linked sustainable development, supplemented with case studies from the east.

A fully updated and expanded edition of Richard Denniss's clear, witty guide to understanding political jargon about the economy. 'Economics is like a tyre lever: it can be used to solve a problem, or to beat someone over the head.' What is econobabble? We hear it every day, when politicians and commentators use incomprehensible economic jargon to dress up their self-interest as the national interest, to make the absurd seem inevitable or the inequitable seem fair. This book exposes the stupid arguments, bizarre contradictions and complete lack of evidence upon which much 'common sense' about the economy rests in Australia. Econobabble is for those who, deep down, have never believed that it makes sense, economic or otherwise, to help poor people by slashing public spending on the services they need. It's for those who have a sneaking suspicion that it would be cheaper to avoid the effects of climate change than to let them happen and then 'adapt'. And it's for those who think pitting public health and aged care against the economy is a false dilemma, one that's short-sighted, callous and potentially dangerous. In this new edition, Richard Denniss demolishes the tired and misleading arguments of right-wing economic 'experts' with humour and precision, empowering you to cut through the babble and reach the truth.

The Great Depression was one of the worst catastrophes the United States as a nation has ever faced, and its effects were much more far-reaching than just the damage done to the American economy. Because of it, seeds of desperation would spread far and wide.An unstable Europe, already struggling to find its way after the First World War, would find itself buckling under additional economic duress. Soon, totalitarian governments would come to power in places such as Germany, Italy, and Japan and lead the whole world back to war. Discover a plethora of topics such asCauses of the Great DepressionThe Depression and the Hoover AdministrationThe Election of 1932 and the Rise of Franklin RooseveltThe Depression and American CultureSetbacks and DetractorsLast Steps Toward Recovery-and WarAnd much more!This educational resource dives deep into the economic problems and solutions prevalent during the Great Depression. It also includes lessons on the new economic deals, which have been designed to counter the negative effects of the Depression. Encourage your child to read and learn. Grab a copy today.

This SpringerBrief describes the development and use of a synthetic indicator to assess different degrees of sustainability adoption by economic sector and businesses size. To make this analysis a theoretical framework which involves variables common to alternative frameworks (specifically ESG, GRI and Istat) is proposed. The empirical analysis focuses on the environmental, social and economic variables of the Italian businesses. In this analysis, all three pillars of sustainability ¿ economic, environmental, and social ¿ are considered. The work begins with a review of business sustainability literature and a look into institutional frameworks for the development and measurement of the phenomena. Connections between businesses and the SDGs are examined and comparison of the classifications of sustainable activities defined by GRI and ESG international standards is used to define a framework to be adopted to analyse ISTAT Business Census. Selected indicator variables are aggregated with a synthetic indicator and the results are presented (this is a new proposal of a synthetic indicator useful for the type of data used and published by ISTAT ¿ Italian National Statistical Institute), discussing pros and cons of using it. This study provides two important innovative contributions. The first one is about how to approach the theoretical framework of businesses sustainability at firms aggregated level. The basic idea to work on a set of variables common to different approaches is interesting from the interpretative point of view. The second one, is about the specific empirical analysis, i.e. the Italian businesses sustainability situation. The investigation based on this new theoretical classification/framework and the new proposed indicator provides some interesting substantive results.

Globalised neoliberal capitalism continues to entrench inequality, environmental degradation, and social division. The Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), or Brazilian Landless Rural Workers Movement, offer us a route beyond any theoretical impasse or reluctant acquiescence to the enduring social and economic status quo. Through time spent working and being among the MST many of their defining features and practices are mapped. These include land occupations; the organisation of work co-operatively; the practising of agro-ecology; participatory democracy; implementation of gender quotas for community leadership positions; and the application of principles based upon the 'common good'. From these experiences, challenges, and successes there is a great deal that we as a global community can learn from MST communities as we think about alternative, just futures.

Nach ersten, wenig erfolgreichen Entwicklungsimpulsen in den 1990er Jahren ist der Online-Lebensmitteleinzelhandel in Deutschland inzwischen in eine Expansionsphase übergegangen, die durch einen Wandel unterschiedlicher Einflussfaktoren begünstigt wurde, so zuletzt beispielsweise durch Rahmenbedingungen der Covid-19-Pandemie. Diese Entwicklung führt dabei nicht nur zu einer Herausbildung neuer oder transformierter Betriebsformen, sondern treibt auch einen Wandel von räumlichen Organisationstrukturen an, der veränderte Standortanforderungen handelnder Akteure mit sich bringt. Diese Arbeit untersucht jene Veränderungen in Bezug auf Logistik, Lagerinfrastruktur und Filialsysteme anhand von ausgewählten Unternehmensbeispielen aus dem ergänzenden, reinen sowie kombinierten E-Commerce. Dabei bedient sich die Arbeit einerseits am theoretischen Ansatz der Multi-Level-Perspektive aus dem Blickwinkel der Transitionsforschung, um zu ergründen, warum eine Expansion des Online-Lebensmitteleinzelhandels heute im Gegensatz zu den 1990er Jahren begünstigt wird. Andererseits wird mithilfe eines Methodenmixes aus Sekundärdatenanalyse und qualitativer Forschung analysiert, welche Charakteristika die neuen Betriebsformen aufweisen und welche veränderten Ansprüche diese an die Organisationsstruktur sowie die Standorte von Handelsunternehmen stellen. Dabei kann verdeutlicht werden, dass logistische Abläufe (wie auch der Ort der Warenübergabe) heute eine hohe Relevanz für die Charakteristik einer Betriebsform aufweisen und der Online-Lebensmitteleinzelhandel somit zu einer größeren Hybridisierung des Lebensmitteleinkaufs - überwiegend in urbanen Räumen - führt. Dies zeigt zudem, dass bisherige Betriebsformensystematiken nicht mehr ausreichen, um die komplexen Merkmale der neuen Betriebsformen und Vertriebsmodelle hinreichend abzubilden.

Markets & Prosperity is a collection of 17 essays focused on the importance of leveraging markets, not government dictate, to solve Australia's most pressing challenges. Contributors from across both sides of the political aisle, academia, journalism, and business have come together to present bold and challenging ideas to address housing affordability, energy and climate change, childcare, higher education and tax and the size of government.In an era of higher taxes and spending and the return of industry policy, Markets & Prosperity aims to re-state the case for smaller government and sustainable economic management.Harry Stutchbury is a Management Consultant with Kearney. He has a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Sydney and a Masters of Commerce and a Masters of Analytics from the University of New South Wales. He has previously worked as an adviser to State and Federal Liberal politicians.ContentsIntroduction. Harry Stutchbury1 Australia as a leader in cutting emissions and attracting investment through corporate law. Andrew Bragg 2 Revitalising the Australian childcare sector: The role of federation reform. Jane Buncle 3 Menzies and Free Trade: Lessons for Today. Georgina Downer 4 Are markets anti-social? Craig Emerson 5 The opportunity gap. Jason Falinski 6 Government by the people. Gigi Foster and Paul Frijters 7 What are you doing with my money? If you can't tell me, you don't deserve to have it. Robert Holt 8 Tilting at Windmills: Government delusion as the hero in Australia's future prosperity. Gisele Kapterian 9 We should be so lucky. Andrew Low 10 Reforming our criminal justice system. Evan Mulholland 11 Markets in publicly-funded services - the case of demand-driven university funding. Andrew Norton 12 Fixing housing policy. Aaron Patrick 13 Reforming the states. Chris Rath 14 A country with less regulation will have a smaller government. Gerard Rennick 15 Markets and prosperity Harry Stutchbury 16 A new pathway to prosperity Tom Switzer 17 Common good, not culture wars. Chaneg Torres Bibliography

"A New York Times bestselling author and leading expert on market risk argues that seismic shifts in the global economy will trigger a multi-trillion-dollar migration of wealth, tracing the fateful decisions that created this crisis-and outlines new rules of investing for the forward-thinking. From Wall Street to the White House, the fantasy of an eventual 'return to normal' is still alive and well, nurtured by dangerously outdated theories. But the economic world as we know it--andthe rules that govern it--are over. In the coming decade, we'll witness sustained inflation, a series of sovereign and corporate debt crises, and a thundering of capital out of financial assets into hard assets-and few are prepared. Lawrence McDonald got a real-world education in market risk when, as a Lehman Brothers VP, he watched the firm ignore flashing warning signs before its collapse. His analysis led him to identify twenty-one indicators for gauging the health of an economy and detecting early signals of opportunity and danger. In How to Listen When Markets Speak, McDonald unveils his unique predictive models, connecting surprising dots between past, present, and future and outlining actionable trading ideas. Rather than merely doomsaying, How to Listen When Markets Speak equips readers to make sense of our current moment, resist reactionary narratives and baseless analysis, and pounce on a new investing playbook"--

Xenophon the Athenian was born 431 B.C. He was a pupil of Socrates. He marched with the Spartans, and was exiled from Athens. Sparta gave him land and property in Scillus, where he lived for many years before having to move once more, to settle in Corinth. He died in 354 B.C. The Economist records Socrates and Critobulus in a talk about profitable estate management, and a lengthy recollection by Socrates of Ischomachus' discussion of the same topic. INTERLOCUTORS Socrates and Critobulus At Chapter VII. a prior discussion held between Socrates and Ischomachus is introduced: On the life of a "beautiful and good" man. In these chapters (vii.-xxi.) Socrates is represented by the author as repeating for the benefit of Critobulus and the rest certain conversations which he had once held with the beautiful and good Ischomachus on the essentials of economy. It was a tete-a-tete discussion, and in the original Greek the remarks of the two speakers are denoted by such phrases as {ephe o 'Iskhomakhos-ephen egio}-"said (he) Ischomachus," "said I." (Socrates) To save the repetition of expressions tedious in English, I have, whenever it seemed help to do so, ventured to throw parts of the reported conversations into dramatic form, inserting "Isch." "Soc." in the customary way to designate the speakers; but these, it must be borne in mind, are merely "asides" to the reader, who will not forget that Socrates is the narrator throughout-speaking of himself as "I," and of Ischomachus as "he," or by his name.

This book discusses leafy spices or herbs known as "e;aromatic herbs"e;, which, apart from being used in culinary art for flavoring of foods and beverages, are also known to possess antiseptic, anti-oxidant and other medicinal properties, in addition to many nutraceutical and cosmetic properties. Of the numerous herbs twelve of the commercially important herbs are imported into 4 major European markets, namely, France, Germany, United Kingdom and The Netherlands to the tune of 12000 to 13000 tonnes per annum. This book discusses these leafy herbs and their tremendous commercial potential in international trade. The book offers a comprehensive insight into  commercial herbs, with an objective of enhancing their yield, and provides a platform for further research into the global trade potential.

This book examines regional structural challenges on Colombiäs path to sustainable social cohesion and regionally inclusive growth. These challenges can be divided into three main groups: (i) those that focus on competitiveness and the supply side, (ii) those that arise from critical business cycle issues on the demand side, and (iii) those concerning environmental sustainability, employment and social inclusion. The contributions, written by experts on Latin American economics and regional science, apply quantitative simulations based on a unified general equilibrium framework and address a wide range of topics, including: Colombiäs competitive integration in global markets, human capital profiles, regional economic disparities and public and private mechanisms of interregional income transfer. The challenges entailed by such high-profile and long-term issues as productivity growth and climate change are also analyzed. In addition, the book positions Colombiäs experiences in an international comparative context. It argues that many other Latin American countries face similar challenges and provide evidence to substantiate this claim. By doing so, it offers valuable policy lessons for Latin American countries with similar difficulties.

This book for the first time thoroughly investigates the extent of economic and institutional integrations and the underlying governance reshuffling process of Chinäs city-regionalism. By using the Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou sub-region (SDH) in southern China as an empirical case, this book provides convincing evidence that Chinäs city-regionalism is essentially a state-orchestrated and institution-based process. Perspectives from ¿market-industry-infrastructure¿ and multi-level governance (MLG) have been provided to systematically examine Chinäs city-regionalism. This book has essentially made a definitive contribution to Chinäs regional governance. Methodologically, it shows how Chinäs city-regionalism can be examined through a problem-solving and case-by-case paradigm, through building a bridge between an empirical slogan and an inclusive theoretical term for institutional integration and through MLG and its integrative approaches in China. Exhilarating findings are presented using extensive tables, graphs, and maps along with the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods. Undergraduates, graduates, and researchers who are interested in Chinäs city-regionalism and regional governance would be the readership of the book, and officers from different levels of government as well as policymakers will find the book inspiring.

This book is written as a tribute to Frederick Nixson¿s extensive work on industrial development in the Global South, while seeking to actively engage with the latest arguments concerning development economics, together with changes in manufacturing and industrial policy that continue to shape the role of the Global South in the international economy, the impact of the increased concentration of global multinational corporations in that space, along with the rise of new financing tools and debt traps. The chapters pay homage to Fred¿s broad view of the international development process and reflect his breadth of perception both theoretically and geographically. The book targets both the scholarly and policymaking audience.

China-Linking Markets for Growth gathers together leading scholars on China's economic success and its effect on the world economy into the next few decades.

The book discusses China's economic transformation with contributions made by leading analysts from China, the United States and Australia.

"This is an eye-opening, must-read blockbuster of a book showing how banks' money and power corrupts Washington and our financial system. Compellingly and insightfully connecting the dots, Gerald Epstein details how the bankers' club is also a literal club, beating down opposition and hardworking Americans, and concludes with a visionary plan for how the system can be changed to benefit all Americans."--Dennis M. Kelleher, President and CEO, Better Markets "Busting the Bankers' Club reminds us that the United States has still not fixed the weaknesses in its banking system to prevent financial meltdowns. Epstein exposes why the fault lines are still there and what we can do to prepare for the next disaster when no amount of regulation is sufficient."--Jennifer Taub, author of Big Dirty Money and host of the podcast Booked Up with Jen Taub "An essential guide to all that's gone so deeply wrong in the US financial sector. 'Roaring finance' has destroyed the economy and upended the lives of working people (and too often distorted the priorities of those who represent them). A 'bankers' club' now threatens democracy by amplifying the power of Wall Street. Epstein offers a concrete road map for bold yet achievable strategies to reclaim finance for the social good."--Ilene Grabel, author of When Things Don't Fall Apart: Global Financial Governance and Developmental Finance in an Age of Productive Incoherence "Busting the Bankers' Club is a revealing look behind the curtain of the banking industry's various crises and failures. Instead of focusing on the policies or practices that lead to such disparate economic outcomes in our economy, Epstein hones in on the network of people, from bankers to lobbyists to academic economists, who tightly control the credit and capital structure that rightfully belongs to the people. Epstein's account correctly identifies an often-overlooked source of unfairness and also points the way forward through a more democratic and just banking system run for and on behalf of the people. This book is a must-read for students of finance and activists alike, written by a foremost scholar in the field. The book is timely, necessary, and enlightening."--Mehrsa Baradaran, Professor of Law, University of California, Irvine "Gerald Epstein's Busting the Bankers' Club is an indispensable guide to how the financial elite made banking a self-serving and unstable cartel, and how to turn banking back into the servant of the real economy rather than the master."--Robert Kuttner, coeditor of The American Prospect and Professor of Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University "Read this book before the bankers get it banned. In lucid and accessible prose, Epstein tells us what's wrong with the bankers' club and what should be done to bust it apart and build finance that works for the rest of us."--Fred Block, Research Professor of Sociology, University of California, Davis

This volume aims to explore project management contributions to sustainable business change based on renewability, reuse, and repair as well as the effect of circular economy business solutions on project management in terms of the management approach, governance, and leadership. The main aim of integrating project management with a circular business paradigm is not only to learn how project management can contribute to achieving circular economy principles, but also to understand the impact of business needs on project management. By understanding these needs, recommendations can be developed and promoted among different stakeholders such as governments, financial institutions, and education institutions with the goal of supporting and assisting project management to drive sustainable business change. This approach will enable readers to assess how project management professions can support a shift toward sustainable business. The primary audience of this work is management scholars, educators, researchers, and students. Scholars, government representatives, financial institutions, management educators, start-up companies, innovative entrepreneurs, and all others who use the circular economy to support sustainable development can also find much of use in this book.

What is our social new economic measurement method ? The objective of macroeconomic behavioral methods is to control the short run behavior of an country's economy development. Is it useful to be applied to assist developing countries' economic development. If we think of stability as a situation in which the main macro variables are at a desired or target level. In first part , I shall explain whether macro or micro economic method is more easily to predict or measure when and how and why the developing country's consumer shopping desire to be rised or reduced. Can we apply macroeconomic behavioral methods to help developing countries to control current rate of inflation, output or productive rising levels. It is necessary for the developing countries' economy to adjust from its current situation of instability to the target stabilised position.

For small-scale fisheries around the world, the Blue Growth and Blue Economy initiatives may provide sustainable development, but only insofar as they align with the global consensus enshrined in the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication. If states do nothing to fulfill the promises they made when they endorsed these guidelines in 2014, the Blue Economy will come at a loss for small-scale fisheries and further their marginalization in the ocean economy. Under the umbrella of Blue Justice, this book demonstrates that these risks are real and must be considered as states implement their sustainable ocean development plans. These are human rights issues, which are embedded into governance principles and institutions and which make a difference for small-scale fisheries people in their daily lives. In stressing the importance of policies and institutions that build on the experiences of small-scale fisheries people in the contexts in which they operate, this book draws on case studies of small-scale fisheries from countries on all continents to clarify what Blue Justice entails for small-scale fisheries and make suggestions for real change. "e;Through the Blue Justice paradigm, this book flags the relevance of recognizing the potential impact that different factors, including the Blue Economy approach, could bring to fishing communities, their livelihoods, cultural traditions, and other potential multidimensional conflicts. Vulnerability in fishing communities can increase and inequalities can be reinforced at different levels if individuals and community capabilities are not strengthened... A first of its kind, not to be missed, this book is informative, purposeful, and pertinent in an era of change"e;. Silvia Salas, CINVESTAV, Marine Resources Department, Merida, Mexico "e;The studies reveal that Blue Justice is a 'governability' issue, which requires establishing 'right' institutions, that are transdisciplinary (integrated), participatory, and holistic. It is implicit from these writings that the SSF Guidelines and Blue Growth initiatives do not form two different discourses, and that the implementation of the former would resolve many of the justice issues caused by the latter, in favor of small-scale fisheries and their communities"e;.  Oscar Amarasinghe, Professor & Chancellor, Ocean University of Sri Lanka and     President, Sri Lanka Forum for Small Scale Fisheries (SLFSSF)

Der Lebensmittelonlinehandel in Deutschland gewann, verstärkt durch die Covid-19-Pandemie, an Umsatzanteilen im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel. Hierdurch wurden neue Anforderungen an Arbeit und Beschäftigung in Deutschland geschaffen. Insbesondere in urbanen Räumen hat die Lebensmittelzustellung durch neu entstandene Betriebsformen zugenommen. So entstehen durch das Versprechen der Betriebe, Lebensmittel in kurzen Zeiträumen zu liefern, verschiedene Logistikstandorte und u.a. urbane Fahrradlieferdienste. Während Medien und Gewerkschaften bereits vor der Entstehung prekärer Arbeitsbedingungen warnen, sind die genauen Auswirkungen des Lebensmittelonlinehandels auf die Entwicklung neuer Arbeitsstandorte und die dort stattfindende Beschäftigung nur unzureichend bekannt. Diese Arbeit untersucht den Lebensmittelonlinehandel anhand seiner Betriebsformen, Standorte und Arbeitsprozesse sowie deren Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigte in Deutschland. Den konzeptionellen Hintergrund bilden Arbeiten der geographischen Handelsforschung sowie Debatten zu Arbeitsplatzqualität und Beschäftigung. Für die Analyse sind Primärdaten und Sekundärdaten erhoben worden. Es zeigt sich, dass teilweise komplexe Betriebsformen entstehen, bei denen sich die Arbeit und Arbeitsorte verändern. Zudem entstehen neue Herausforderungen für die Beschäftigten (u.a. physische und psychische Belastung), welche in dieser Arbeit identifiziert werden.

This Open Access book on Ocean Governance examines sustainability challenges facing our oceans today. The book is organized into three sections: knowledge systems, policy foundations and thematic analyses. The knowledge produced in the book was catalyzed by the scientific outcomes within the European-funded Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) network ¿Ocean Governance for Sustainability ¿ Challenges, Options and the Role of Science¿. This network brings together scientists, policy-makers and civil society representatives from 28 nation states to cooperate on ocean governance research. This book offers a compilation of new research material including focused case studies, broad policy syntheses and reflective chapters on the history and current status of knowledge production systems on ocean governance. New research material is presented, although some chapters draw on secondary sources. The book starts with synthetic review chapters from the editors, outlining past andpresent knowledge systems, addressing how and why ocean governance for sustainability is where it currently stands with critical reflections on existing narratives, path dependencies and colonialist histories. This is followed by chapters addressing, synthesizing and analyzing different legal and policy frameworks for ocean governance both regionally and internationally. At the core of the book are the thematic analyses, which provide focused case studies with detailed contextual information in support of different ocean governance challenges and sustainability pathways around the world. The book concludes with a chapter explicitly targeting students, researchers and policy-makers with key take-away messages compiled by the editors.

The Arctic has become a global arena. This development can only be comprehensively understood from a transdisciplinary perspective encompassing ecological, cultural, societal, economic, industrial, geopolitical, and security considerations. This book offers thorough explanations of Arctic developments and challenges. Global warming is in large part the driving force behind the transformation of the Arctic by making access possible to the areas previously out of reach for mining and shipping. An all-year ice-free Arctic Ocean, a reality possible as soon as perhaps 2030, creates a new dynamic in the North. The retreating ice edge enables the exploitation of previously inaccessible resources such as hydrocarbon deposits and rare metals, as well as the shortest sea route from Asia to Europe. Consequently, the Northern Sea Route (NSR) promises faster and cheaper shipping. Russia, along side foreign investment, especially from China, is financing the needed infrastructure. A warming Arctic, however, also has negative impacts. The Arctic is home to fragile ecosystems that are already showing signs of deteriorating. The Arctic has seen unprecedented wildfires, which, together with the release of trapped methane from the disappearing permafrost, will, in turn, accelerate global warming. A warmer Arctic Ocean will also negatively impact fisheries. Couple this with other global changes, such as ocean acidification and modified ocean currents, and the global outlook is bleak. Additionally, the security situation in the Arctic is worsening. After the 2014 Ukraine crisis, the West imposed sanctions on the Russian Federation, which have revived the divisions of the Cold War. The reemergence of these postures is threatening the highly successful Barents Cooperation and other initiatives for peace in the circumpolar North. This book offers new insights and presents arguments for how to mitigate the challenges the Arctic is facing today.

Nowadays, we are experiencing new economic development period. Many countries societies will have significant unpredicted change, however, we will difficult to predict whether what our societies will change or how and why we future societies will have these possible changes. I write this book aims to explain whether what some social changes will be causes to influence our daily living in possible future development. Due to we are experiencing new economic development period, so we ought to attempt to predict whether what our societies will be influenced to change by new economic development. What are our social customer and economic problems ususally we will encounter in our lives. Can economists apply any economic theories to attempt to solve any economic or customer problems absolutely? Do economists apply any economic theories to solve any problems in any economic environment or suitations or they need find the suitable economic theories to solve the suitable environment of economic or customer problems? Our technology will assist our society to develop or it can bring negative impact to influence our future social development. Readers can have more clear answers after you read this book.