Nanoteknologi

This book presents the select proceedings of 4th International Conference on Trends in Material Science and Inventive Materials (ICTMIM 2022). Various topics covered in this book are nanotechnology in materials science, green and sustainable materials, semiconductor & electronic materials and devices, bio electronic materials and sensors, thin films, materials surface and interfaces, modern electronic materials, multilayered structures and composite materials, quantum-sized structures and nanocrystals, electronic biosensors, MEMS and sensors, light emitting materials, nanomaterials, opto-electronic materials, microwave and antenna, nanostructure fabrication and self-assembly, self-healable and stretchable configurations, data-driven materials design, advanced charge transfer and suitable interfaces, metallization and superconductivity. Given the contents, the book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of material science and engineering.

Nanostructured ceria catalysts have shown promising results in selective oxidation reactions due to their unique properties and structures. In this field, Nallapa Reddy has conducted research on designing and developing efficient and effective ceria-based catalysts for selective oxidation reactions. The use of nanostructured ceria catalysts has gained a lot of attention in recent years due to their high surface area, unique surface chemistry, and excellent redox properties, making them ideal for catalysis. The study of nanostructured ceria catalysts involves the synthesis, modification, and characterization of ceria-based catalysts at the nanoscale level. These catalysts can be tailored to specific chemical reactions and processes by controlling their chemical synthesis, modification, and processing parameters. Chemical reactions can be optimized to maximize yield, selectivity, and specificity by understanding the chemical properties, mechanisms, and intermediates of the reaction. Various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the nanostructured ceria catalysts. The characterization results are crucial in understanding the structure-property relationship of the catalysts and to identify the optimal catalyst structure for a particular reaction. The potential applications of nanostructured ceria catalysts include catalytic oxidation reactions, redox reactions, and other chemical reactions in the field of chemical engineering. The surface properties of the catalysts can be modified to achieve the desired catalytic activity and selectivity for the specific reaction. These catalysts can be used for industrial applications in chemical synthesis, petrochemicals, and other chemical manufacturing processes. The development of nanostructured ceria catalysts has also contributed to the advancement of green chemistry by reducing the need for hazardous reagents and improving the efficiency of chemical reactions. However, the toxicity and biocompatibility of the catalysts need to be studied and considered to ensure their safe use in industrial applications and to prevent any negative impact on the environment. Overall, Nallapa Reddy's research on nanostructured ceria catalysts for selective oxidation reactions has contributed significantly to the field of catalysis and chemical engineering. The optimization of chemical reactions and the development of efficient and effective catalysts are crucial in achieving sustainable and efficient chemical manufacturing processes.

This book provides a comprehensive presentation of the most frequently used high resolution manufacturing techniques available, as well as the polymeric materials used for each of the techniques. Divided into two parts covering the technologies and materials used and the impact on different research fields and case studies, High Resolution Manufacturing from 2D to 3D/4D Printing: Applications in Engineering and Medicine addresses issues like throughput improvement by volumetric 3D printing and presenting novel applications and case studies. In addition, this book also covers the latest breakthrough developments and innovations to help readers understand the future applications of this technology across various disciplines, including biomedicine, electronics, energy, and photonics.

This book unravels the intriguing interplay between macroscopic manufacturing processes and microscopic fabrication techniques. It dives into the sophisticated world of precision manufacturing, where high accuracy, controlled processes enable the production of complex components and products. It covers micro and nano fabrication, which revolutionizes conventional manufacturing by creating minuscule yet highly functional parts, some even smaller than the width of a human hair. This book explores various topics, from precise machining techniques to nanoimprint technology, reflecting the vast breadth and depth of this field. The aim is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of how these micro and macro scales intertwine, opening new frontiers in manufacturing. By showcasing the latest research findings and their practical applications, this book elucidates the enormous potential and implications of this burgeoning field. The contents are laid out in a user-friendly manner to communicate complex ideas in an accessible, engaging way, making it a valuable resource for anyone curious about the next big leap in manufacturing technology.

Amine nanoparticles have emerged as a promising approach for TNT detection due to their high sensitivity and selectivity towards the explosive. Sarita Devi's research on amine nanoparticles for TNT detection explores the use of functionalized nanoparticles as chemical sensors for environmental monitoring and security applications. The study focuses on the material science and nanotechnology aspects of the development of nanomaterials for TNT detection. Surface functionalization of nanoparticles with amine groups is achieved through surface modification techniques, resulting in the formation of nanocomposites. The study investigates the sensing mechanisms underlying amine nanoparticles' TNT detection capabilities, including surface chemistry, nanotoxicity, and nanomedicine. The biocompatibility of amine nanoparticles with living systems is also explored, paving the way for future applications of these materials in nanosensors, gas sensors, and biosensors. The TNT detection capabilities of amine nanoparticles are investigated through various methods, including electrochemical, optical, fluorescent, magnetic, piezoelectric, and acoustic detection. The research focuses on the detection mechanisms underlying each technique, such as the degradation of TNT, adsorption of TNT, detection limits, selectivity, sensitivity, and specificity. Mass spectrometry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and surface area analysis are also used to investigate the properties of the nanoparticles and their interactions with TNT. The study's findings indicate that amine nanoparticles are highly effective in detecting TNT, with excellent selectivity and sensitivity, making them suitable for environmental monitoring and security applications. The study's characterization techniques reveal that the nanoparticles possess unique structural and surface properties that enable their high detection capabilities. The study also highlights the importance of careful assessment of nanotoxicity and biocompatibility in the development of nanomaterials for TNT detection and other applications. In conclusion, Sarita Devi's research on amine nanoparticles for TNT detection provides valuable insights into the development of nanomaterials for chemical sensing applications. The study's findings demonstrate the potential of amine nanoparticles for explosive detection and pave the way for the development of new, more effective materials for environmental monitoring and security applications.

Cancer is a term used for a collection of diseases in which some of the normal and somatic body cells start dividing and re-dividing out of control . It is a leading cause of the morbidity and mortality worldwide, second only to the cardiovascular diseases . The occurrence of cancer is not new to human kind and the world's oldest recorded case of breast cancer dates back to 1500 BC from ancient Egypt. Some evidences of human osteosarcoma were also found in mummies in ancient Egypt which have been recorded in the manuscripts dated about 1600 B.C . The word cancer, however, was first used by a physician Hippocrates which finds its origin in a Greek word 'karkinos' to describe carcinoma tumors . Our body is made up of the trillions of cells and any one of them could be the site of cancer initiation. During the normal physiological course, the human cells grow and divide to form new cells as and when the need arises (McDonald, Fielding, & Dedhar, 2008). Simultaneously, the old and damaged cells die and new cells replace them. This process operates in a checked manner. But this methodical operation breaks down when cancer develops and cells grow in an unchecked manner. These abnormal cells then form solid growths called tumors . Some cancers like that of blood cells and known as leukemias do not form solid tumors and remain floating in the blood stream and may reach other distal organs. The DNA damage repair, which is an inherent mechanism in normal cells, is compromised in cancerous cells. This damaged DNA can often be inherited leadingto a genetic predisposition to cancer. Cancer can be classified according to the organ of origin or according to the cells of the origin of cancer . On the basis of the cells of origin, major types of clinically identified cancer are carcinomas, sarcomas, leukaemias, lymphomas, myelomas, and brain and spinal cord cancer. Carcinomas are the most common type of cancer begins in the skin or in epithelial cells which lines the external body surface and covers the internal organs. These have been further classified into the subtypes such as, transitional cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma etc. depending upon the epithelial layer of origin .

This book focuses on the development of high-performance carbon electrodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). By proposing folded-graphene as the high-density cathode with excellent rate capability, it provides insight into the interplay between oxygen functional groups and folded texture. It also highlights the superiority of ether electrolytes matching with carbon anodes, which are shown to deliver largely improved electrochemical performance. The achievements presented offer a valuable contribution to the carbon-based electrodes in SIBs.

This book presents selected articles from the 3rd International Conference on Nanomaterials and Advanced Composites (NAC 2022) held at Tokushima University in Japan. This event brought together leading researchers and professionals from academia and industry to present their latest findings and served as a platform for the exchange of ideas aiming for further collaborations. Participants from over six countries shared their most up-to-date knowledge in their respective fields covering nanotechnology, nanomaterials, and advanced composites. Even though this conference had both on-site and remotely connected attendees, the main purpose to promote the networking among academics, engineers, and students was fully achieved. This book is part of the effort to disseminate the knowledge gathered during this meeting.The collection of articles covers topics on advanced composites, nanomaterials, ecological materials, energy, microfluidics, crystal growth, and photocatalysis. This representative account of the conference is intended to provide new and useful insights for prospective studies in materials science and engineering.

This book addresses challenges for the development of a point-of-care-test platform. The book describes printed chip-based assay (Lab-on-a-Chip, Lab-on-a-PCB) for rapid, inexpensive biomarkers detection in real samples. The main challenges of point-of-care testing require implementing complex analytical methods into low-cost technologies. This is particularly true for countries with less developed healthcare infrastructure. Washing-free, Lab-on-Chip, and Lab-on-PCB techniques are very simple and innovative for point-of-care device development. The redox cycling technology detects several interesting targets at the same time on a printed chip. The proposed areas are inherently cross-disciplinary, combining expertise in biosensing, electrochemistry, electronics and electrical engineering, health care, and manufacturing. This book focuses on recent advances and different research issues in the nanobiotechnology-enabled biosensor technology and also seeks out theoretical, methodological, well-established, and validated empirical work dealing with these different topics.

This book discusses the extraction, purification, modification, and processing of biobased materials and their various industrial applications, across biomedical, pharmaceutical, construction, and other industries. It includes contributions from experts on hybrid biopolymers and bio-composites, bioactive and biodegradable materials, bio-inert polymers, natural polymers and composites, and metallic natural materials. Therefore, this encyclopedia is a useful reference for scientists, academicians, research scholars, and technologists. Major challenges of biobased materials are their efficient development, cost-effective, and green & environment friendly production/applications. This encyclopedia answers these challenges to professionals and scientists for proper utilization of biobased materials. It presents the recent practices of biobased materials technology in different scientific and engineering domains. It helps the bounded industrial outcomes to reach the general readership of different domains. This encyclopedia bridges the technological gaps between the industrial and academic professionals and the novice young students/scholars. The interdisciplinarity of this encyclopedia makes it unique for a wide readership.  The topic of biobased materials is currently popular in the scientific community, working in such following areas as Recycled materials, Renewable materials, Materials for efficiency, Materials for waste treatment, Materials for reduction of environmental load, Materials for easy disposal or recycle, Hazardous free materials, Materials for reducing human health impact, Materials for energy efficiency, Materials for green energy, etc. This is a relatively hot topic in materials science and has strong demands for energy, material and money savings, as well as heavy contamination problems, despite that the area of biobased materials belongs to most important fields of modern science & technology, no important encyclopedias have been published in the area of "e;biobased materials"e;

In this book, readers will gain a deep understanding of the distinct characteristics and intricate formation mechanisms behind each type of diamond.A standout feature of this book is its in-depth exploration of nanodiamonds, shedding light on their unique formation processes. The narrative is thoughtfully organized, covering four main categories of natural diamonds and their related formation processes: 1)Interstellar nanodiamond particles; 2) Nano- and microcrustal diamonds associated with coals, sediments, and metamorphic rocks; 3) Nanodiamonds and microdiamonds associated with secondary alterations of mafic and ultramafic rocks mainly in the oceanic lithosphere; 4) Mantle-derived diamonds associated with kimberlites and their xenoliths, such as peridotites and eclogites.With clarity and precision, this book caters to both researchers and students in the fields of mineralogy and mineral formation. This book serves as an invaluable resource, offering an all-encompassing perspective on diamond formation, appealing to those curious minds eager to delve into the captivating realm of these precious gems.

The generation of waste from the construction industry, a reflection of population growth, changing habits and intense consumption, has been a cause of great concern to the world, since natural resources are finite and nature cannot absorb the exorbitant production of waste generated by society. In the city of Manaus, environmental problems, especially those related to construction, are no different from the rest of Brazil. The rubber boom at the end of the 19th century and the establishment of the Free Trade Zone in the 1960s were responsible for the growing population migration to the capital, thus boosting the growth of the construction industry and the generation of its waste. The aim of this book is to demonstrate the current scenario of construction waste management in the city of Manaus, from the perspective of sustainability, based on data collected from the Secretariats and public administration bodies, through bibliographies, as well as on construction sites, verifying the current situation of the final destination of construction waste, and what sustainability practices have been adopted.

This book covers synthesis, characterization, and applications of diverse types of nanomaterials. Specifically, it describes carbon, graphene, and graphene oxide-based nanomaterials and their use for environmental remediation; rare-earth ions-activated nanophosphors and their application; lanthanide-based oxides as advanced nanostructured materials for organic decontamination; and advanced functional nanomaterials for pollutant sensing and water remediation. The chapters explore the use of nanomaterials in solid-phase extraction technique, design of colorimetric sensor based on gold nanoparticles, optical sources and waveguides based on flexible 1D nanomaterials, synthesis and property characterization of 2D materials with applications, and the scale effects on the value of the surface energy of a solid. The developments of some nanomaterials such as zinc and nickel sulfides as photocatalysts and electrocatalysts, effects of reducing size and incorporation of nanoadditives, advanced carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene and its derivations as adsorbents, and carbon spheres and carbon soot for tribological applications are also presented in this book. In addition, nanomaterials for concrete coating applications and advances in the processing of high-entropy alloys by means of mechanical alloying are also covered. Subsequently, the use of nanomaterials in endodontics and the use of nanotechnology strategies to enhance restorative resin-based dental nanomaterials are reported.

This book presents the state-of-the-art coverage of optical materials and their application in various areas. The contents range from basic principles to quantum cutting luminescent materials, advances in plasmonic and photonic substrate-coupled fluorescence, lanthanide doped materials for optical applications, thermoluminescence and optical material for sensing radioactive elements. It also discusses synthesis, characterization and properties of optical materials including nanomaterials, luminescent nanomaterials for anti-counterfeiting, carbon materials-based nanoscale optics and plasmonics, optoelectronics applications of two dimensional materials and applications of lanthanide ion-doped phosphors. This book is of immense value to those in academia and industry working in the areas of material science, especially optical materials.

This book discusses the various modes and methods of nano-based drug delivery in different types of cancers such as colon, breast, cervical, ovarian, and lung cancer. It reviews the significance of nano drug delivery in cancer therapy, the application of nanoparticles in overcoming drug resistance, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The book also covers topics related to the synthesis of different types, shapes, and sizes of nanocarriers using synthetic and biological approaches. Further, a chapter explores the synthesis of nanocarriers loaded with anti-cancer drugs by using functionalization or conjugations and encapsulation methods. The book also examines the nanocarriers as delivery vehicles for chemotherapeutic agents against cancers using in vitro and animal models of cancers, preclinical trials for efficacy, and safety profiling of nanocarriers. Finally, future trends and innovation in nano drug delivery for cancer therapy, application of siRNA (nanoparticle-based RNA)therapy, ultrasound-linked nano-cancer therapeutics, and application of exosome-based cancer therapy topics are discussed. Towards the end, the book examines the limitations of nanocarriers, including the cell and tissue toxicity, genotoxicity, and scale-up of nanomaterials, health and environmental hazards associated with nanoformulation synthesis, respiratory diseases, government regulations, and ethical issues.

This book focuses on current advancements in the field of block copolymers and covers design, concept, and various therapeutic applications in the drug delivery. It also reviews the use of block copolymers in drug delivery applications from the development of sustained release products to smart polymeric delivery systems such as stimuli-responsive polymeric systems, for example, thermosensitive, redox-sensitive, photo-sensitive, and enzyme-sensitive. The book further discusses the nano assemblies from amphiphilic block copolymers as nanomedicine platforms for diagnosis and therapy due to their relatively small size, high drug loading capacity, controlled drug release, in vivo stability, and prolonged blood circulation. The chapters also review the various patents and ongoing clinical trials on the applications, covering several important new concepts and findings in the field of block copolymers. The book is aimed at researchers, academicians, and industrial scientists involved in the development of drug-delivery systems based on polymers.

Quantum dots (QDs) are important in the research and industrial fields due to their diverse properties and technological importance. Recently, QDs have been found to be suitable for biological, biomedical, agricultural, and food science applications. Many research articles, review papers, and internet sources have published on the use of QDs to improve plant growth and yield, but a comprehensive overview in book form has not been available to date. This book provides detailed information on synthesis, functionalization, and the use of various types of quantum dots for plant systems. It also addresses the current state of knowledge on sensing mechanisms of QD-based biosensors used for microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and plant virus detection. This book also offers in-depth knowledge related to QDs used for plant growth, nutrients, and plant protection from micro-organisms. This volume is beneficial as one comprehensive resource for students, researchers, scientists, technicians, academicians, and industrialists.

This book focuses on the fundamentals and applications of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics and discusses the strengths and key challenges of this emerging class of drugs. In the past 30 years, extensive research and technological development in many areas have contributed to the emergence of in vitro transcribed mRNA as a therapeutic that has now reached clinical testing. Formulations that protect the mRNA from nucleases and accelerate its cellular uptake, combined with improvements to the mRNA molecules themselves, have been critical advancements for mRNAs to become viable therapeutics. Though once regarded as a serious impediment, the transient nature of mRNA technology is now considered a major advantage in making mRNA therapies safe and, ultimately, a potential game changer in the field of medicine. This new book in the RNA Technologies series provides a state-of-the-art overview on the emerging field of mRNA therapeutics covering essential strategies for formulation, delivery, and application. It also reviews the promising role in cancer immunotherapy, respiratory diseases, and chronic HBV infection and discusses RNA vaccines in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic. mRNA-based approaches have great potential to revolutionize molecular biology, cell biology, biomedical research, and medicine. Thus, this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in academia and industry contributing to the development of this new area of therapeutics.

This Ph.D. book develops nanowire-assisted electroporation disinfection technology based on the flow-through porous electrode. The author presents pioneering results on theoretical modeling, experimental realization, and selected applications, showing the novel disinfection mechanism of electroporation guarantees an exceedingly low level of energy consumption. In this regard, three classes of novel dynamic behavior are investigated: (i) The developed nanowire-assisted flow-through electroporation disinfection technology enables great microbial disinfection performance with extremely low voltage (1V), which significantly reduce the formation potential of harmful disinfection by-products during the treatment process. (ii) The nanowire-assisted flow-through electroporation disinfection technology ensures no reactivation/regrowth of inactivated bacteria and meanwhile promotes the gradual death of damaged bacteria during the storage process. (iii) The application of high-frequency AC power supply (106 Hz) ensures the high microbial disinfection efficiency while suppressing the occurrence of electrochemical reactions and extending the electrode lifetime effectively.

This interdisciplinary book covers the fundamentals of optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities, light¿matter interaction, and biomolecular structure with a focus on applications in biosensing. Novel biosensors based on the hybridization of WGM microcavities and localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in metal nanoparticles have emerged as the most sensitive microsystem biodetection technology that boasts single molecule detection capability without the need for amplification and labeling of the analyte. The book provides an ample survey of the physical mechanisms of WGMs and LSPRs for detecting affinity, concentration, size, shape and orientation of biomarkers, while informing the reader about different classes of biomolecules, their optical properties and their importance in label-free clinical diagnostics.This expanded and updated second edition features a new chapter that introduces the reader to advanced in vivo biosensing techniques using WGM microcavities, looking at photothermal sensing, methods for trapping neutral atoms around WGM microcavities, and practical aspects of optoplasmonic sensing. The second Edition now provides a comprehensive introduction to the use of WGM microcavities in physical sensing which includes measurements with frequency combs, macro and micro (one atom) lasers, gyroscopes, optomechanical and parity-time-symmetric sensor devices.Chapter-end problems round out this comprehensive and fundamental textbook, inspiring a host of up-and-coming physicists, bioengineers, and medical professionals to make their own breakthroughs in this blossoming new field. This textbook can be used for both introductory and advanced courses about the modern optics of optical microcavities.

This book provides cutting-edge, up-to-date research findings on the use of bionanocomposites in biodegradable and environmental applications, while also detailing how to achieve bionanocomposites preparation, characteristics, and significant enhancements in physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal properties and applications. This book on biodegradable and environmental properties of bionanocomposites provides a comprehensive and updated review of major innovations in the field of polymer-based bionanocomposites for biodegradable and environmental applications. It covers properties and applications, including the synthesis of polymer-based bionanocomposites from different sources biomaterials-based composites and tactics on the efficacy and major challenges associated with successful scale-up fabrication on bionanocomposites.It is an essential reference for future research in bionanocomposites as topics such as sustainable, biodegradable, and environmental methods for highly innovative and applied materials are current topics of importance. The book covers a wide range of research on bionanocomposite and their biodegradable and environmental applications. Updates on the most relevant polymer-based bionanocomposite and their prodigious potential in the fields of biodegradable and the environment are presented. Leading researchers from industry, academy, government, and private research institutions across the globe contribute to this book. Scientists, engineers, and students with interest in the most important advancements in the field of bionanocomposites involving high-performance bionanocomposites will benefit from this book which is highly application-oriented.   

This book discusses recent work on the use of nanoparticles in energy and environment-related work. This book presents experimental, numerical, analytical, and theoretical work on the use of nanomaterials in energy and environment. This book helps to highlight cutting-edge research and is a ready reference for the researchers working in this arena of academia and industries. This book provides insights related to various forms of nanotechnological applications in green buildings, environmental and electrochemical, solar distillation systems, green energy, storage tank of the SWH system, solar concentrator system's receiver, and CFD simulations of various aspects of nanofluids/hybrid nanofluids, which are particularly useful, valuable for the betterment of society.

This book highlights the state-of-the-art research and discovery in the use of chitosan-based nanocomposites in biomedical applications, including the scope to which these novel materials have been incorporated by the community. It provides an exceptional insight into the strategies for the synthesis and chemical modifications of chitosan, characterization techniques, their use as anticancer agents, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal agents, their role in the biomedical field, and applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, dentistry, orthopedics, etc. This book will also emphasize the challenges with previous signs of progress and way for further research, details relating to the current pioneering technology, and future perspectives with a multidisciplinary approach. Furthermore, it presents up-to-date information on the economics, toxicity, and regulations related to these novel materials.

The book is a collection of best selected research papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Inventive Material Science Applications (ICIMA 2022) organized by PPG Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India, during May 6-7, 2022. The book includes original research by material science researchers toward developing a compact and efficient functional elements and structures for micro-, nano-, and optoelectronic applications. The book covers important topics like nanomaterials and devices, optoelectronics, sustainable electronic materials, nanocomposites and nanostructures, hybrid electronic materials, medical electronics, computational material science, wearable electronic devices and models, and optical/nanosensors.

This book illustrates various applications of quantum dots (QDs) in the biomedical field and future perspectives. It first introduces the synthesis procedures and fundamental properties of QDs. In addition, the optical detection techniques and toxicologic reviews of QDs are presented. A focus of the book is also on the applications of QDs in cancer therapy, drug delivery, bio-sensing, and targeted molecular therapy. This book is exciting and valuable to a wide variety of readership communities (students, early-stage researchers, and scientists) in the various fields of biology and medicine.

Although several books on nanoscience and nanotechnology are available in the market, most of them deal with the research-level areas, whereas a few of them deal with the fundamentals of the subject. However, every effort is made by the authors of this book to cover all the topics needed for a beginner. Some of the important topics covered in this book are preparation, properties along with the applications of the materials. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary subject representing the convergence of various subjects. Therefore, explaining the subject is a big task and needs a proper approach so that the students may not be distracted. The book also provides a strong conceptual foundation of fundamentals of nanoscience and Nanotechnology upon which the engineering and technological applications are built.

This book presents innovative laser desorption ionization (LDI)-active nanophotonic structures for addressing the challenges that matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is currently facing and for enhancing LDI efficiency. It presents a variety of cutting-edge nanophotonic structures to satisfy the mass-analytical needs of sensitivity, reproducibility, and quantification. As opposed to the commercialized, conventional organic matrix used in MALDI-MS, these nanostructures are validated to be highly effective in detecting small metabolites and drugs, highlighting their considerable potential in the mass spectrometry field. It also systematically elucidates fundamental LDI processes in terms of the photo-thermal, electronic, and structural characteristics of nanophotonic structures, offering mechanistic knowledge of LDI-MS. Even though LDI-MS performance is heavily influenced by a number of nanostructure parameters, relatively little is known about the LDI processes associated with those characteristics. An in-depth understanding of nanostructure characteristics and LDI mechanisms thus paves the way for more effective, rational design and development of nanostructures with improved LDI capabilities. Further, with a focus on multiple cascades in nanostructure functions in response to laser pulse stimuli, this book provides detailed, step-by-step procedures to design and construct a nanophotonic, LDI-active platform, which may serve as a roadmap for graduate students in the field of mass spectrometry. Readers, including graduate students, researchers, and experts working in the related areas of mass spectrometry, nanophotonics, and material science and material engineering, will find a wealth of useful information in this book.

The book presents the select proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Advanced Functional Materials and Devices (AFMD-2023). It covers the latest research in the area of functional materials. Various topics covered in this book include 2D materials, biomaterials, materials for environmental studies, DFT and solar simulation of materials, perovskite and double perovskite materials, luminescent materials, smart materials, materials for energy conversion and storage, smart materials, advanced functional materials, polymeric materials, composites, liquid crystals, materials for sustainable development, nanomaterials and thin films, smart devices and quantum dots synthesis technique, and characterization tools with application in smart devices. This book is for researchers and professionals working on various functional materials for device applications.

This book highlights recent advances focusing on the synthesis methods of engineered biomaterials and their applications. The book discusses recent applications of various approaches and technology in improving the functional properties and biological activities of biopolymers. It includes two major sections: the first section introduces a range of methods which lead to materials with enhanced properties for a range of practical applications, along with the positives and limitations of the techniques. The second section covers recent trends and advances in application of engineered biomaterials that assist materials scientists and researchers in mapping out the future of these new improved materials through value addition in order to enhance their use. Contributions in the book are done by prominent researchers from industry, academia, and government/private research laboratories across the globe. The book summarizes in a fairly comprehensive manner many of the recent technical advancements in the area of biopolymers. The book is intended to serve as a reference resource in the area of polymers science.

This book elaborates on the fabrication of organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, their advantages, self-assembly and their applications in diverse fields of energy, biotechnology, biomedical and environment. The contents provide insight into tools, tricks and challenges associated with techniques of fabrication and future challenges and risks. This book also discusses the properties of modern hybrid nanomaterials and their performance, durability, reproducibility and sensitivity. It will be useful for students and researchers in the area of nanotechnology, science, engineering and environmental chemistry. This volume will also be useful for researchers and professionals working on nanohybrid materials.