Kommunikationsteknik / telekommunikation

This book provides insights on skills required to achieve success in smart cities from a variety of industry and human factors perspectives. It emphasizes the balance between learning skills, technical skills, and domain-specific skills in these industries, with special emphasis given to innovative software development models. The authors note that digital transformation requires complementary measures that are not overtly aimed to support infrastructure investment but are instead directed at promoting entrepreneurship, improving digital skills, engaging citizens, applying new transformation strategies, and developing innovative software. All of the above are considered strategically important, especially for medium-sized cities since that enable them to be more competitive in the global economy.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAV) and their integration of wireless communications and networks, including inherent challenges and open access concerns. The authors present the latest technologies associated with UAV-assisted wireless communications and networks by linking their association with 5G Wireless Networks. The authors include positioning of UAV, coagulation attack of UAV, and the green prospective of UAV communication systems. The book explains how the UAV can be integrated with 5G wireless schemes such as ultra-reliable, low density communications, full duplex, and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for 5G. This book targets graduate students, researchers, and industry personnel.

The book gives a detailed description of optical wireless communication (OWC), including optical laser communication, visible light communication, ultraviolet communication, underwater optical communication and future communication technologies. To achieve an integration between theory and practice, the book avoids tedious mathematical deductions and includes theoretical materials as exercises. Most of the exercises are originated from published journal articles. These exercises will aid the readers in understanding the basic concept and methods and evaluating their knowledge acquisition in the field of OWC. The book is structured into Ten chapters that covers main aspects of OWC:- Optical wireless communication system- Coherent optical communication- Modulation, demodulation, and coding- Atmospheric channel, channel estimation, and channel equalization- White LED communication- Underwater laser communication- Ultraviolet communication- Acquisition, aiming, and tracking technology- Partially coherent optical transmission- Optical communication in the futureThe book is a suitable reference for undergraduate or postgraduate students majored in communication engineering, electronic information engineering or computer science, as well as the engineers and technicians in related fields.

"This is the first book on cryptoeconomics written from an academic perspective, reviewing research challenges and existing literature. It illustrates how game theory and algorithmic mechanism design applies to the analysis and design of blockchain network protocols, providing a vital resource for students and scholars of this budding field"--

This book provides information on advanced communication technology used in Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The book covers a variety of technologies such as signal processing, system designing, computer vision, and artificial intelligence and explains their benefits, usage, and market values in Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The authors present technological tools for industrial applications and give examples of their usage of system design, modeling, artificial intelligence, internet of things and robotics. This book covers the impact of these technologies in various industrial applications and provides future technological tools that will be helpful in future planning and development. The book is pertinent to researchers, academics, professionals, planners, and student¿s interest in Industry 5.0.

This book presents applicable guidance into sensor system hardware and software design, extensions, and integration aimed at utilization of 1-wire networks. The content is structured from the design of the sensor system architecture¿hardware and software¿through the implementation and optimization of the solution to the practical verification. The hardware part consists of the design of specific solutions for sensor data collection and the design and integration of standard and special sensors into these solutions. The development of the hardware solutions is focused on integration with 32-bit microcontrollers with ARM Cortex M0 to Cortex M4 cores. For the sensor solutions, the focus is on design versatility and miniaturization of dimensions with respect to the availability of the technology in the physical design. The focus is on minimizing power consumption to the design of power independent modules. The presented solution includes the design and implementation of the software layer,which includes control software for direct communication with the sensor modules as well as an information system for continuous data storage and remote access. The book presents an extensive case study that describes the design and development of a 1-wire bus controller hardware module solution with proprietary modifications that achieve improvements to the maximum 1-wire bus length. The study also includes the design and implementation of a universal and power independent 1-wire bus device. Using this module, almost any sensor can be connected to the 1-wire bus.

This book presents research on how interpretable cognitive IoT can work to help with the massive amount of data in the healthcare industry. The authors give importance to IoT systems with intense machine learning features; this ensures the scope corresponds to use of cognitive IoT for understanding, reasoning, and learning from medical data. The authors discuss the interpretability of an intelligent system and its trustworthiness as a smart tool in the context of massive healthcare applications. As a whole, book combines three important topics: massive data, cognitive IoT, and interpretability. Topics include health data analytics for cognitive IoT, usability evaluation of cognitive IoT for healthcare, interpretable cognitive IoT for health robotics, and wearables in the context of IoT for healthcare. The book acts as a useful reference work for a wide audience including academicians, scientists, students, and professionals.

An objective, dynamic and physically justified concept of information is elaborated starting from Shannon's concept of entropy and applied to information technology, artificial intelligence (consciousness) and thermodynamics. The justification of an information conservation theorem acquires practical significance in information technology, especially as it moves into the quantum realm (photonics/quantum computing). The unconditional dynamics of information and its objectivity are critically examined and are the foundations of the considerations.We live in the information age, but the concept of information is still not defined objectively and physically. This book defines a dynamic concept of information that results in a conservation of information principle. Just as the principle of conservation of energy is essential to understanding energy, the principle of conservation of information leads to a deeper understanding of information.Information is strongly related to entropy, always in motion, cannot disappear, and is independent of subjects.

This book provides latest research findings, methods and development techniques, challenges and solutions from both theoretical and practical perspectives related to Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing (UPC) with an emphasis on innovative, mobile and internet services. With the proliferation of wireless technologies and electronic devices, there is a fast-growing interest in UPC, which enables to create a human-oriented computing environment where computer chips are embedded in everyday objects and interact with the physical world. Through UPC, people can be online even while moving around, thus having almost permanent access to their preferred services. With a great potential to revolutionize our lives, UPC also poses new research challenges.

This book covers cutting edge advancements on self-powered Internet of Things, where sensing devices can be energy-positive while capturing context from the physical world. It provides new mechanisms for activity recognition without the need of conventional inertial sensors, which demand significant energy during their operation and thus quickly deplete the batteries of internet-of-things (IoT) devices. The book offers new solutions by employing energy harvesters as activity sensors as well as power sources to enable the autonomous and self-powered operation of IoT devices without the need of human intervention. It provides useful content for graduate students as well as researchers to understand the nascent technologies of human activity, fitness and health monitoring using autonomous sensors. In particular, this book is very useful for people working on pervasive computing, activity recognition, wearable IoT, fitness/healthcare and autonomous systems.This book covers a broad range of topics related to self-powered activity recognition. The main topics of this book include wearables, IoT, energy harvesting, energy harvesters as sensors, activity recognition and self-powered operation of IoT devices. This book starts with the introduction of wearable IoT devices and activity recognition and then highlights the conventional activity recognition mechanisms. After that, it describes the use of energy harvesters to power the IoT devices. Later, it explores the use of various energy harvesters as activity sensors. It also proposes the use of energy harvesters as simultaneous source of energy and context information and defines the emerging concept of energy-positive sensing compared to conventional energy-negative sensing. Finally, it explores sensor/signal fusion to enhance the performance using multiple energy harvesters and charts a way forward for future research in this area. This book covers all important and emerging topics that have significance in the design and implementation of autonomous wearable IoT devices. We believe that this book will lay the foundation for designing self-powered IoT devices which can ultimately replace the conventional wearable IoT devices which need regular recharging and replacement.

While the 5th Generation (5G) system is being widely deployed across the globe, the information and communication technology (ICT) industry, research, standardization and consensus building for the 6th generation (6G) are already well underway with high expectations towards the merger of digital, physical, and human worlds. The main goal of this book is to introduce the upcoming 6G technologies and outline the foreseen challenges, enablers, and architectural design trends that will be instrumental in realizing a Sustainable and Trustworthy 6G system in the coming years.The envisioned 6G system promises to offer a more advanced and comprehensive user experience not only by achieving higher speeds, larger capacity, and lower latency, but also much more improved reliability, greater energy efficiency, and an enhanced security and privacy-preserving framework while natively integrating intelligence end-to-end (E2E). Achieving these goals will require innovative technological solutions and a holistic system design that considers the needs of various stakeholders and future 6G use cases.Capitalizing on the European 5G Public-Private-Partnership (5G PPP) Phase 3 projects working on 5G & Beyond and 6G research in recent years, and the join efforts between the Architecture Working Group (WG) and the 6G flagship Hexa-X project, this book delves into the critical challenges and enablers of the 6G system, including new network architectures and novel enhancements as well as the role of regulators, network operators, industry players, application developers, and end-users. Accordingly, this book provides a comprehensive landscape of the current research activities on 6G in Europe and sets a solid cornerstone on the 6G development towards a more connected, intelligent, and sustainable world.Furthermore, as 5G PPP Phase 3 consists of the last calls of the Horizon 2020 program, this book is aimed to lay the architectural foundation for the next European program towards 6G, i.e., Smart Networks & Services (SNS) Joint Undertaking (JU).

This book provides an overview of the Internet of Things Network and Machine Learning and introduces Internet of Things architecture. It designs a new intelligent IoT network architecture and introduces different machine learning approaches to investigate solutions. It discusses how machine learning can help network awareness and achieve network intelligent control. It also dicusses the emerging network techniques that can enable the development of intelligent IoT networks. This book applies several intelligent approaches for efficient resource scheduling in networks. It discusses Mobile Edge Computing aided intelligent IoT and focuses mainly on the resource sharing and edge computation offloading problems in mobile edge networks. The blockchain-based IoT (which allows fairly and securely renting resources and establishing contracts) is discussed as well.The Internet of Things refers to the billions of physical devices thatare now connected to and transfer data through the Internet without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. According to Gartner's prediction, there will be more than 37 billion IoT connections in the future year of 2025. However, with large-scale IoT deployments, IoT networks are facing challenges in the aspects of scalability, privacy, and security. The ever-increasing complexity of the IoT makes effective monitoring, overall control, optimization, and auditing of the network difficult. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches have emerged as a viable solution to address this challenge. Machine learning can automatically learn and optimize strategy directly from experience without following pre-defined rules. Therefore, it is promising to apply machine learning in IoT network control and management to leverage powerful machine learning adaptive abilities for higher network performance. This book targets researchers working in the Internet of Things networks as well as graduate students and undergraduate students focused on this field. Industry managers, and government research agencies in the fields of the IoT networks will also want to purchase this book.

This book combines two main topics applied to cities and societies: innovation and sustainability. The book begins by showing a brief overview of the book's main topics; then, the book addresses four main areas which allow our communities to be more attractive, engaging and fun; analytical, descriptive and predictive; healthy, secure and sustainable; and innovative, connected and monitored. This book represents a union of inputs from researchers and practitioners where each chapter has distinct, valuable and practical contributions that turn it unique. The content ranges from theoretical, like studies or analyses to practical, like industrial solutions or engaging systems. Both branches focus on turning our society more attractive, intelligent, inclusive, sustainable, and ready for the future.

This book discusses Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and their ability to predict outcomes using deep and shallow learning principles. The author first describes ANN implementation, consisting of at least three layers that must be established together with cells, one of which is input, the other is output, and the third is a hidden (intermediate) layer. For this, the author states, it is necessary to develop an architecture that will not model mathematical rules but only the action and response variables that control the event and the reactions that may occur within it. The book explains the reasons and necessity of each ANN model, considering the similarity to the previous methods and the philosophical - logical rules.

This book shall help shortwave listener to identify stations on shortwave. It contains more than 18000 frequencies from 82 Hz to 30000 kHz.

Optical Communications from a Fourier Perspective: Fourier Theory and Optical Fiber Devices and Systems covers Fourier theory and signal analysis over photonic components, including time lenses in optical communication. Sections cover wave propagation in optical waveguides based on Maxwell equations and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Optical Fourier transform in the form of time lens is covered, for example in modulation format conversion and spectrum magnification, and couplers and their use for optical discrete Fourier transformation are also discussed. Other important subjects are discussed such as shot noise, thermal noise and also the basics of four wave mixing in relation to time lenses. Detailed derivations and a deeper background for the chapters are provided in appendices where appropriate. Some of the theory is more generally applicable beyond optical communication and is of relevance also for communications engineering. The Fourier theory dimension of the book presents the relationship between Fourier series and Fourier integrals and also the related Laplace transform.

This book provides an investigative approach to how machine learning is helping to maintain and secure smart cities, including principal uses such as smart monitoring, privacy, reliability, and public protection. The authors cover important areas and issues around implementation roadblocks, ideas, and opportunities in smart city development. The authors also include new algorithms, architectures and platforms that can accelerate the growth of smart city concepts and applications. Moreover, this book provides details on specific applications and case studies related to smart city infrastructures, big data management, and prediction techniques using machine learning.

"Social Impact of Mobile Phones in the Digital Age" is a thought-provoking exploration of the profound influence that mobile phones have had on our society. This book delves into the various aspects of the social consequences brought about by the mobile revolution. From the transformation of communication methods to the redefinition of relationships in the digital era, each chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of mobile phones on different facets of our lives. It examines the breaking of geographical barriers, the rise of social media, the shaping of identity, the power of online platforms for community building, the dynamics of family bonds, the complexities of love and romance in the digital era, the dark side of connectivity including cyberbullying and online harassment, the delicate balance between privacy and surveillance, the implications for mental health, the role of mobile phones in education and learning, the challenges of work-life balance, the potential for civic engagement and activism, the intergenerational relationships shaped by mobile technology, and offers a glimpse into the future of mobile technology and its anticipated social shifts in an increasingly connected world. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the complex interplay between mobile phones and society in the digital age.

This book explains the evolution of techniques and strategies in quantum computing, discussing the digital transition towards the quantum computing application in various sectors. The book provides a comprehensive insight into the quantum mechanics and quantum computing techniques and tools and how they have evolved and the impacted in supporting and flourishing business during the quantum computing era. This book includes chapters that discuss the most primitive quantum schemes to the most recent use of Internet, finance and radar technology, thus leveraging greater use of new technologies like security and Internet and others. The content is relevant for an audience that is involved in the research and development of advanced quantum systems. It gives the industry, researchers, and students interested in learning the various quantum computing sectors with the necessary information and tools that can be used to research, design and develop advanced quantum computing systems and techniques.

5G-Netze werden weltweit auf- und ausgebaut. Im Vergleich zu 4G bieten sie nicht nur offensichtliche Vorteile wie höhere Bitraten, sondern hohe Zuverlässigkeit und geringe Latenz, z.B. für Car-to-X-Anwendungen, oder die Einbindung einer sehr hohen Anzahl von Endgeräten, z.B. von Sensoren in einer Smart City. Dieses einzige deutschsprachige Buch zur 5G-Technik beginnt mit der Evolution bei den Mobilfunknetzen hin zu 5G und geht in der Folge auf die Basiskonzepte und -technologien wie NGN, IMS, die Virtualisierung mit NFV und MEC sowie SDN ein. Die besondere Herangehensweise an 5G über Anwendungsfälle und Einsatzszenarien hin zu konkreten Anforderungen sowie die Standardisierung bei ITU und vor allem 3GPP sowie die internationale Regulierung werden aufgezeigt. Breiten Raum nehmen das Design von 5G-Systemen, die 5G-Zugangsnetze inkl. Open-RAN mit ihrer leistungsstarken Übertragungstechnik sowie das Kernnetz mit den innovativen Konzepten der Service Based Architecture und des Network Slicing inkl. Beispielen aus der Netzwerkpraxis ein. Ein 5G-System wird in der Gesamtsicht dargestellt, ergänzt durch einen Blick auf Campusnetze und abgerundet durch einen Überblick über alle relevanten IT Security-Aspekte. Abgeschlossen wird die Gesamtbetrachtung durch einen Blick auf die Umwelteinflüsse durch die elektromagnetische Strahlung, die Energie- und Rohstoffbedarfe sowie das Thema Nachhaltigkeit. Zudem wird die Weiterentwicklung bei 5G beschrieben inkl. eines optimal aufbereiteten Einstiegs in 6G. Hauptziel des Buches ist es, an 5G-Technik und -Anwendungsszenarien interessierten Personen fundiertes 5G-Wissen zu vermitteln und zur weiteren Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Themengebiet anzuregen. Angesprochen sind allgemein technisch Interessierte, speziell Mitarbeitende von öffentlichen und privaten Netzbetreibern. Interesse wird dieses Buch auch in den IT-Abteilungen möglicher 5G-Anwenderfirmen wecken, nicht zuletzt natürlich bei Studierenden der Informatik und Elektrotechnik.

This book provides an overview on the current progresses in artificial intelligence and neural nets in data science. The book is reporting on intelligent algorithms and applications modeling, prediction, and recognition tasks and many other application areas supporting complex multimodal systems to enhance and improve human-machine or human-human interactions. This field is broadly addressed by the scientific communities and has a strong commercial impact since investigates on the theoretical frameworks supporting the implementation of sophisticated computational intelligence tools. Such tools will support multidisciplinary aspects of data mining and data processing characterizing appropriate system reactions to human-machine interactional exchanges in interactive scenarios. The emotional issue has recently gained increasing attention for such complex systems due to its relevance in helping in the most common human tasks (like cognitive processes, perception, learning, communication, and even "rational" decision-making) and therefore improving the quality of life of the end users.

This book discusses the architecture of future wireless networks, reliable communications between different nodes, and energy-efficient resource allocations for achieving sustainable wireless communications. To meet the increasing demands of wireless communication networks and achieve sustainable wireless communications, various promising technologies in this book have been investigated and developed. This book is to present cutting-edge research results on achieving sustainable wireless communications.In particular, the sustainable ultra-dense heterogeneous networks and the sustainability issues of non-orthogonal multiple access are investigated, the performances of cooperative networks with space-time network coding under different scenarios are evaluated, the dynamic estimation for a unified laser telemetry, tracking, and command system is discussed, and the energy-efficient resource allocation schemes are developed for future wireless communication networks. We believe that the results in this book can provide useful insights for the design of future wireless communication networks and achieving sustainable wireless communications. Graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the field of wireless communications can benefit from the book.