Nanoteknologi

This book provides information on thermal energy storage systems incorporating phase change materials (PCMs) which are widely preferred owing to their immense energy storage capacity. The thermal energy storage (TES) potential of PCMs has been deeply explored for a wide range of applications, including solar/electrothermal energy storage, waste heat storage, and utilization, building energy-saving, and thermal regulations. The inherent shortcomings like leakage during phase transition and poor thermal conductivity hamper their extensive usage. Nevertheless, it has been addressed by their shape stabilization with porous materials and dispersing highly conductive nanoparticles. Nanoparticles suspended in traditional phase change materials enhance the thermal conductivity. The addition of these nanoparticles to the conventional PCM enhances the storage. In this book, the history of Nano Enhanced Phase Change Materials (NEPCM), preparation techniques, properties, theoretical modeling and correlations, and the effect of all these factors on the potential applications such as: solar energy, electronics cooling, heat exchangers, building, battery thermal management, thermal energy storage are discussed in detail. Future challenges and future work scope have been included. The information from this book can enable the readers to come up with novel techniques, resolve existing research limitations, and come up with novel NEPCM, that can be implemented for various applications.

This book discusses prospective alternative approaches to fight bacterial infections to minimize the indiscriminate use of conventional antibiotics. It offers the current knowledge on research and development of alternative antibacterial agents such as probiotics, nanobiotics etc. while it also discusses newly emerging trends such as phage therapy, antibody therapy etc. The book highlights on the phytochemicals with potent antibacterial activities as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Chemical modification to develop next generation antibiotics with enhanced efficacy has also been included. Such modifications are reported to overcome the inherent resistance of the parent antibiotics. Phage therapy and targeted antibodies are considered as potential alternative approaches to treat bacterial ailments and represent areas of cutting-edge research and have therefore been discussed with sufficient care. Mainly, the book highlights various approaches other than conventional antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. The scientific advancements in these areas will strengthen the 'One Health' approach benefiting human beings, animals and environment as well. This book is a comprehensive resource to cater researchers, biological scientists, herbalists and clinical practitioners with up-to-date information on antibacterials other than antibiotics.

This book highlights contemporary state of research in multidisciplinary areas in computer science, computer engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, physics, biomedical sciences, life sciences, medicine, and health care. The accepted submissions to the 7th IRC Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology (IRC-SET 2021) that were presented on August 7, 2021, are published in this conference proceedings. The papers presented here were shortlisted after extensive rounds of rigorous reviews by a panel of esteemed individuals who are pioneers and experts in their respective domains.

This book is an introductory text for graduate students, researchers in industries, and those who are just beginning to work on organic electronics materials, devices and their applications. The book includes mainly fundamental principles and theories for understanding organic electronics materials and devices, but also provides information about state-of-the-art technologies, applications and future prospects. These topics encompass physics for organic transistors, structure control technologies of polymer semiconductors, nanomaterials electronics, organic solar cells, organic electroluminescence and dynamics for excitation, among others. In this second edition, the topics that have had particular progress in the field of organic electronics over the past seven years were added. For example, Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) technology for organic LED, the development of perovskite materials, light-emitting materials using nanomaterials and the development of skin sensors and wearable/embedded devices. The recent scientific understanding of organic electronics is also introduced. This book will help readers to be able to contribute to society with the technologies and science of organic electronics materials in the future.

This two-volume set provides a comprehensive overview of modern nanoscience, and encompasses advanced techniques of nanocomposite materials that make their way from the laboratory to the field for the revival of energy and environmental systems in a sustainable manner. It includes the design and the sophisticated fabrication of nanomaterials along with their potential energy and environmental applications, while looking at how nanoscience and nanotechnology can be used to promote environmentally friendly processes and strategies. The books' purpose is to promote eco-friendly methods and techniques by covering many elements of both the synthesis and uses of nanoparticles and nanofluids for energy and environmental engineering. They provide an up-to-date synthesis of nanocomposite materials for modern nanotechnology applications in the fields of environment protection, heterogeneous catalysis, wastewater treatment, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion, and storage applications. The set is designed for environmental scientists, nanotechnologists, chemists, engineers, and individuals seeking current research on nanotechnology and its applications in environmental engineering. Graduate students working in these fields will also find it a valuable resource.Volume 2 focuses on toxicological assessment, negative impacts of nanomaterials, green synthesis, energy conversion, and storage applications.

This two-volume set provides a comprehensive overview of modern nanoscience, and encompasses advanced techniques of nanocomposite materials that make their way from the laboratory to the field for the revival of energy and environmental systems in a sustainable manner. It includes the design and the sophisticated fabrication of nanomaterials along with their potential energy and environmental applications, while looking at how nanoscience and nanotechnology can be used to promote environmentally friendly processes and strategies. The books' purpose is to promote eco-friendly methods and techniques by covering many elements of both the synthesis and uses of nanoparticles and nanofluids for energy and environmental engineering. They provide an up-to-date synthesis of nanocomposite materials for modern nanotechnology applications in the fields of environment protection, heterogeneous catalysis, wastewater treatment, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion, and storage applications. The set is designed for environmental scientists, nanotechnologists, chemists, engineers, and individuals seeking current research on nanotechnology and its applications in environmental engineering. Graduate students working in these fields will also find it a valuable resource.Volume 1 focuses on the fundamentals of nanotechnology, environmental protection, sustainable agriculture, bioremediation, bio-nanocomposites, and wastewater treatment.

This book serves as an introduction to the concepts of medical biotechnology, with great details about fundamentals and early disciplines of study as well as emerging fields and the latest research. The book follows a chronological order from the earliest discoveries and breakthroughs of medical biotechnology to the latest areas of study. The book contains up-to-date citations for each chapter and section, which makes it easy for the reader to understand the concept and also to follow the latest developments in the particular area. It is an ideal book for undergraduate and graduate students who aspire to derive basic knowledge and are also keen on learning about the latest advancements in the field of medical biotechnology. 

This book presents the development of electrospun materials, fundamental principles of electrospinning process, controlling parameters, electrospinning strategies, and electrospun nanofibrous structures with specific properties for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, textile, water treatment, sensor, and energy fields. This book can broadly be divided into three parts: the first comprises basic principles of electrospinning process, general requirements of electrospun materials and advancement in electrospinning technology, the second part describes the applications of electrospun materials in different fields and future prospects, while the third part describes applications that can be used in advanced manufacturing based on conjoining electrospinning and 3D printing. Electrospinning is the most successful process for producing functional nanofibers and nanofibrous membranes with superior chemical and physical properties. The unique properties of electrospun materials including high surface to volume ratio, flexibility, high mechanical strength, high porosity, and adjustable nanofiber and pore size distribution make them potential candidates in a wide range of applications in biomedical and engineering areas. Electrospinning is becoming more efficient and more specialized in order to produce particular fiber types with tunable diameter and morphology, tunable characteristics, having specific patterns and 3D structures.With a strong focus on fundamental materials science and engineering, this book provides systematic and comprehensive coverage of the recent developments and novel perspectives of electrospun materials. This comprehensive book includes chapters that discuss the latest and emerging applications of nanofiber technology in various fields, specifically in areas such as wearable textile, biomedical applications, energy generation and storage, water treatment and environmental remediation, and sensors such as biomarkers in healthcare and biomedical engineering. Despite all these advancements, there are still challenges to be addressed and overcome for nanofiber technology to move towards maturation.

This book details the frontier technologies in the area of bovine reproduction. It describes the importance and significance of different technologies for improving reproduction efficiency in bovines. The book delineates the advancements in the technologies that are currently in use for faster multiplication of elite germ plasm including multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, ovum-pick-up, in vitro fertilization and embryo production, and semen sexing. Other emerging technologies, having potential for improving reproductive efficiency in bovines, including stem cells are also discussed with special reference to spermatogonial stem cells. Simple but effective tools having a great scope for day-to-day application in bovine farms for effective reproductive management like ultrasonography and thermal imaging are also covered in this book. The chapters on sperm transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics provide current developments in these areas and use of integrated approach for identification of fertility biomarkers. The chapters also describe technological advancements for early pregnancy diagnosis and offspring sex pre-selection in bovines. Additionally, this book discusses different sperm selection procedures including application of nanotechnology to obtain superior spermatozoa for assisted reproduction. Futuristic technologies including genomic selection and transgenesis are also discussed in detail. Finally, the book also elucidates a comprehensive description of challenges perceived with bovine reproduction and how effectively these technologies can help in improving fertility in bovines. 

This book reviews applications of nanomaterial and nanodevices in the food industry. It also discusses the advanced bioanalytical techniques, including Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), immunoanalytical techniques, and monoclonal antibody-based immunological techniques for detecting food adulterations and allergens. It comprehensively covers electrode modification and nano-engineered fabrication of biosensors to enhance their functionalities for utilization in food industries. The book highlights the utilization of nanobiosensors for food safety and quality analysis, such as detection of toxin, food-borne pathogen, allergen, evaluation of toxicity etc. Further, it also summarizes the recent advances in nanodevices such as nano-systems, nano-emulsions, nanopesticides, and nanocapsules and their applications in the food industry. Lastly, it covers nanomaterial-based sensors for drug analysis in diverse matrices. It serves as an invaluable source of information for professionals, researchers, academicians, and students related to food science and technology.

The book covers a range of topics dealing with emerging computing technologies which are being developed in response to challenges faced due to scaling CMOS technologies. It provides a sneak peek into the capabilities unleashed by these technologies across the complete system stack, with contributions by experts discussing device technology, circuit, architecture and design automation flows. Presenting a gradual progression of the individual sub-domains and the open research and adoption challenges, this book will be of interest to industry and academic researchers, technocrats and policymakers.Chapters "e;Innovative Memory Architectures Using Functionality Enhanced Devices"e; and "e;Intelligent Edge Biomedical Sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT) Era"e; are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book presents novel techniques, current trends, and cutting-edge technologies in energy and biochemical processes. The authors explore recent advances that solve challenges related to the implications and commercialization of these processes by introducing new techniques or modifying existing technologies to meet future demands for food materials, bioproducts, fossil fuels, biofuels, and bioenergy. Divided into three parts, the first section of the book addresses issues related to the utilization and management of energy towards the efficient characterization and conversion of wastes or raw-/bio- materials to useful products. The second section focuses largely on studies on molecular detection of analytes, purification, and characterization of products recovered from biochemical, enzymatic, food, and phytochemicals, as well as biostimulation and bioaugmentation processes. The final section discusses areas related to heat and mass transfer, fuel processing technologies, nanofluids, and their applications. 

This volume provides the latest developments in the field of surface science and technology based on diazonium coupling agents as well as their precursors (e.g. aromatic amines). It presents new concepts of surface chemistry of diazonium salts and discusses their novel and challenging applications. The latest advances on surface modification with diazonium salts are discussed and various promising alternative surface modifiers such as iodonium salts are examined. This book demonstrates the universality of diazonium salts in the surface treatment of classical and emergent materials and it will be a great tool for researcher and graduates working in this field.

This book covers fundamental microscopic techniques for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and other microscopic tools.  It provides step-by-step instructions and explanations of the basic fundamental concepts and mechanisms and guides the reader on resolving queries related to taking and analyzing microscopy images. The latest advancements and developments in microscopic equipment are described. Theoretical background on microscopy is also provided to enhance the reader's understanding of microscopy techniques and tools. Microscopic Techniques for the Non-Expert is an ideal book for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as researchers with a background in environmental science, materials science, biomedicine, engineering, or bio-nanotechnology.

This book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 3rd RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication (Digital Concrete), held in Loughborough, UK, on June 27-29, 2022. Focusing on additive and automated manufacturing technologies for the fabrication of cementitious construction materials, such as 3D concrete printing, powder bed printing, and shotcrete 3D printing, the papers highlight the latest findings in this fast-growing field, addressing topics like mixture design, admixtures, rheology and fresh-state behavior, alternative materials, microstructure, cold joints & interfaces, mechanical performance, reinforcement, structural engineering, durability and sustainability, automation and industrialization.

Effective drug delivery systems are essential in maximizing the therapeutic effects of the drugs in question. This book thoroughly analyses recent technological advances in new, nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. These systems also have diverse applications in pharmaceutical, biomedical, biomaterial, and biotechnological fields. This book explains the different types of nanocarriers currently in development and covers both therapeutic and theranostic applications of drug-loaded nanocarriers and nanomedicine.Clinical research professionals, industrial pharmaceutical scientists, and veteran drug delivery developers benefit from the unique structure of this book, making it essential for the drug delivery researcher. Students, research scholars, and industrial professionals alike benefit from the current technological advancements, regulatory aspects, and the history of discovery and development in the field of nanomedicine presented in this book.

Literature is to describe the waves of our thoughts and feelings with the help of words and sentences and create the same waves in others. This definition is the correct definition of literature. The works written in this way are called literary works. In order to properly understand the word literature, it is necessary to define the word art as well as fine arts...If the commodity (material) in fine arts is sound, then fine art is musical; if there are colors and lines, then there will be a picture; stone or other different materials will be sculptures; if there is stone, wood, brick, and other materials (soil, clay), it is architecture; body, muga (hands, eyebrows, eyes) movements are games (tans); speech, and words become literature...These six types of beautiful watches are divided into two groups with the attention of getting closer to each other. Literature, music, game (dance) - one category; painting, sculpture, architecture are one category.

Focusing on green pathways this book covers the synthesis of carbon dots and their applications in the fields of bioanalytical, catalytic, biomedical, and environmental sciences.

This book compiles the best selected research papers presented during the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing Techniques for Smart Energy Systems (ICTSES 2021), held at Manipal University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. It presents the diligent work of the research community where intelligent computing techniques are applied in allied fields of engineering ranging from engineering materials to electrical engineering to electronics and communication engineering- to computer-related fields. The theoretical research concepts are supported with extensive reviews highlighting the trends in the possible and real-life applications of computational intelligence. The high-quality content with broad range of the topics is thoroughly peer-reviewed and published on suitable recommendations.

This volume details protocols for computer-assisted design and experimental characterization of RNA nanostructures. Chapters guide readers through RNA nanotechnology, design and characterization of RNA nanostructures, assessment of immunology of nanomaterials, biosensing and drug delivery, various biomedical applications, and delivery approaches for therapeutic RNA nanoparticles.¿Written in the format of the highly successful¿Methods in Molecular Biology¿series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. ¿ Authoritative and cutting-edge,¿RNA Nanostructures: Design, Characterization, and Applications¿aims¿to address essential topics and concerns in the growing field of RNA nanotechnology.

The ever-increasing population and the associated anthropogenic activities have imparted an adverse impact on the environment, resulting in an escalating pollution crisis and forcing the advancement of sustainable, green, and eco-friendly technologies. There is an expanding and flourishing activity in environmental research, specifically focusing on environmentally responsive approaches to combat xenobiotics, pollutants, and emerging contaminants discharged into the environment due to various anthropogenic activities. Bioremediation is an approach that can facilitate sustainable practices to mitigate various environmental pollutants. Alternative eco-friendly technologies involving the utilization of various industrial and agricultural residues could be sourced as economically viable sources for harnessing various tools and value-added products during their appliances in environmental remediation. This book focuses on the perception of the existing trends and recent developmentsin bioremediation and green technology usage in waste minimization, and pollution mitigation has been focused through research and review-type chapters. The encouraging conclusions of these research contributions could be incorporated for commercial-scale appliances on sustainable environmental solutions. This book appeals to scientists, academicians, and research scholars to gain inspiration and guidance for pursuing research on sustainable environmental applications.

This book presents the structure formation and dynamics of animate and inanimate matter on the nanometre scale. This is a new interdisciplinary field known as Meso-Bio-Nano (MBN) science that lies at the intersection of physics, chemistry, biology and material science. Special attention in the book is devoted to investigations of the structure, properties and dynamics of complex MBN systems by means of photonic, electronic, heavy particle and atomic collisions. This includes problems of fusion and fission, fragmentation, surfaces and interfaces, reactivity, nanoscale phase and morphological transitions, irradiation-driven transformations of complex molecular systems, collective electron excitations, radiation damage and biodamage, channeling phenomena and many more. Emphasis in the book is placed on the theoretical and computational physics research advances in these areas and related state-of-the-art experiments. Particular attention in the book is devoted to the utilization of advanced computational techniques and high-performance computing in studies of the dynamics of systems.

This book discusses inorganic/metallic nanopesticides and fertilizers. Rather than providing a general review of the topic, it offers a critical assessment of what has been achieved and highlights future measures to allow agriculture to profit from the properties of inorganic nanoparticles. It covers a variety of topics, including strategies for preparing cost-effective nanoparticles, their chemistry both within and outside the plant, the effects of nanoparticles in the field and whether the current strategies were successful in increasing crop yields. This book will appeal to readers in academia and industry, as well as stakeholders and anyone who has an interest in the applications of inorganic nanopesticides and nanofertilizers as well as the potential use of these technologies in agriculture.

This volume presents recent advances and current knowledge in the field of supramolecular assemblies based on electrostatic interactions. The flexibility and simplicity of constructing assemblies is explained via several examples, illustrations, figures, case studies, and historical perspectives. Moreover, as there is an increasing demand for the use of theoretical and computational models of the interaction strengths for assisting with the experimental studies, one chapter specifically focuses on the "e;modelling'' of supramolecular assemblies. Finally, various aspects of the recent advances of the field as well as potential future opportunities are discussed, with the goal being to stimulate critical discussions among the community and to encourage further discovery. This volume aims to inspire and guide fellow scientists and students working in this field and thus it provides a great tool for all researchers, graduates and professionals specializing on the topic.

This book provides a cross-disciplinary, multi-scale assessment of the development of adsorption-based refrigerants and super-adsorbent-based wastewater purification.  The book covers two major aspects from the 21st century, including the development of an environmentally benign adsorption cooling system and the preparation of a super-adsorbent for water purification.   Although work has been published on these topics, the authors present the latest findings and introduce some new perspectives. The book is written as a reference book with contributions from global field experts and will appeal to water engineers, chemists, environmentalists, physicists, material scientists, nano-technologists, and environmental technologists.

This book comprehensively reviews assorted types of coatings, their applications, and various strategies employed by several scientists and researchers to fabricate them. Exclusively, the recent progress in computational strategies that are helpful to optimize the best suitable coating formulation before one goes for the real-time fabrication has been discussed in detail. And this book is also intended to shed light on the computational modeling techniques that are used in the characterization of various coating materials. It covers mechanisms, salient features, formulations, important aspects, and case studies of coatings utilized for various applications. The latest research in this area as well as possible avenues of future research is also highlighted to encourage the researchers.

This book covers nanostructure materials for application as supercapacitors. It highlights the properties that make them ideal for energy storage applications. It reports approaches on their electronic, electrical, thermal properties to increase their specific surfaces in order to improve their electrical storage capacities. This book consolidates information on synthesis, characterization and application for supercapacitors with detailed characterization, mechanistic approaches and theoretical consideration. The  progress in experimental and theoretical studies on various properties of nanomaterials and its polymer and other composites are described in detail.

There are growing advantages to the use of graphene-based nanophotonics in communication, sensing, security, safety, spectroscopy, manufacturing, biomedicine, agriculture, imaging, and other fields. These advantages, as well as the numerous challenges associated with this technology and proposed solutions to these challenges, are summarized in this book. The key objective of the book is to serve as a single-source reference for the rapidly expanding application aspects of the technology of graphene-based nanophotonics, as well as the number of modules required for their successful implementation. This book seeks to give readers a comprehensive understanding of several elements of graphene-based nanophotonics, such as emerging application areas, the design and modelling of sensors, absorbers, optical fiber, encoders, etc. A complete view of the progress and breakthroughs in novel materials for sensing, detecting and encoding technology is presented. The book also emphasizes theconsequences of THz signals on human health, as well as the environmental components of THz. This book will be of tremendous value for those with an interest in electronic engineering, particularly those keeping an eye on this emerging technology.