Nanoteknologi

This book contains the research report of the DFG Research Unit FOR 1845 (2014-2020) of the Universities of Bremen and Hannover. The thematic focus lies on speeding up ultra-precision machining technology by following a holistic approach to high-performance cutting. This includes ultra-precision milling at high spindle speeds (>10000 rpm), precision tool setting mechanisms for multi-cutting-edge diamond milling tools, magnetic levitation technology for high velocity feed axes, and dedicated control strategies for error identification and compensation at high speeds. Furthermore, automation and measurement aspects of the machine setup process especially for precision balancing of the spindle rotors are presented. Finally, it is demonstrated that how the developed technologies may be integrated into a common machine tool setup.  The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners in production engineering, but the book may also be of interest to graduate students alike.

This book comprises a detailed overview on the role of photocatalysts for environmental remediation, hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction. Effective ways to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the material via doping, hybrid material, laser light and nanocomposites have been discussed in this book. The book also further elaborates the role of metal nanoparticles, rare earth doping, sensitizers, surface oxygen vacancy, interface engineering and band gap engineering for enhancing the photocatalytic activity. An approach to recover the photocatalytic material via immobilization is also presented. This book brings to light much of the recent research in the development of such semiconductor photocatalytic systems. The book will thus be of relevance to researchers in the field of: material science, environmental science & technology, photocatalytic applications, newer methods of energy generation & conversion and industrial applications. 

This book discusses about how the greener synthetic pathways are amenable and productive for the synthesis of novel nanomaterials. It furthers the integration of advances in the green nanoscience and nanotechnology including pathways dedicated to the design, development, and fabrication of range of products and devices.

This book highlights application of nanomaterials for drug delivery, therapy, and engineering. It covers stimuli-sensitive drug delivery systems including an overview of the physical, chemical, biological, and nano systems. It also presents clinical status for different types of nanoplatforms and assesses novel applications of nanomaterials.

This book reviews emerging nanomaterials in catalysis and sensors. The catalysis section covers the role of nano-photocatalysts in organic synthesis and health care application, oxidation and sulphoxidation reactions, liquid phase oxidation, hydrogen evolution and environmental remediation. It highlights the correlation of surface properties and catalytic activity of the mesoporous materials. The sensor section discusses the fabrication and development of various electrochemical, chemical, and biosensors.Features:Combines catalysis and sensor applications of nanomaterials, including detailed synthesis techniques of these materials.Explores methods of designing, engineering, and fabricating nanomaterials.Covers material efficiency, their detection limit for sensing different analytes and other properties of the materials.Discusses sustainability of nano materials in the industrial sector.Includes case studies to address the challenges faced by research and development sectors.This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in Chemical Engineering, Nanochemistry, Water Treatment Engineering and Labs, Industries, Research Labs in Catalysis and Sensors, Environmental Engineering, and Process Engineering.

This book highlights cutting-edge topics in contemporary physics, discussing advances and new thoughts in evolving fields with emphases both on natural phenomena and applications to modern engineering. It provides material for thought and practice in nanophysics, plasma physics, and electrodynamics.

Volume 2 of Advances in Carbon Management Technologies has 21 chapters. It presents the introductory chapter again, for framing the challenges that confront the proposed solutions discussed in this volume. Section 4 presents various ways biomass and biomass wastes can be manipulated to provide a low-carbon footprint of the generation of power, heat and co-products, and of recovery and reuse of biomass wastes for beneficial purposes. Section 5 provides potential carbon management solutions in urban and manufacturing environments. This section also provides state-of the-art of battery technologies for the transportation sector. The chapters in section 6 deals with electricity and the grid, and how decarbonization can be practiced in the electricity sector.The overall topic of advances in carbon management is too broad to be covered in a book of this size. It was not intended to cover every possible aspect that is relevant to the topic. Attempts were made, however, to highlight the most important issues of decarbonization from technological viewpoints. Over the years carbon intensity of products and processes has decreased, but the proportion of energy derived from fossil fuels has been stubornly stuck at about 80%. This has occurred despite very rapid development of renewable fuels, because at the same time the use of fossil fuels has also increased. Thus, the challenges are truly daunting. It is hoped that the technology choices provided here will show the myriad ways that solutions will evolve. While policy decisions are the driving forces for technology development, the book was not designed to cover policy solutions.

This book highlights the role of point-of-care (POC) testing in the effective management of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with an in-depth focus on the recent developments in the field, existing gaps, and future directions. POC tests are of utmost importance as they facilitate rapid and decentralized testing without much instrumentation and technical expertise. The book describes the current status of POC COVID-19 testing in three broad categories: Molecular, antigen, and antibody. The advantages, limitations, and adaption of each of the POC tests are reviewed while highlighting their clinical impact in real-world settings. The role of POC testing for COVID-19 screening, diagnosis, and surveillance has been emphasized. The subtle difference between POC and at-home tests is discussed while elaborating on the necessity for the latter for enhancing clinical impacts. A spotlight on the influence of variants on the performance of POC-COVID-19 tests is provided. The consideration of clinical implications of POC testing in hospitals with regards to improving therapeutic options, patient flow, enhancing the infection control measures, and early recruitment of patients into clinical trials is explained. Finally, the future perspectives that will aid the research community in the development of POC tests for COVID-19 or any infectious disease, in general, are presented. Overall, we believe this book can benefit the research community as it (i) presents a comprehensive understanding of current COVID-19 POC testing methods (ii) highlights features required to transform the current tests developed during the past year as POC diagnostics, and (iii) provides insights to address the unmet challenges in the field. 

This book provides information related to nanofluids, synthesis and preparation, nanoparticle morphology, selection of base fluids, thermophysical properties of nanofluids, and benefits of channels. Advantages of conduits, improvement of heat transfer performances of phase change materials (PCMs) and base PCMs for various applications included.

This new volume presents informative research on the different aspects of employing nanotechnology for environmental pollution decontamination, highlighting the main tools, methods, and approaches for contaminants detection and remediation.The book takes a biotechnological point of view that considers the main environmental pollutants; the safety and economic aspects of nanoremediation, nanosensors and nanobiosensors for the detection of pollutants; and strategies to promote nanoremediation and nanobioremediation. The chapters offer a comprehensive overview of nanotechnologic strategies as essential tools to restore polluted environments and to make more feasible and harmonic the pathway to sustainable development. The volume also discusses the use of sensors to detect pollutants and to monitor the quality of environmental restoration.Topics include nanozymes; organic and inorganic pollutants threatening human health; different types of carbon-based and non-carbon-based nanomaterials in nanosensors and nanobiosensors to detect environmental pollution; nanomaterials that specifically deal with water, soil, or air pollution; and assisted nanoremediation promoted by plants (nanophytoremediation) or microorganisms (for example, mycorrhizal fungus) that promote in situ nano-phyto-mycorrhizo-remediation. Also addressed are aspects related to a macroperspective of nanoremediation that highlight the economic aspects related to nanotechnology, the safety aspects of the use of nanomaterials, and the sustainability aspects related to the use of nanomaterials in strategies of environmental restoration.Nanotechnology for Environmental Pollution Decontamination: Tools, Methods, and Approaches for Detection and Remediation offers extensive and comprehensive knowledge on nanotechnology applied to pollution detection and remediation, assisted or not by biological strategies.

This book provides examples applications of nanotechnology in addressing problems and challenges in agriculture as well as environmental sciences and provides an overview of innovations in nanopesticides, nanofertilizers, bionanosensors and nano-based delivery system for improving different aspects of plant productivity including pre-harvest and post-harvest strategies as well detection of contaminants that could be useful for enhancing soil health. Recycling of agricultural waste to beneficial products using nanotechnologies; bionanosensors; fate of nanomaterials and the ecological consequences of their delivery into the environment; safety and nanotoxicity issues are other topics being dealt with in this book. Chapters have been written by internationally recognized researchers and experts with special reference to the innovations and latest developments in the mentioned areas of nanobiotechnology that have applications and commercial importance, especially for crop fields and post-harvest management.Despite the research and development used to promote the use of nanotechnology in agriculture and the environmental, knowledge gaps and uncertainties about how to fill the gaps are more prevalent than scientific certainties about the public health and environmental effects of nanomaterials. The book thus addresses the issue of toxicity of nanomaterials in agricultural nanotechnology products. The book will be useful for active researchers and scientists in the agricultural sector, academia as well as industry, including nanotechnologists, plant pathologists, agronomists, agrochemists, environmental technologists and all scientists working for sustainability in agriculture. The book will encourage future and active researchers and scientists in the agriculture sector, academia as well as industry.

Low-dimensional magnetic materials find their wide applications in many areas, including spintronics, memory devices, catalysis, biomedical, sensors, electromagnetic shielding, aerospace, and energy. This book provides a comprehensive discussion on magnetic nanomaterials for emerging applications.Fundamentals along with applications of low-dimensional magnetic materials in spintronics, catalysis, memory, biomedicals, toxic waste removal, aerospace, telecommunications, batteries, supercapacitors, flexible electronics, and many more are covered in detail to provide a full spectrum of their advanced applications.This book offers fresh aspects of nanomagnetic materials and innovative directions to scientists, researchers, and students. It will be of particular interest to materials scientists, engineers, physicists, chemists, and researchers in electronic and spintronic industries, and is suitable as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate studies.

This book discusses how nanostructured materials play a key role in helping address environmental challenges. Employing nanostructured materials in catalysis can increase the efficient decomposition of toxic pollutants in air, water, and soil. This multidisciplinary book discusses the most promising nanostructured materials made-up of metals, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, multi-metal oxides, carbon nanostructures, and hybrid materials that can address environmental remediation. It provides a well-referenced introduction to newcomers from allied disciplines and will be valuable to researchers in academia, industry, and government working on solutions to environmental problems.

This book reviews the fundamental and applied issues regarding the synthesis and properties of nanomaterials, together with their use in technological applications covering the generation, storage, and transformation of energy, including sustainability concerns.