Skovbrug og skovkultur: praksis og teknik

This book highlights the sustainability aspects of products and processes in forest science. The forest products sector supplies raw materials to several industrial sectors worldwide. These products can be classified as timber or non-timber products. Wood products are those that originate from the woody fraction and can include pulp, charcoal, firewood, and others. The non-timber products, on the other hand, have the products extracted from the different parts of the tree, such as bark, leaves, fruits, resins, oils, tannins, or even products extracted from non-woody biomass, such as palm heart or carnauba, among others. There are new studies and new products developed from forests worldwide each day. However, studies that evaluate the sustainability of these products and the processes related to their production are not so common. It is essential to highlight the sustainability aspects of these activities and the products obtained from them; such that steps can be taken to make the processes eco-friendly.Allied to ecological sustainability studies that evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of such activities arise. With this book, the authors through the approach of other products and processes of forest science, present the practical vision of aligning production with sustainability in an economically viable way. The book analyses different products and processes, ranging from technological production of engineered wood products to handcrafted resins with a high commercial appeal. With the expertise of different authors, who are researchers in various specific areas of forest sciences, this book helps expand research and presents new insights, assisting industry decision-makers and researchers working in the areas forest sciences.

This innovative interdisciplinary study focuses on the history, science, and policy of tree planting and water conservation in South Africa. South Africa's forestry sector has sat-often controversially-at the crossroads of policy and scientific debates regarding water conservation, economic development, and biodiversity protection.

This monograph discusses fire hazard and fire resistance in wooden structures with a long duration of operation. Aside from its increasing importance for modern architecture, wood has been the most important building material in the past. It has a distinct aesthetic, high mechanical strength, and resistance against many environmental changes. These properties are evident in structures like the still standing Grinstead Chuch, which has been built in 1045.Readers will however learn about the decreasing fire resistance in wooden buildings with a long service live. Considering the cultural value of medieval wood buildings, this topic becomes increasingly relevant. The chapters discuss the mechanical, physico-chemical and thermophysical properties of wooden structures over different lifespans. Many factors contributing to the changing fire resistance in the ageing process of wooden structures, are explained.This book is a valuable resource for students, teachers and scientists in the areas of wood science, fire research and forestry.

This book gathers the latest advances, innovations and applications in the field of agricultural biotechnology, agro-food systems and forestry, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 5th International Conference on Safety, Health and Welfare in Agriculture and Agro-food Systems (SHWA), held in Ragusa, Italy, on September 15-18, 2021. The papers cover a range of topics such as agricultural assistive technologies, machine milking, animal welfare, sustainable livestock farming, work organization and logistic in agro-food supply chain, agricultural instrumentation and equipment, safety and health in building, agriculture 4.0, automation, occupational health, precision farming, effect of landscapes on human health, environmental safety, rural health, agricultural machinery, ROPS, augmented reality and IoT, cyber security. The contributions included in the book were selected by means of a rigorous peer-review process, and offer an extensive and multidisciplinary overview of interesting solutions in the field of sustainable agriculture.

In diesem Buch werden Strategien zur Verbesserung der Widerstandsfähigkeit und des Schutzes der gemäßigten Wälder in Südamerika vorgeschlagen, damit diese Wälder auf nachhaltige Weise Ökosystemleistungen erbringen können. Als solches trägt es zum Entwurf eines widerstandsfähigen Mensch-Wald-Modells bei, das die Multikulturalität lokaler Gemeinschaften berücksichtigt und in vielen Fällen Aspekte der ökologischen Ökonomie, der Entwicklungsökonomie und der territorialen Entwicklungsplanung einbezieht, die mit indigenen Völkern oder ¿First Nations¿ zu tun haben. Darüber hinaus werden Vorschläge für öffentliche und territoriale Politiken unterbreitet, die den Erhaltungszustand der einheimischen Wälder und Waldökosysteme verbessern, und zwar auf der Grundlage einer kritischen Analyse der wirtschaftlichen Faktoren, die zur Degradierung der Waldökosysteme im heutigen Südamerika führen.Dieses Buch wurde von Mitgliedern des Transdisziplinären Forschungszentrums für soziale und ökologische Strategien zur nachhaltigen Waldbewirtschaftung in Südamerika an der Universidad Austral de Chile konzipiert. Es enthält Beiträge von renommierten Forschern aus der ganzen Welt, die die Bereiche Wirtschaft, Ökologie, Biologie, Anthropologie, Soziologie und Statistik miteinander verbinden. Es handelt sich jedoch nicht einfach um eine Sammlung von Arbeiten, die von Autoren aus verschiedenen Disziplinen verfasst wurden. Vielmehr erhebt jedes Kapitel den Anspruch, in sich selbst transdisziplinär zu sein. Dieser Ansatz macht das Buch zu einem einzigartigen Beitrag zur Verbesserung sozialer, betriebswirtschaftlicher und politischer Ansätze in der Waldbewirtschaftung, die dazu beitragen, die Ökosystemleistungen des Waldes zu schützen und nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Dies wiederum kommt den lokalen Gemeinschaften und der Gesellschaft als Ganzes zugute, indem die negativen externen Effekte der Forstwirtschaft verringert und die Zukunftschancen verbessert werden.

This handbook provides a cutting-edge, comprehensive overview of global land and resource grabbing.

The mass timber panel industry, most prominently exemplified by cross-laminated timber (CLT), is a new phenomenon. It integrates elements of mass timber design, manufacturing technologies, and construction and has not followed typical commodity-oriented forest products industry models. In fact, it would be difficult to point to an adequate precedent. Organic development of the global mass timber industry over the last 25 years has produced substantial diversity in manufacturing processes, levels of automation, scales of operation, and products and services options, as well as in market strategies and modes of interaction with its extensive supply chain. Existing global mass timber operations offer a living laboratory that provides an understanding of both the current state of the industry and its trajectory and future development. Especially important are insights in how newly emerging markets may develop.

This edited book covers all aspects of wood degradation from its formation and growing in trees to its end usages when it is put into human usage. Wood is an age-old traditional fascinating material with a sensory-rich immersive experience that kindles aesthetics and creativity. The utility, durability, and functionality of wood render it a cosmopolitan material. It constitutes an integral part of human lives from ancient times to modern societies being used by various sectors viz., construction, furniture, panel products, paper and pulp, sports goods, agricultural implements, etc., Wood, being a biological material, is susceptible to degradation both by physical and biological means, and the need to protect the wood and prevent heavy economic losses constitutes a major challenge. Also, wood formed by the trees is the major sinks of carbon and the carbon remains locked-up for the life of the wood, thereby serving as important tool to mitigate the climate change. But the carbon stored in wood returns to the atmosphere when it degrades and will have positive effect on climate change. Hence, wood protection aiming for extending the service life of wood plays a key role in locking the carbon for a longer period in the wood and also substantially reduce the demand and depletion of forest resources. The book focuses on wood as an important natural bio-resource, inventory of wood protection, usage, utilization, preservatives, protection technologies and wood protection from all forms of degradation. Special focus is given on the eco-friendly way of protecting wood and its importance in mitigating climate change. The book is useful for Indian and international readers, who are working in wood domains. It is of interest to wood technologists, teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. It is of immense importance as a guide and study material to the graduate and postgraduate students of wood science in various universities of India and abroad.

This comprehensive textbook explores the boreal forests of Northern Europe, Finland, Sweden and Norway. Students will gain an overview of the forest ecosystem and the services it provides for modern society. From the production of timber, to the supply of food products or their use as a recreational space for human wellbeing - our forests serve many needs. Accordingly, the respective chapters cover various types of ecosystem service, e.g. supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural services.The book's main focus is on the management of boreal forests for the production of these ecosystem services. Addressing modern challenges, e.g. managing vulnerable boreal forests for adaptation to climate change, is an important aspect throughout the volume. Traditional forest management has to adapt and evolve in order to meet the increasing risk of abiotic and biotic damages to our forest biomass. Future forestry graduates will have to face more and more of these challenges; consequently, the book provides them with a wealth of scientific knowhow and possible counter-strategies.Forestry students in the Northern Hemisphere, be it in Europe, North America or Asia, will find this book an excellent reference guide. To make the content more accessible, it has been enriched with a clear structure, numerous illustrations and learning objectives.

This book aims to provide a comprehensive analysis on social, economic, and political issues to understand why forests in the Demacratic People's Repblican of Korean have been so severely deforested. Deforestation and forest degradation issues in the DPRK has been highlighted as an important international political issue, which has been intervening with food security issues and energy issues, and it's hard to discover the way out. The DPRK provides a unique case to international community that illustrate why the forests issue is so complex, illuminating the issues of declining forest coverage that beset developing nations around the world. This book will interest political scientists, conservation ecologists, and journalists.

Protective forests are a key component to reduce natural hazard risks in mountain areas by preventing or decreasing the frequency, magnitude and/or intensity of snow avalanches, rockfall, landslides, floods, and debris flows. This book summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge and introduces methods and decision support tools to facilitate the use of protective forests for Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) as part of an integrated risk management in the Alpine Space. Moreover, it highlights how translating scientific knowledge into practical solutions can only be achieved by an active and iterative exchange with practitioners and policy makers, and a common understanding of applied concepts and definitions. Only then can protective forests be managed sustainably under constantly changing climate and socio-economic conditions.

Andean dry forest ecosystems are threatened by deforestation and unsustainable land use methods. The negative effects for the livelihood of the local population, biodiversity, and the regional climate could be countered by reforestation measures; however, dry land forests have not attracted the same level of interest and investment like other ecosystems. This book describes the development of a priority-zone map for reforestation measures, showing where reforestation might have the greatest social and ecological benefits. To achieve this, a problem analysis of a case study region is conducted and thematic reforestation benefits are determined. Using remote sensing and GIS, the areas where benefits can be obtained are mapped in individual layers and compiled into a summarizing priority-zone map. It is thus possible to identify areas where reforestation would achieve multiple benefits. The concept of priority maps could be used to facilitate reforestation strategies by local communitiesand municipal governments and could thus contribute to initiate an integrated forest and landscape restoration of the Bolivian montane dry forests.

This book focuses on crisis management in forest industry of Russia. It is about the present, and the future, with a short retrospective about the past of the forest industry in Russia. It includes forecasting too and description of some of the best practices of developed countries to be implemented in Russia to overcome the crisis. The main theme of the book is smart innovations and innovative activities introduced and also those which are required in the forest industry of Russia. The book considers the effectiveness of innovations and institutional changes in the forest industry, which are an important direction of innovation activities required all together with technological and economic breakthrough with ecological aspects in priority. The necessity to implement the modern innovation system in the forest industry based on institutional changes is substantiated and thoroughly explained with successful examples of ongoing and future up-to-date smart innovations. The development of the forest innovation system is suggested for sustainable forest industry management; the key components of which are technological, product, institutional, and ecological innovations, as well as, innovative entrepreneurship. Realization of the innovation system for technological and intellectual improvement requires good scientific and personnel provision, anticipation of markets and tendencies of development for some decades ahead. The implied advanced technologies in the forest industry also include IT-, nano-, and biotechnologies. The success stories of the leading Russian and international companies in the forest industry of Russia are studied attentively in the book. The book presents a profound methodical and theoretical substantiation for the further implementation of the smart innovations and of the successful experience of the industry leading companies.